scholarly journals Surface Plasmon Nanolaser: Principle, Structure, Characteristics and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litu Xu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Yahui Liu ◽  
Fuqiang Yao ◽  
Shuai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Surface Plasmons ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Sub Wavelength

Photonic devices are becoming more and more miniaturized and highly integrated with the advancement of micro-nano technology and the rapid development of integrated optics. Traditional semiconductor lasers have diffraction limit due to the feedback from the optical system, and their cavity length is more than half of the emission wavelength, so it is difficult to achieve miniaturization. Nanolasers based on surface plasmons can break through the diffraction limit and achieve deep sub-wavelength or even nano-scale laser emission. The improvement of modern nanomaterial preparation processes and the gradual maturity of micro-nano machining technology have also provided technical conditions for the development of sub-wavelength and nano-scale lasers. This paper describes the basic principles of surface plasmons and nano-resonators. The structure and characteristics of several kinds of plasmonic nanolasers are discussed. Finally, the paper looks forward to the application and development trend of nanolasers.

Plasmonic Lithography

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Srituravanich ◽  
N. Fang ◽  
C. Sun ◽  
S. Durant ◽  
M. Ambati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmons ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Fdtd Simulation ◽  
Hole Array ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Spacer Layer ◽  
Bull's Eye ◽  
Sub Wavelength

As the next-generation technology moves below 100 nm mark, the need arises for a capability of manipulation and positioning of light on the scale of tens of nanometers. Plasmonic optics opens the door to operate beyond the diffraction limit by placing a sub-wavelength aperture in an opaque metal sheet. Recent experimental works [1] demonstrated that a giant transmission efficiency (>15%) can be achieved by exciting the surface plasmons with artificially displaced arrays of sub-wavelength holes. Moreover the effectively short modal wavelength of surface plasmons opens up the possibility to overcome the diffraction limit in the near-field lithography. This shows promise in a revolutionary high throughput and high density optical lithography. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of near-field nanolithography by exciting surface plasmon on nanostructures perforated on metal film. Plasmonic masks of hole arrays and “bull’s eye” structures (single hole surrounded by concentric ring grating) [2] are fabricated using Focused Ion Beam (FIB). A special index matching spacer layer is then deposited onto the masks to ensure high transmissivity. Consequently, an I-line negative photoresist is spun on the top of spacer layer in order to obtain the exposure results. A FDTD simulation study has been conducted to predict the near field profile [3] of the designed plasmonic masks. Our preliminary exposure test using these hole-array masks demonstrated 170 nm period dot array patterns, well beyond the resolution limit of conventional lithography using near-UV wavelength. Furthermore, the exposure result obtained from the bull’s eye structures indicated the characteristics of periodicity and polarization dependence, which confirmed the contribution of surface plasmons.

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Bao ◽  
Linkai Wu ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Chengyi Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

App design of distance art education platform under internet ecological environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098352
Author(s):  
Lanlan Xu ◽  
Qiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Art Teaching ◽  
Education Platform ◽  
App Design ◽  
At Home

With the rapid development of computer and network technology, the application of mobile app has been involved in all walks of life, especially the traditional art teaching mode. Therefore, it is of great significance to design an app with art learning and education as the main content based on the concept of young people's cognitive psychology and art training. This paper first analyzes the current situation and development trend of art education app at home and abroad, then analyzes and studies the design and application needs of education app at home, clarifies the needs of students and teachers, analyzes the visual and psychological characteristics of teenagers and their impact on interface and interaction design, and finally designs an art education app that meets the domestic needs. The results show that the app can enhance the interest of young people in art learning.

scholarly journals Mid infrared polarization engineering via sub-wavelength biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Dixit ◽  
Nihar Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Abhishek Mall ◽  
Anshuman Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Frequency Regime ◽  
Sub Wavelength

AbstractMid-infrared (IR) spectral region is of immense importance for astronomy, medical diagnosis, security and imaging due to the existence of the vibrational modes of many important molecules in this spectral range. Therefore, there is a particular interest in miniaturization and integration of IR optical components. To this end, 2D van der Waals (vdW) crystals have shown great potential owing to their ease of integration with other optoelectronic platforms and room temperature operation. Recently, 2D vdW crystals of $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {MoO}_{3}$$ MoO 3 and $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {V}_2 \hbox {O}_5$$ V 2 O 5 have been shown to possess the unique phenomenon of natural in-plane biaxial hyperbolicity in the mid-infrared frequency regime at room temperature. Here, we report a unique application of this in-plane hyperbolicity for designing highly efficient, lithography free and extremely subwavelength mid-IR photonic devices for polarization engineering. In particular, we show the possibility of a significant reduction in the device footprint while maintaining an enormous extinction ratio from $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {MoO}_{3}$$ MoO 3 and $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {V}_2$$ V 2 $$\hbox {O}_5$$ O 5 based mid-IR polarizers. Furthermore, we investigate the application of sub-wavelength thin films of these vdW crystals towards engineering the polarization state of incident mid-IR light via precise control of polarization rotation, ellipticity and relative phase. We explain our results using natural in-plane hyperbolic anisotropy of $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {MoO}_{3}$$ MoO 3 and $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {V}_2$$ V 2 $$\hbox {O}_5$$ O 5 via both analytical and full-wave electromagnetic simulations. This work provides a lithography free alternative for miniaturized mid-infrared photonic devices using the hyperbolic anisotropy of $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {MoO}_{3}$$ MoO 3 and $$\alpha$$ α -$$\hbox {V}_2$$ V 2 $$\hbox {O}_5$$ O 5 .

