scholarly journals Data Analysis and Forecasting of Tuberculosis Prevalence Rates for Smart Healthcare Based on a Novel Combination Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyang Wang ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Wenyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Combination Model ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

In recent years, healthcare has attracted much attention, which is looking for more and more data analytics in healthcare to relieve medical problems in medical staff shortage, ageing population, people living alone, and quality of life. Data mining, analysis, and forecasting play a vital role in modern social and medical fields. However, how to select a proper model to mine and analyze the relevant medical information in the data is not only an extremely challenging problem, but also a concerning problem. Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem despite recent and continued progress in prevention and treatment. There is no doubt that the effective analysis and accurate forecasting of global tuberculosis prevalence rates lay a solid foundation for the construction of an epidemic disease warning and monitoring system from a global perspective. In this paper, the tuberculosis prevalence rate time series for four World Bank income groups are targeted. Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests are conducted to determine whether the differences of tuberculosis prevalence rates for different income groups are statistically significant or not, and a novel combined forecasting model with its weights optimized by a recently developed artificial intelligence algorithm—cuckoo search—is proposed to forecast the hierarchical tuberculosis prevalence rates from 2013 to 2016. Numerical results show that the developed combination model is not only simple, but is also able to satisfactorily approximate the actual tuberculosis prevalence rate, and can be an effective tool in mining and analyzing big data in the medical field.

scholarly journals Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas ◽  
Xiaodong Xu ◽  
Chunxia Sun ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
High Income ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Lower Income Countries

AbstractSecurity issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and National Diabetes Care Systems in European Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806
Author(s):  
Emma Altobelli ◽  
Paolo Matteo Angeletti ◽  
Valerio F. Profeta ◽  
Reimondo Petrocelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Background. Diabetes is increasing by 3.09% per year in males and 1.92% in females. Lifestyle risk factors are related to diabetes. The aim of this work is to highlight within EU-28 countries the distribution percentages of some lifestyle risk factors and some components of diabetes health care. Methods. A literature search was conducted to highlight the presence of diabetes registries, which are fundamental tools for disease surveillance and health planning; the presence of a national diabetes plan (NDP); the care setting; and methods used for reimbursement of drugs, devices, and coverage of any comorbidities associated with diabetes. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to evaluate the possible associations between the variables considered. Results. The highest percentages of diabetes (>10%) are registered in Bulgaria, Malta, and Hungary. Concerning the prevalence of overweight, no European country shows overall percentages of less than 50%. Regarding obesity, 57% of countries show prevalence rates of 25%. The record for physical inactivity belongs to Malta, with 45% of individuals being inactive. The percentage of physical inactivity for females is higher than for males across Europe. In total, 57% of the countries have an insurance-based health system, while 12 countries have public national health systems. Further, 57% of countries have an NDP, while 42% of the EU countries have established a prevalence register for diabetes. Conclusions. Prevalence rates for type 2 DM in the range of 8–9% are noted in 50% of EU-28 countries. In total, 21 out of EU countries show a high prevalence rate for overweight, while 7% of EU-28 countries have an obesity prevalence rate of 25%. Diabetes treatment is entrusted to general practitioners in most countries. The results of this work highlight the differences between countries, but also between genders.

scholarly journals Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Uwimana ◽  
Nestor Bizimungu ◽  
Fabrice Ingabire ◽  
Elyse Mukamukwiye ◽  
Odette Sharangabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
Early Case

Background: Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability.Objective: We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwanda. Methods: A retrospective review of detected leprosy cases from the records of the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory over a 17-year period (1995–2011) was conducted. Skin biopsy samples were analysed microscopically using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to identify M. leprae.Results: Cumulatively, 266 suspected cases were reported between 1995 and 2011. Of the suspected cases, 77 (28.9%) were laboratory confirmed as having leprosy. Among detected cases, 59 (76.6%) were men and 18 (23.4%) women. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There were 77 registered leprosy cases over the 17-year period of the study, and the prevalence rate was 0.005 per 10 000 population. A gradual decrease in the prevalence rate was observed from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010. From 1995 to 2011, the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 population.Conclusion: This laboratory review demonstrates a declining trend in prevalence rates and CDR during the period of the study. Early case detection and a sustainable leprosy control programme remain the cornerstones of reducing the physical and socio-economic burden of leprosy in Rwanda.

