scholarly journals Plant-Mediated Biotransformations of S(+)- and R(–)-Carvones

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Mączka ◽  
Daria Sołtysik ◽  
Katarzyna Wińska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk ◽  
Antoni Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Substrate Conversion ◽  
Diastereomeric Excess ◽  
Reduction Of Ketones

The enzymatic system of vegetables is well known as an efficient biocatalyst in the stereoselective reduction of ketones. Therefore, we decided to use the comminuted material of several plants including five vegetables (Apium graveolens L., Beta vulgaris L., Daucus carota L., Petroselinum crispum L., and Solanum tuberosum L.) and three fruits (Malus pumila L. “Golden” and “Kortland” as well as Pyrus communis L. “Konferencja”) to obtain enantiomerically pure carveol, which is commercially unavailable. Unexpectedly, all of the used biocatalysts not only reduced the carbonyl group of (4R)-(–)-carvone and (4S)-(+)-carvone, but also reduced the double bond in the cyclohexene ring. The results revealed that (4R)-(–)-carvone was transformed into (1R, 4R)- and (1S, 4R)-dihydrocarvones, and (1R,2R,4R)-dihydrocarveol. Although the enzymatic system of the potato transformed the substrate almost completely, the %de was not the highest. Potato yielded 92%; however, when carrot was used as the biocatalyst, it was possible to obtain 17% of (1R, 4R)-(+)-dihydrocarvone with 100% diastereomeric excess. In turn, the (4S)-(+)-carvone was transformed, using the biocatalysts, into (1R, 4S)- and (1S, 4S)-dihydrocarvones and dihydrocarveols. Complete substrate conversion was observed in biotransformation when potato was used. In the experiments using apple, (1R, 4S)-dihydrocarvone with 100% diastereomeric excess was obtained. Using NMR spectroscopy, we confirmed both diastereoisomers of 4(R)-1,2-dihydrocarveols, which were unseparated in the GC condition. Finally, we proved the high usefulness of vegetables for the biotransformation of both enantiomers of carvone as well as dihydrocarvone.

Biotransformation of Isoprenoids and Shikimic Acid Derivatives by a Vegetable Enzymatic System

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Krystyna Mączka ◽  
Agnieszka Mironowicz
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reversible Reaction ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Armoracia Lapathifolia

In biotransformations carried out under similar conditions enzymatic systems from carrot (Daucus carota L.), celeriac (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum) and horse-radish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) hydrolyzed the ester bonds of acetates of phenols or alicyclic alcohols. Nevertheless, methyl esters of aromatic acids did not undergo hydrolysis. Alcohols were oxidized to ketones in a reversible reaction.

scholarly journals Mineral Element Concentrations in Vegetables Cultivated in Acidic Compared to Alkaline Areas of South Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingegerd Rosborg ◽  
Lars Gerhardsson ◽  
Bengt Nihlgård
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Limestone Bedrock ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Well Waters

A study in 1997, on mineral levels in acidic compared to alkaline well waters, and in women's hair, revealed higher concentrations of a number of mineral elements like Ca, Mo and Se in alkaline waters and hair. Thus, median Ca levels were six times higher in well water and five times higher in hair from the alkaline area compared to the acidic area. This finding raised the probability of similar differences in vegetables from these areas. Thus, in the year 2006, 60 women who had participated in the study in 1997 were asked to cultivate parsley, lettuce, carrot and chive. During the spring of 2006, the women from the water and hair study of 1997, 30 of them from the acidic area and 30 women from the alkaline district cultivated vegetables: carrot (Daucus carota L), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chive (Allium schoenoprasum) and lettuce (Eruca sativa). The vegetables were harvested, and rinsed in tap water from the kitchens of the participating women in August. The concentrations of about 35 elements and ions were determined by ICP OES and ICP-MS predominantly. In addition, soil samples from the different cultivators were also analyzed for a number of elements. Lettuce and parsley showed the highest concentrations of mineral elements per gram dry weight. Only Mo concentrations were significantly higher in all the different vegetables from the alkaline district compared to vegetables from the acidic areas. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ba, Br, Mn, Rb and Zn were higher in all the different vegetables from the acidic area. In the soil, only pH and exchangeable Ca from the alkaline area were higher than from the acidic area, while exchangeable Fe, Mn and Na concentrations were higher in soils from the acidic area. Soil elements like Al, Fe, Li, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, V, Zn and Zr were found in higher concentrations in lettuce and parsley, which were attributed to soil particles being splashed on the plants by the rain and absorbed by the leaves. Strong correlations appeared between Ca and Sr in all the vegetables, except for carrot. No strong correlations were found between soil elements and vegetable elements, except for soil Mn and carrot/lettuce Mn. The differences in mineral levels in both, vegetables and soils were however small, compared to differences in well waters and hair. It was also suggested that the garden soils on limestone bedrock had been drained of minerals and thereby, the soil had an acidic pH. The contribution of mineral elements to daily intake in humans was considered minor from the analysed vegetables, except for some samples of lettuce that should give significant contributions of Ca, Zn, Mn and Mo. The main conclusion is that, differences in water and hair mineral levels between the two areas in the earlier study (1997) were not mirrored in vegetables cultivated in 2006. Principally, this suggests that, for humans the mineral intake of some elements from water may be more important than from vegetables.

