scholarly journals Adipocyte Size Evaluation Based on Photoacoustic Spectral Analysis Combined with Deep Learning Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ma ◽  
Meng Cao ◽  
Qinghong Shen ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Ting Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
The Relationship

Adipocyte size, i.e., the cell area of adipose tissue, is correlated directly with metabolic disease risk in obese humans. This study proposes an approach of processing the photoacoustic (PA) signal power spectrum using a deep learning method to evaluate adipocyte size in human adipose tissue. This approach has the potential to provide noninvasive assessment of adipose tissue dysfunction, replacing traditional invasive methods of evaluating adipose tissue via biopsy and histopathology. A deep neural network with fully connected layers was used to fit the relationship between PA spectrum and average adipocyte size. Experiments on human adipose tissue specimens were performed, and the optimal parameters of the deep learning method were applied to establish the relationship between the PA spectrum and average adipocyte size. By studying different spectral bands in the entire spectral range using the deep network, a spectral band mostly sensitive to the adipocyte size was identified. A method of combining all frequency components of PA spectrum was tested to achieve a more accurate evaluation.

scholarly journals Transglutaminases and Obesity in Humans: Association of F13A1 to Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Adipose Tissue Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8289
Author(s):  
Mari T. Kaartinen ◽  
Mansi Arora ◽  
Sini Heinonen ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Gene Enrichment ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Mz Twins

Transglutaminases TG2 and FXIII-A have recently been linked to adipose tissue biology and obesity, however, human studies for TG family members in adipocytes have not been conducted. In this study, we investigated the association of TGM family members to acquired weight gain in a rare set of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for body weight, i.e., heavy–lean twin pairs. We report that F13A1 is the only TGM family member showing significantly altered, higher expression in adipose tissue of the heavier twin. Our previous work linked adipocyte F13A1 to increased weight, body fat mass, adipocyte size, and pro-inflammatory pathways. Here, we explored further the link of F13A1 to adipocyte size in the MZ twins via a previously conducted TWA study that was further mined for genes that specifically associate to hypertrophic adipocytes. We report that differential expression of F13A1 (ΔHeavy–Lean) associated with 47 genes which were linked via gene enrichment analysis to immune response, leucocyte and neutrophil activation, as well as cytokine response and signaling. Our work brings further support to the role of F13A1 in the human adipose tissue pathology, suggesting a role in the cascade that links hypertrophic adipocytes with inflammation.

Importance of the Cyclic AMP Concentration for the Rate of Lipolysis in Human Adipose Tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arner ◽  
J. Östman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Release Of Glycerol

1. The activation of lipolysis on incubation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue was examined in terms of the relationship between the release of glycerol and the concentration of tissue cyclic AMP. 2. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the maximum concentration of cyclic AMP and the rate of glycerol release in the presence of noradrenaline (r = 0.9), whereas, in the basal state, these two parameters were only weakly correlated (r = 0.45). 3. It appears that the noradrenaline-induced rate of lipolysis depends upon the maximal concentration of cyclic AMP that is present in human adipose tissue.

scholarly journals The relationship between non-HDL cholesterol and macrophage phenotypes in human adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Poledne ◽  
Ivana Kralova Lesna ◽  
Anna Kralova ◽  
Jiri Fronek ◽  
Sona Cejkova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Macrophage Phenotypes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of εL and εR from consideration of bisignate C.D. curves of α,β-unsaturated ketones

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Beecham ◽  
W Fock ◽  
AM Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Single Transition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

From reconsideration of experimental evidence of ∆ε and ε curves and extrapolation of comments by Beecham and Collins1 it is concluded that the occurrence of bisignate n- π* c.d. curves for ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones does not require hypothesizing the existence of two spectral bands of opposite sign and therefore indicates that the relationship between εL and εR for a single transition does not necessarily involve a simple constant amplitude factor as the conventional interpretation holds. An alternative interpretation of bisignate curves is proposed, based on one spectral band, the relationship between εL and εR involving differential half-widths of the vibronic components of the L series relative to the R series and a variable relative-amplitude scale along the vibronic progression. If appropriate scale and differential half-width parameters are used, the characteristics of monosignate and bisignate curves can be demonstrated by means of synthetic curves.