scholarly journals The Differences of Population Birth Defects in Epidemiology Analysis between the Rural and Urban Areas of Hunan Province in China, 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lili Xiong ◽  
Qiongying Chen ◽  
Aihua Wang ◽  
Fanjuan Kong ◽  
Donghua Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objectives. To compare the differences of epidemiology analysis in population birth defects (BDs) between the rural and urban areas of Hunan Province in China. Methods. The data of population-based BDs in Liuyang county (rural) and Shifeng district (urban) in Hunan Province for 2014–2018 were analyzed. BD prevalence rates, percentage change, and annual percentage change (APC) by sex and age were calculated to evaluate time trends. Risk factors associated with BDs were assessed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results. The BD prevalence rate per 10,000 perinatal infants (PIs) was 220.54 (95% CI: 211.26-230.13) in Liuyang and 181.14 (95% CI: 161.18-202.87) in Shifeng. Significant decreasing trends in BD prevalence rates were noted in the female PIs ( APC = − 9.31 , P = 0.044 ) and the total BD prevalence rate in Shifeng ( APC = − 14.14 , P = 0.039 ). Risk factors for BDs were as follows: rural area, male PIs, PIs with gestational age < 37 weeks, PIs with birth weight < 2500   g , and migrant pregnancies. Conclusions. We should focus on rural areas, reduce the prevalence of premature and low birth weight infants, and provide maternal healthcare services for migrant pregnancies for BD prevention from the perspective of population-based BD surveillance.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Dan Prevalensi Cacing Pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) Di Desa Ngrajek Magelang Jawa Tengah [Identification And Prevalence Of Worms On Gouramy Gastrointestinal (Osphronemus gouramy) In Ngrajek Village Magelang Central Java]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Riza Aryani, Kismiyati, Gunanti Mahasri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Possible Cause

Abstract Gouramy is one of the consumption of freshwater fish that have high economic value. Gouramy is a freshwater fish that have long been known and cultivated. Gouramy has many features including less demanding requirements for life, except that carp have slow growth. In maintenance appeared several constraints, such as illness. One possible cause is parasites. This research is aimed to know both the kind and the prevalence of gouramy gastrointestinal worms in Ngrajek Village Magelang Central Java. This research used survey methods through sampling at the site directly. Sample was taken once for 48 gouramy from four sites by using with fish size 10-15 cm. The main parameters of the research is the kind and prevalence degree of worms were found in the gastrointestinal of gouramy in the Ngrajek Magelang Central Java, while the supporting parameters in this research are water quality such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and ammonia. The result of this research showed that from 48 gouramy from four sites, there was four samples that positively infected by gastrointestinal worms. The prevalence rate of gouramy infected with worms in the gastrointestinal for A location is 12.5%, for B location is 13.3%, for C location is 0%, and for D location is 10%. Worms prevalence rates are found in the gastrointestinal consists of Echinorhynchus 6.25%, Neoechinorhynchus 2.08% and Pallisentis 2.08%. Overall prevalence of gouramy infected with worms in the gastrointestinal in Ngrajek Village Magelang Central Java is 8.33%.

scholarly journals Cloudlet based Medical Data Sharing with Privacy Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2538-2542
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Local Doctor