CARROT, ONION, CELERY AND LETTUCE CROP SUCCESSION STUDIES ON AN ORGANIC SOIL

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN A. HAMILTON ◽  
R. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Crop Succession

Crop successions involving carrot (Daucus carota L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) celery (Apium graveolens L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were organized to study the effect of each crop on the yield of the subsequent crops when grown on an organic soil. Crop sequences affected yields significantly. Carrot yields were significantly greater when they followed celery or lettuce than when they followed carrot or onion. Onion yields were greatest after celery or lettuce, less after onion, least after carrot. Celery yields were greatest after celery or lettuce, less after onion, least after carrot. Lettuce yields were greater after lettuce or celery than after onion or carrot. The nematode species occurring in the largest numbers after continuous growing of carrot, onion, celery, and lettuce were Meloidogyne hapla, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus penetrans and M. hapla, respectively.

scholarly journals First Report of Apium virus Y on Cilantro, Celery, and Parsley in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tian ◽  
H.-Y. Liu ◽  
S. T. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Reverse Primer

Recently, Apium virus Y (ApVY) was detected in field-grown cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) in California. In 2003, cilantro plants growing in three different fields in California (Monterey, San Joaquin, and San Luis Obispo counties) expressed symptoms of mosaic, vein clearing, and stunting. When plant sap was examined by transmission electron microscopy, flexuous, rod-shaped virus particles were observed. Total RNA was extracted from the symptomatic cilantro plants and used as a template in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using universal potyvirus primers according to Chen et al. (1). The RT-PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T (Promega, Madison, WI) and the insert of 1,713 bp was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU515125). Nucleotide sequences from clones derived from three different infected cilantro plants were 89 to 97% identical to ApVY sequences encoding partial sequence of polyprotein in GenBank (Accession Nos. AY049716, EU127499, AF207594, AF203529, and EU255632). In 2007, celery plants showing necrotic line patterns and necrotic lesions on lower leaves and petioles were observed in several fields in two coastal counties in California (Monterey and Santa Clara counties). Flexuous, rod-shaped virus particles were also observed in the sap of those plants. ELISA for Cucumber mosaic virus and RT-PCR for Celery mosaic virus were negative. ApVY specific primers were designed on the basis of a consensus sequence of ApVY identified from cilantro in 2003; reverse primer 5′-GGCTCTTGCTATAGACAAATAGT-3′ and forward primer 5′-GAAGACCAAGCCAATGTGTGTA-3′. The sequence of RT-PCR products (GenBank Accession No. EU515126) amplified from infected celery had 90 to 98% nucleotide identity to ApVY. When the deduced amino acid sequences of NIb and CP regions from both cilantro and celery were used for comparison, they showed 95 to 99% identity with the known ApVY GenBank sequences mentioned above. More than 10 asymptomatic parsley plants growing in fields adjacent to the infected celery were also tested for ApVY and found to be infected. ApVY was previously identified in three Apiaceae weeds in Australia (2) and in celery in New Zealand (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ApVY on cilantro, celery, and parsley in California. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) J. Moran et al. Arch. Virol. 147:1855, 2002. (3) J. Tang et al. Plant Dis. 91:1682, 2007.

Protein bodies in umbelliferous seeds. III. Characterization of calcium-rich crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Spitzer ◽  
John N. A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Daucus Carota L

The chemical composition of the calcium-rich crystal inclusions present in the seed protein bodies of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Imperator 408), wild carrot (Daucus carota L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), celery (Apium graveolens L. cv. Tall Utah), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L. cv. Hollow Crown), parsley (Petroselinum sativum L. cv. Moss Curled), and chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium L. cv. Curled) was determined. Using a variety of methods including X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, microincineration, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, solubility studies, and staining, the chemical composition of the calcium-rich crystal inclusions was identified as calcium oxalate.

scholarly journals Plant-Mediated Enantioselective Transformation of Indan-1-one and Indan-1-ol. Part 2

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4342
Author(s):  
Mączka ◽  
Wińska ◽  
Grabarczyk ◽  
Galek
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Enantiomeric Excess ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Satisfactory Yield ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation ◽  
Competing Reactions

The main purpose of this publication was to obtain the S-enantiomer of indan-1-ol with high enantiomeric excess and satisfactory yield. In our research, we used carrot callus cultures (Daucus carota L.), whereby the enzymatic system reduced indan-1-one and oxidized indan-1-ol. During the reaction of reduction, after five days, we received over 50% conversion, with the enantiomeric excess of the formed S-alcohol above 99%. In turn, during the oxidation of racemic indan-1-ol after 15 days, 36.7% of alcohol with an enantiomeric excess 57.4% S(+) remained in the reaction mixture. In addition, our research confirmed that the reactions of reduction and oxidation are competing reactions during the transformation of indan-1-ol and indan-1-one in carrot callus cultures.

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