scholarly journals Biopurification of Oligosaccharides by Immobilized Kluyveromyces Lactis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
In-Seok Yeo ◽  
Yeo-Jin Yoon ◽  
Nari Seo ◽  
Hyun Joo An ◽  
Jae-Han Kim
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Microbial Catalysts

Oligosaccharides with diverse and complex structures such as milk oligosaccharides have physiological functions including modulating intestinal microbiota or stimulating immune cell responses. However, milk carbohydrates include about 40–50% of lactose which requires a cost-effective method to separate. We developed a new method to purify the oligosaccharides from carbohydrate mixtures such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) by exploiting immobilized Kluyveromyces lactis as microbial catalysts. Evaluation of media components exhibited no significant differences in the lactose removal efficiency when nutrient-rich media, minimal salt media, and distilled water without any media components were used. With the immobilization on alginate beads, the lactose removal efficiency was increased 3.4 fold compared to that of suspension culture. When the immobilized cells were reused to design a continuous process, 4 h of pre-activation enhanced the lactose eliminating performance 2.5 fold. Finally, immobilized K. lactis was used as microbial catalysts for the biopurification of HMOs and GOSs, and lactose was effectively removed without altering the overall distribution of oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Water Turbidity Removal Efficiency of Anthracite and Gravel in Roughing Filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Bhesh Kumar Karki ◽  
Iswar Man Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Flow Rate Change

This research was carried out to compare turbidity removal efficiency of anthracite up flow roughing filter (RF) model to gravel RF model at different flow rates. Two identical filter columns with (230*230*1570) mm3 in internal dimensions were operated at same time. Same grain size (2 - 4.75) and (4.75 - 9.5) mm were used in gravel model and anthracite model. All the sizes were achieved by properly sieving through standard sieve sizes (2, 4.75, 9.5, 12.5 and 25 mm). The study involved measuring turbidity every 2 hours and head loss once a day. Filter models were operated around 200 NTU influent turbidity until maximum allowable head loss was reached. Three sets of experiments were carried at filtration rate of .0.5 to 1.5 m/h. Anthracite model was 2.07% more efficient in terms of turbidity removal. Increasing filtration rate from 0.5 to 1.5 m/h, the effluent turbidity in gravel model increased from 24.44 to 33.52 NTU whereas that in anthracite model increased from 21.48 to 28.02 NTU and removal efficiency in anthracite model decreased from 89 to 86% while in gravel model decreased from 88 to 84%. Thus, it can be concluded that anthracite model was highly significant to removal turbidity and less affected by the flow rate change in case of efficiency. Thus, this cost-effective method can be used in context of Nepal as well.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Uncertainty in air stripping tower design: implications of the air-to-water ratio

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
B.I. Dvorak ◽  
J.W. Schauble
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Henry's Constant ◽  
True Value ◽  
Risk Of Failure ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Water Ratio

Environmental engineers are frequently faced with uncertainty in making design decisions because the true value of many process parameters is unknown. In this study, the design of countercurrent air stripping towers was modeled using fuzzy numbers, taking into account uncertainties in mass transfer and Henry's constant. It was found that, in addition to cost, the risk of failure is an important design consideration for stripping tower design. A significant over-design is both cost-effective and results in less risk of design failure. The air-to-water ratio that yielded the least risk of failure switched from low to high as the removal efficiency of the tower increased. An important result is that at lower removal efficiencies, tower design and operation is most sensitive to uncertainties in mass transfer and at higher removal efficiencies, tower design and operation is most sensitive to uncertainties in Henry's constant . The implication is that low air-to-water ratios are best when the regulatory target removal efficiency is low and/or when the uncertainty in the value of the contaminant's Henry's constant is larger than the uncertainty in the mass transfer coefficient value. Otherwise a high air-to-water ratio results in the least risk of process failure.

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dor ◽  
N. Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

A Cost-Effective Method to Prepare Pure Vildagliptin

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Peng ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
Zhu Tao ◽  
Yingjie Chen ◽  
Xiangnan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method

scholarly journals Computer-supported Detection of M-Components and Evaluation of Immunoglobulins after Capillary Electrophoresis

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Jonsson ◽  
Joyce Carlson ◽  
Jan-Olof Jeppsson ◽  
Per Simonsson
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Computerized Decision Support ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms

Abstract Background: Electrophoresis of serum samples allows detection of monoclonal gammopathies indicative of multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and amyloidosis. Present methods of high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis (HRAGE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) are manual and labor-intensive. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) allows rapid automated protein separation and produces digital absorbance data, appropriate as input for a computerized decision support system. Methods: Using the Beckman Paragon CZE 2000 instrument, we analyzed 711 routine clinical samples, including 95 monoclonal components (MCs) and 9 cases of Bence Jones myeloma, in both the CZE and HRAGE systems. Mathematical algorithms developed for the detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MCs) in the γ- and β-regions of the electropherogram were tested on the entire material. Additional algorithms evaluating oligoclonality and polyclonal concentrations of immunoglobulins were also tested. Results: CZE electropherograms corresponded well with HRAGE. Only one IgG MC of 1 g/L, visible on HRAGE, was not visible after CZE. Algorithms detected 94 of 95 MCs (98.9%) and 100% of those visible after CZE. Of 607 samples lacking an MC on HRAGE, only 3 were identified by the algorithms (specificity, 99%). Algorithms evaluating total gammaglobulinemia and oligoclonality also identified several cases of Bence Jones myeloma. Conclusions: The use of capillary electrophoresis provides a modern, rapid, and cost-effective method of analyzing serum proteins. The additional option of computerized decision support, which provides rapid and standardized interpretations, should increase the clinical availability and usefulness of protein analyses in the future.

scholarly journals Mead Production Using Immobilized Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Reuse of Sodium Alginate Beads

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Miguel L. Sousa-Dias ◽  
Vanessa Branco Paula ◽  
Luís G. Dias ◽  
Letícia M. Estevinho
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Second Category

This work studied the production of mead using second category honey and the immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sodium alginate, with concentrations of 2% and 4%, and their reuse in five successive fermentations. The immobilized cells with 4% alginate beads were mechanically more stable and able to allow a greater number of reuses, making the process more economical. The fermentation’s consumption of sugars with free cells (control) and immobilized cells showed a similar profile, being completed close to 72 h, while the first use of immobilized cells finished at 96 h. The immobilized cells did not significantly influence some oenological parameters, such as the yield of the consumed sugars/ethanol, the alcohol content, the pH and the total acidity. There was a slight increase in the volatile acidity and a decrease in the production of SO2. The alginate concentrations did not significantly influence either the parameters used to monitor the fermentation process or the characteristics of the mead. Mead fermentations with immobilized cells showed the release of cells into the wort due to the disintegration of the beads, indicating that the matrix used for the yeast’s immobilization should be optimized, considering the mead production medium.

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