This modern society expects sophisticated modern health care services to enhance the healthy living conditions. The world’s ageing population and prevalence of chronic diseases has lead to high demand for medical data monitoring. The modern technology is supporting in all the way to realize the sophisticated health services. Specialized doctors are generally very rare and they may be geographically far away from needy patient. Without the support of technology, they cannot provide health services from remote places. In most of the cases, patients are immovable to doctor’s place due to their critical health conditions. But, the technology is a coming to help in such situations in a great way. The modern technology is helping in providing health services remotely with same quality as a local doctor can provide. The key concept behind this technology is collecting health data with highest possible accuracy and sharing it with remotely present health specialists. The wearable devices can collect body data most accurately and can send data to cloud for sharing it with remotely present health specialists. But, we know, sharing medical information is very critical and challenging issue because medical information contains patient’s important and highly confidential information. On the other hand, medical ethics says that doctors cannot share patient’s health records with others without the consent of patient. Such data will be shared between only authentic persons in cloud. The chain of processing mainly includes data collection, data storage, and data sharing. In this work a protected cloudlet based medical data sharing is proposed. In this paper, three major issues pertaining to medical data sharing are addressed. Firstly, a method for secured medical data sharing using cloudlet is proposed. During data collection, Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU) method used to encrypt user’s body data collected by wearable devices, then transmitted to nearby cloudlet. Secondly, a new trust model to help users to select trustable partners for sharing stored data in the cloudlet is presented. This model is to help similar patients to communicate with each other. Thirdly, a novel collaborative intrusion detection system (IDS) method based on cloudlet mesh is proposed, which can effectively prevent the remote healthcare big data cloud from attacks. Finally, an analysis of security to the information is presented and the results are quite encouraging.

scholarly journals The Prevalence Rate of Sexual Violence Worldwide: A Trend Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Borumandnia ◽  
Naghmeh Khadembashi ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabaei ◽  
Hamid Alavi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study is to showcase the image of Sexual Violence (SV) temporal trends through exploring differences in its prevalence rates during 1990-2017 across 195 countries and territories.Methods: The SV prevalence rates were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database during 1990-2017, worldwide. First, the Latent Growth Model (LGM) was employed for assessing the change in SV prevalence rate over time in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Australia & Oceania, for men and women separately. Then, the change in SV prevalence rate over time was determined within countries with high and low Human Development Index (HDI). Finally, the Latent Growth Mixture Models (LGMM) were applied for identifying classes where countries within each class have similar trend of SV prevalence rate over time.Results: The SV prevalence was higher among women than men and decreased in both genders over time across the world. The declining trend in SV prevalence against men is visible in both countries with high and low HDI, but SV prevalence against women in countries with low HDI shows an increase. The findings of LGMM identified six classes of SV prevalence trajectories. LGMM allocated Bermuda into the class with the highest decrease in SV prevalence against men, and Equatorial Guinea and Luxembourg into the class with the highest increase. Other countries had very slow declining trends. In terms of SV prevalence against women, LGMM allocated China, North Korea, and Taiwan into the class with the most increase among the countries in the world. Bermuda, Guyana, Mexico, Nigeria, and Saint Lucia were placed into the class which witnessed the largest decline and Angola, Congo, and Equatorial Guinea were ranked next. The trend in other countries was mostly decreasing.Conclusion: Given the high economic and social burden that SV has on victims and societies, the rate of SV in most countries does not seem to have dropped remarkably and requires special attention by relevant policymakers. The SV prevalence rate is highly heterogeneous among world countries which may be due to the definitions and tools used, and more importantly, the culture norms.

Framing Obesity: Effects of Obesity Labeling and Prevalence Statistics on Public Perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Liu ◽  
ByungGu Lee ◽  
Douglas M. McLeod ◽  
Hyesun Choung
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The rising prevalence rate of obesity in the United States has accentuated concerns about obesity-related problems as a major public health issue, which has motivated widespread efforts to increase public knowledge and to motivate individuals to change their relevant behaviors. Although health campaign messages commonly include information about prevalence rates for obesity, the impact of obesity labeling and prevalence rate descriptions in such messages has been overlooked by researchers. This online framing experiment fills the research gap by investigating the effects of obesity labeling (disease vs. body type) and prevalence statistics (prevalence rates of obesity, extreme obesity, combined overweight–obesity, or no prevalence information). Our findings suggest that obesity perceptions deviate from reality and that participants use framed cues in the health message as reference points when making judgments related to the nature and prevalence of obesity. Moreover, this study shows that even accurate information might lead to inaccurate perceptions as a result of framing, and perceptions of the nature and prevalence of obesity mediate the effects of framing on behavioral intentions. Implications for obesity framing and the design of public health messages are discussed.

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