scholarly journals MgO Modified with MgF2 as an Electrolyte Immobilizing Agent for the High-Temperature Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Zieliński ◽  
Angelika Kiderys ◽  
Mariusz Pietrowski ◽  
Bogdan Czajka ◽  
Iwona Tomska-Foralewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Fluoride ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Molten Electrolyte

Magnesium oxide, generally applied as a filler in high-temperature cells (with an electrolyte melting point above 250 °C), was modified with magnesium fluoride to improve its mechanical and electrical properties. Samples containing 10 and 25 mol.% MgF2 were prepared and calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C. They were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Moreover, the electrolyte absorption, mechanical strength of pellets made of filler and electrolyte, and volume of unfilled spaces were determined. It was shown that the introduction of MgF2 in the amount of 10 and 25 mol.% results in a considerable decrease in the surface area of the initial MgO, which testifies to the covering of MgO by the formed fluoride. However, no new crystalline phases were formed as concluded from the XRD analysis. The pellets consisting of electrolyte and MgF2/MgO filler (the electrolyte + 40 wt.% of the filler) had a higher mechanical strength compared to bare MgO filler. In particular, they outperformed MgO in the ionic conductivity of molten electrolyte. The latter was almost three times as high as that of MgO filler, when the filler containing 25 mol.% MgF2 was employed. The aforementioned properties of MgF2/MgO materials predispose them for use as fillers in high-temperature cells.

Direct Melting‐Point Calibration of a High‐Temperature X‐Ray Camera

1963 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wilkinson ◽  
L. D. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Melting

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface and Structural Properties of Carbonaceous Materials Prepared by Chemical Activation of Tomato Paste Waste: The Effects of Activator Type and Impregnation Ratio

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgul Ozbay ◽  
Adife Seyda Yargic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomato Paste

Activated carbons were prepared by carbonization of tomato paste processing industry waste at 500°C followed by chemical activation with KOH, K2CO3, and HCl in N2 atmosphere at low temperature (500°C). The effects of different activating agents and impregnation ratios (25, 50, and 100 wt.%) on the materials’ characteristics were examined. Precursor, carbonized tomato waste (CTW), and activated carbons were characterized by using ultimate and proximate analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, point of zero charge measurements (pHPZC), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Activation process improved pore formation and changed activated carbons’ surface characteristics. Activated carbon with the highest surface area (283 m3/g) was prepared by using 50 wt.% KOH as an activator. According to the experimental results, tomato paste waste could be used as an alternative precursor to produce low-cost activated carbon.

High-temperature powder x-ray diffraction of yttria to melting point

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Swamy ◽  
N. A. Dubrovinskaya ◽  
L. S. Dubrovinsky
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Unit Cell Parameter ◽  
Cell Parameter ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Expansion Data ◽  
X Ray

Powder x-ray diffraction data of yttria (Y2O3) were obtained from room temperature to melting point with the thin wire resistance heating technique. A solid-state phase transition was observed at 2512 ± 25 K and melting of the high-uemperature phase at 2705 ± 25 K. Thermal expansion data for α–Y2O3 (C-type) are given for the range 298–2540 K. The unit cell parameter increases nonlinearly, especially just before the solid-state transition. The x-ray diffraction spectrum of the high-temperature phase is consistent with the fluorite-type structure (space group Fm3) with a refined unit cell parameter a = 5.3903(6) Å at 2530 K. The sample recrystallized rapidly above 2540 K, and above 2730 K, all the diffraction lines and spots disappeared from the x-ray diffraction spectrum that suggests complete melting.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and luminescence properties of a new microporous europium silicate: Na3EuSi6O15·1.47H2O

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 29121-29125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ying Ji ◽  
Fuyang Liu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

A new microporous europium silicate, Na3EuSi6O15·1.47H2O (denoted as 1), was synthesized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and structurally characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

Phase Formation and Thermodynamic Analysis of Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis Al–Zr–N System Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2610-2613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Chen ◽  
Changchun Ge ◽  
Jiangtao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

The self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of Al–Zr–N system composite ceramics was investigated in this paper. The melting point of Al was low (Tm = 660 °C), while that of Zr was high (Tm =1855 °C). Therefore, Al will melt and coalesce during reaction, which inhibit diffusion of nitrogen from outside the metal compact to interior due to collapse of the pore openings, while Zr will not melt under the combustion temperature which is lower than its melting point. It will not affect the permeation of nitrogen under the conditions. Accordingly, the ratio of Al and Zr in the initial mixed powders will affect the permeation of nitrogen from outside the sample to the interior, which results in different phase formation of the products. In this study, the relationship between the combustion parameters and the phase formation of the products will be experimentally determined through XRD analysis, and then thermodynamically analyzed.