scholarly journals A long-non-coding RNA, LINC00473, confers the human adipose tissue thermogenic phenotype through enhanced cAMP responsiveness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh-Van Tran ◽  
Cecilie Nandrup-Bus ◽  
Tiffany DeSouza ◽  
Ricardo Soares ◽  
Naja Zenius Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Thermogenic Adipocytes ◽  
The Many ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

SummarySpecialized adipocytes localized in distinct depots mediate the many physiological functions of adipose tissue. In humans, paucity of thermogenic adipocytes correlates with high metabolic disease risk, raising much interest in the mechanisms by which these cells arise. Here we report molecular signatures associated with adipocyte development in different human depots and identify a long non-coding RNA, LINC00473, as the transcript most closely associated with enrichment of thermogenic adipocytes. LINC00473 expression is low in subjects with obesity or type-2 diabetes and is highly correlated with cAMP signaling and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways. LINC00473 is localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and its knockdown impairs induction of UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration. These results reveal that depot-enriched genes that modulate responsiveness to external stimuli, specifically LINC00473, are important determinants of the adipose tissue thermogenic phenotype, and potential targets for metabolic disease therapy.

scholarly journals Integrative mRNA-microRNA analyses reveal novel interactions related to insulin sensitivity in human adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kirby ◽  
R. Grace Walton ◽  
Brian Finlin ◽  
Beibei Zhu ◽  
Resat Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Novel Interactions ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microrna Microarray

Adipose tissue has profound effects on whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying biological processes are quite complex and likely multifactorial. For instance, the adipose transcriptome is posttranscriptionally modulated by microRNAs, but the relationship between microRNAs and insulin sensitivity in humans remains to be determined. To this end, we utilized an integrative mRNA-microRNA microarray approach to identify putative molecular interactions that regulate the transcriptome in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. Using the NanoString nCounter Human v1 microRNA Expression Assay, we show that 17 microRNAs are differentially expressed in IR vs. IS. Of these, 16 microRNAs (94%) are downregulated in IR vs. IS, including miR-26b, miR-30b, and miR-145. Using Agilent Human Whole Genome arrays, we identified genes that were predicted targets of miR-26b, miR-30b, and miR-145 and were upregulated in IR subjects. This analysis produced ADAM22, MYO5A, LOX, and GM2A as predicted gene targets of these microRNAs. We then validated that miR-145 and miR-30b regulate these mRNAs in differentiated human adipose stem cells. We suggest that use of bioinformatic integration of mRNA and microRNA arrays yields verifiable mRNA-microRNA pairs that are associated with insulin resistance and can be validated in vitro.

scholarly journals Sex and depot differences in ex vivo adipose tissue fatty acid storage and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (9) ◽  
pp. E830-E846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morgan-Bathke ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Elisabeth Oberschneider ◽  
Debra Harteneck ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Enzyme Activity Assay ◽  
Acyltransferase Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid ◽  
Tissue Fatty Acid ◽  
Relative Contribution

Adipose tissue fatty acid storage varies according to sex, adipose tissue depot, and degree of fat gain. However, the mechanism(s) for these variations is not completely understood. We examined whether differences in adipose tissue glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) might play a role in these variations. We optimized an enzyme activity assay for total GPAT and GPAT1 activity in human adipose tissue and measured GPAT activity. Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected from obese and nonobese adults for measures of GPAT and GPAT1 activities, ex vivo palmitate storage, acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and diacylglycerol-acyltransferase (DGAT) activities, and CD36 protein. Total GPAT and GPAT1 activities decreased as a function of adipocyte size in both omental ( r = −0.71, P = 0.003) and subcutaneous ( r = −0.58, P = 0.04) fat. The relative contribution of GPAT1 to total GPAT activity increased as a function of adipocyte size, accounting for up to 60% of GPAT activity in those with the largest adipocytes. We found strong, positive correlations between ACS, GPAT, and DGAT activities for both sexes and depots ( r values 0.58–0.91) and between these storage factors and palmitate storage rates into TAG ( r values 0.55–0.90). We conclude that: 1) total GPAT activity decreases as a function of adipocyte size; 2) GPAT1 can account for over half of adipose GPAT activity in hypertrophic obesity; and 3) ACS, GPAT, and DGAT are coordinately regulated.