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: synthesis, optical nonlinearity, and related device applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Lude Wang ◽  
Han Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Nlo Properties ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Colloidal Semiconductor

The rapid development of photonic devices requires the exploration of novel materials with superior nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit size-tunable exciton resonances and excellent NLO properties....

Technology of animation in multimedia courseware of mechanical drawing

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092098608
Author(s):  
Yucheng Shen ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Size Principle ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Multimedia Teaching ◽  
Multimedia Environment ◽  
Use Of Internet

With the rapid development of Internet technology in China, mechanical drawing plays a more and more important role in social development and practice. The main purpose is to use the course of mechanical drawing to accurately represent the appearance, size, principle and technology of the machine. It is often called the language of communication in the industry. In order to make mechanical drawing better applied and practiced, and to make maximum use of Internet technical resources, the establishment of multimedia courseware teaching mechanism is the development trend of mechanical drawing.In order to adapt to the trend of network information, based on the multimedia environment, this paper studies the application of animation technology in mechanical drawing teaching, and constructs a small multimedia teaching platform. Through the explanation of animation courseware, students can better understand the making and principle of mechanical drawing, and cultivate students' divergent thinking. The teaching platform combines teaching material knowledge with practice to deepen students' understanding of the basic content of mechanical drawing. Finally, the rationality and practicability of the system are analyzed by investigating the platform users. The results show that the application of animation technology in mechanical drawing teaching is reasonable and practical.

Design and Simulation of an Electrically Pumped SPASER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fattah ◽  
Abdolber Mallah Livani ◽  
Eliye Norouzi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmons ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Population Inversion ◽  
Cavity Length ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Pn Junction ◽  
Inversion Condition ◽  
Resonance Cavity

Abstract In this investigation, a novel SPASER is designed and simulated which uses a forward biased pn junction to induce population inversion condition. Simulations are performed by means of SILVACO software. In the proposed structure, the active region is considered as a direct bandgap material (InGaAs) and a larger bandgap material (InP) is used for p and n regions to form heterojunctions. This pn junction is in contact with gold and surface plasmons propagate along their interface. Free space wavelength of the oscillations of surface plasmons is 1550nm that is used in photonic devices, frequently. To form the resonance cavity of the SPASER, two high reflective mirrors are placed at the ends of the plasmonic waveguide. Applied forward voltage and absorption coefficient of the SPASER are 1.2V and − 0.33cm− 1, respectively. Thus, the optical gain for a 50 microns cavity length is 1cm− 1. Moreover, the power consumption of the proposed device at these conditions is 1.2mW. The output plasmonic power is 0.6mW which yields 50% power efficiency.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT OF AN ACCOUNTANT UNDER UNCERTAINTY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Melnychuk ◽  
◽  
Oksana Lopatovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Variable Characteristic ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
The Cost

The modern accountant works in extremely difficult conditions, which is associated with the rapid development of the service economy, which leads to the formation of new and complex business processes and operations. Since all transactions must be reflected in the accounting system of the enterprise, there is a need to find sound methods that allow to implement it within the existing legal field. However, domestic legislation in the field of accounting and taxation is increasingly undergoing changes that are not always relevant and systematic. As a result, the accountant in his work is faced with problematic issues that need to be addressed immediately. However, the solution of such problems is not always directly regulated by law. In such conditions, the role and importance of professional judgment of the accountant, the content of which is disclosed in the article, increases significantly. It is determined that professional judgment is bases on acquired knowledge, own skills, abilities, experience and professional sense, and is a kind of superstructure of professional opportunities. The cost of such a judgment depends on the result obtained on the basis of its application. Professional judgment is a variable characteristic of an accountant's capabilities and requires constant development. To do this, you should follow certain principles, which include consistency, argumentation, reliability, completeness, logic. Adherence to these principles will form the level of professional judgment that will provide an opportunity to effectively solve non-standard production situations and bring additional income to the accountant. In addition, we believe that the application of international accounting and reporting standards provides more opportunities for the development of accounting judgment. This is because international standards describe the basic principles that a particular entity must comply with. Domestic accounting regulations provide many alternatives by which objects can be recognized in accounting. Therefore, the development of professional judgment in the application of national provisions is primarily related to the justification of a specific alternative or scheme of application of methods of recognition, evaluation, accounting of individual objects.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary review of logistics and supply chain research— Application of scientific measurement analysis in related fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Chung-Lien Pan ◽  
JiaLong Li ◽  
XiaoLing Huang ◽  
XuanFan Guo ◽  
LiHong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Industry Professionals

The process of globalization and digitization has continuously increased customer requirements for logistics costs and services. Issues related to the development of logistics and supply chain has received great attention. However, considering the factors of timeliness and systemic, previous studies could no longer meet the latest needs. To fill these gaps, this article reviews the 833 articles collected from the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1989 to March 2020 and mainly analyzes annual trends, top organizations, top published countries, author keywords, and main sources and disciplines, using the concepts of system thinking and knowledge-intermediary to summarize the research results. The results show that the research on logistics and supply chain is in a period of rapid development, and presents a decentralized and diversified development trend. These data and images provide a comprehensive picture of the development of the digital business economy, aiming to help researchers, funding agencies, policymakers, and industry professionals grasp the timely situation about the discipline, thus establishing a systematic understanding.

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