The thermal expansion and high temperature transformation of SnS and SnSe*

1979 ◽  
Vol 149 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heribert Wiedemeier ◽  
Frank J. Csillag
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Orthorhombic Modification ◽  
Temperature Transformation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractThe thermal expansion of SnS and SnSe has been studied above room temperature up to the melting point of 1163 ± 5K and 1135 ± 5K, respectively, by X-ray diffraction techniques using a 190 mm Unicam high temperature camera. The changes of the lattice parameters indicate that the atomic positions in the (010) plane approach a square planar arrangement with increasing temperature. The transformation of SnS and SnSe from orthorhombic to a pseudotetragonal orthorhombic modification with

High-Temperature XRD Analysis of Polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
Robert W. Green
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sample Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Temperature Xrd ◽  
Insight Into

High-temperature x-ray diffraction has many applications. Applied to polymeric materials it is a useful tool for investigating changes in crystallinity, providing insight into molding and extrusion problems, and for examining solvent-resistancy problems. An example of the increasing crystailine character of a polymer as a function of temperature can be seen in figure 1. Diffraction scans at 25°C, 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C clearly show the increasing crystalline character of the potymer with an increase in temperature. Control of sample temperature for a polymer is very important, when analyzing under air, because a momentary overshoot in temperature may lead to the sample igniting. High-temperature investigations of polymers are also subject to the problem of the sample warping and bowing.

scholarly journals On the Reconstruction Peculiarities of Sol–Gel Derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) Layered Double Hydroxides

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligita Valeikiene ◽  
Marina Roshchina ◽  
Inga Grigoraviciute-Puroniene ◽  
Vladimir Prozorovich ◽  
Aleksej Zarkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxides ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Synthesized Materials ◽  
First Time

In this study, the reconstruction peculiarities of sol–gel derived Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides were investigated. The mixed metal oxides (MMO) were synthesized by two different routes. Firstly, the MMO were obtained directly by heating Mg(M)–Al–O precursor gels at 650 °C, 800 °C, and 950 °C. These MMO were reconstructed to the Mg2−xMx/Al1 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in water at 50 °C for 6 h (pH 10). Secondly, in this study, the MMO were also obtained by heating reconstructed LDHs at the same temperatures. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitrogen adsorption by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) methods were used to determine the surface area and pore diameter of differently synthesized alkaline earth metal substituted MMO compounds. It was demonstrated for the first time that the microstructure of reconstructed MMO from sol–gel derived LDHs showed a “memory effect”.

scholarly journals Ga2O3(Sn) Oxides for High-Temperature Gas Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938
Author(s):  
Nataliya Vorobyeva ◽  
Marina Rumyantseva ◽  
Vadim Platonov ◽  
Darya Filatova ◽  
Artem Chizhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
High Temperature Gas

Gallium(III) oxide is a promising functional wide-gap semiconductor for high temperature gas sensors of the resistive type. Doping of Ga2O3 with tin improves material conductivity and leads to the complicated influence on phase content, microstructure, adsorption sites, donor centers and, as a result, gas sensor properties. In this work, Ga2O3 and Ga2O3(Sn) samples with tin content of 0–13 at.% prepared by aqueous co-precipitation method were investigated by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and probe molecule techniques. The introduction of tin leads to a decrease in the average crystallite size, increase in the temperature of β-Ga2O3 formation. The sensor responses of all Ga2O3(Sn) samples to CO and NH3 have non-monotonous character depending on Sn content due to the following factors: the formation of donor centers and the change of free electron concentration, increase in reactive chemisorbed oxygen ions concentration, formation of metastable Ga2O3 phases and segregation of SnO2 on the surface of Ga2O3(Sn) grains.

scholarly journals IR-transparent MgO-Gd2O3 composite ceramics produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and spark plasma sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Permin ◽  
Maksim S. Boldin ◽  
Alexander V. Belyaev ◽  
Stanislav S. Balabanov ◽  
Vitaly A. Koshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Transparent Composite

AbstractA glycine-nitrate self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) was developed to produce composite MgO-Gd2O3 nanopowders. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the SHS-product consists of cubic MgO and Gd2O3 phases with nanometer crystallite size and retains this structure after annealing at temperatures up to 1200 °C. Near full dense high IR-transparent composite ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1140 °C and 60 MPa. The in-line transmittance of 1 mm thick MgO-Gd2O3 ceramics exceeded 70% in the range of 4–5 mm and reached a maximum of 77% at a wavelength of 5.3 mm. The measured microhardness HV0.5 of the MgO-Gd2O3 ceramics is 9.5±0.4 GPa, while the fracture toughness (KIC) amounted to 2.0±0.5 MPa·m1/2. These characteristics demonstrate that obtained composite MgO-Gd2O3 ceramic is a promising material for protective infra-red (IR) windows.

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