scholarly journals The Relationship of a Combination of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Frozen Fat with the Survival Rate of Transplanted Fat

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Young Ha ◽  
Hojin Park ◽  
Seung-Ha Park ◽  
Byung-Il Lee ◽  
Yi-Hwa Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Release Is Higher in Visceral than Subcutaneous Human Adipose Tissue (AT): Implication of Macrophages Resident in the AT

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2282-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens M. Bruun ◽  
Aina S. Lihn ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
Bjørn Richelsen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Human adipose tissue (AT) produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Objective: Human AT cultures, isolated adipocytes, and stromal-vascular cells were used to investigate the relationship among AT-resident macrophages, MCP-1, and adiposity and the regulation of MCP-1. Results: mRNA levels of specific macrophage markers (CD68 and CD14) are correlated with adiposity in sc AT and visceral AT (P < 0.05). MCP-1 production is higher in stromal-vascular cells vs. adipocytes (P < 0.01) and correlates with macrophage markers in both AT compartments (P < 0.05). MCP-1 release is higher in obese subjects (P < 0.05) and in VAT (P < 0.01), but after adjusting for AT-resident macrophages, the differences disappear. MCP-1 is stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-6 + IL-6-soluble receptor and is decreased by dexamethasone, IL-10, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. Discussion: MCP-1 is correlated with specific macrophage markers, adiposity, and AT localization, but the relationship seems to be related to the number of AT-resident macrophages. Despite this, MCP-1 may be involved in obesity-related health complications, and the decrease of MCP-1 by metformin and thiazolidinediones suggests that these antidiabetic compounds have antiinflammatory properties improving the low-grade inflammatory state observed in obesity.

scholarly journals Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Overexpression in Visceral Adipose Tissue from Obese Subjects with Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Relationship with Lipoprotein Lipase

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Barchetta ◽  
Caterina Chiappetta ◽  
Valentina Ceccarelli ◽  
Flavia Agata Cimini ◽  
Laura Bertoccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Size Heterogeneity

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) regulates lipid partitioning by inhibiting circulating and tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL); ANGPTL4 loss-of-function variants improve insulin sensitivity and reduce type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk with mechanisms partially unknown. This study was designed to explore metabolic implications of differential ANGPTL4 and LPL expression in human adipose tissue (AT). We recruited eighty-eight obese individuals, with and without abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM), undergoing bariatric surgery; visceral AT (VAT) fragments were obtained intra-operatively and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA by rt-PCR. Data on hepatic ANGPTL4 mRNA were available for 40 participants. VAT ANGPTL4 expression was higher in AGM individuals than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and associated with VAT inflammation, insulin resistance, and presence of adipocyte size heterogeneity. Increased ANGPTL4 was associated with AGM with OR = 5.1 (95% C.I.: 1.2–23; p = 0.02) and AUROC = 0.76 (95% C.I.: 1.2–23; p < 0.001). High LPL was associated with the detection of homogeneous adipocyte size, reduced microvessel density, and higher HIF-1α levels and inversely correlated to blood transaminases. In conclusion, in obese individuals, VAT ANGPTL4 levels are increased in the presence of local inflammation and AGM. Conversely, higher LPL expression describes a condition of increased lipid storage in adipocytes, which may serve as a protective mechanism against ectopic fat accumulation and related metabolic disease in obesity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document