scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and National Diabetes Care Systems in European Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806
Author(s):  
Emma Altobelli ◽  
Paolo Matteo Angeletti ◽  
Valerio F. Profeta ◽  
Reimondo Petrocelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Background. Diabetes is increasing by 3.09% per year in males and 1.92% in females. Lifestyle risk factors are related to diabetes. The aim of this work is to highlight within EU-28 countries the distribution percentages of some lifestyle risk factors and some components of diabetes health care. Methods. A literature search was conducted to highlight the presence of diabetes registries, which are fundamental tools for disease surveillance and health planning; the presence of a national diabetes plan (NDP); the care setting; and methods used for reimbursement of drugs, devices, and coverage of any comorbidities associated with diabetes. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to evaluate the possible associations between the variables considered. Results. The highest percentages of diabetes (>10%) are registered in Bulgaria, Malta, and Hungary. Concerning the prevalence of overweight, no European country shows overall percentages of less than 50%. Regarding obesity, 57% of countries show prevalence rates of 25%. The record for physical inactivity belongs to Malta, with 45% of individuals being inactive. The percentage of physical inactivity for females is higher than for males across Europe. In total, 57% of the countries have an insurance-based health system, while 12 countries have public national health systems. Further, 57% of countries have an NDP, while 42% of the EU countries have established a prevalence register for diabetes. Conclusions. Prevalence rates for type 2 DM in the range of 8–9% are noted in 50% of EU-28 countries. In total, 21 out of EU countries show a high prevalence rate for overweight, while 7% of EU-28 countries have an obesity prevalence rate of 25%. Diabetes treatment is entrusted to general practitioners in most countries. The results of this work highlight the differences between countries, but also between genders.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Cubans and Cuban Americans

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Burroughs Peña ◽  
Dhaval Patel ◽  
Delfin Rodríguez Leyva ◽  
Bobby V. Khan ◽  
Laurence Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Cuban Americans

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Cuba. Lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Cubans have not been compared to risk factors in Cuban Americans. Articles spanning the last 20 years were reviewed. The data on Cuban Americans are largely based on the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES), 1982–1984, while more recent data on epidemiological trends in Cuba are available. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus remains greater in Cuban Americans than in Cubans. However, dietary preferences, low physical activity, and tobacco use are contributing to the rising rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and CHD in Cuba, putting Cubans at increased cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive national strategies for cardiovascular prevention that address these modifiable lifestyle risk factors are necessary to address the increasing threat to public health in Cuba.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Risk Factors and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
Shinuk Kim ◽  
Hyunsik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Cvd Mortality

This study examined the association between lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 9945 Korea adults (56% women) aged 45 years and older. Smoking, heavy alcohol intake, underweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and unintentional weight loss (UWL) were included as risk factors. During 9.6 ± 2.0 years of follow-up, there were a total of 1530 cases of death from all causes, of which 365 cases were from CVD. Compared to a zero risk factor (hazard ratio, HR = 1), the crude HR of all-cause mortality was 1.864 (95% CI, 1.509–2.303) for one risk factor, 2.487 (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.013–3.072) for two risk factors, and 3.524 (95% CI, 2.803–4.432) for three or more risk factors. Compared to a zero risk factor (HR = 1), the crude HR of CVD mortality was 2.566 (95% CI, 1.550–4.250) for one risk factor, 3.655 (95% CI, 2.211–6.043) for two risk factor, and 5.416 (95% CI, 3.185–9.208) for three or more risk factors. The HRs for all-cause and CVD mortality remained significant even after adjustments for measured covariates. The current findings showed that five lifestyle risk factors, including smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, underweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and UWL, were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Korean adults.

scholarly journals Joint Effect of Genetic and Lifestyle Risk Factors on Type 2 Diabetes Risk among Chinese Men and Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e49464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Villegas ◽  
Ryan Delahanty ◽  
Yu-Tang Gao ◽  
Jirong Long ◽  
Scott M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Environmental (Lifestyle) Risk Factors for LADA

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

<P>Background: In order to prevent diabetes it is important to identify common, modifiable risk factors in the population. Such knowledge is extensive for type 2 diabetes but limited for autoimmune forms of diabetes. </P><P> Objective: This review aims at summarizing the limited literature on potential environmental (lifestyle) risk factors for LADA. Methods: A PubMed search identified 15 papers estimating the risk of LADA in relation to lifestyle. These were based on data from two population-based studies; one Swedish case-control study and one Norwegian cohort study. Results: Studies published to date indicate that the risk of LADA is associated with factors promoting insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes such as overweight, physical inactivity, smoking, low birth weight, sweetened beverage intake and moderate alcohol consumption (protective). Findings also indicate potential effects on autoimmunity exerted by intake of coffee (harmful) and fatty fish (protective). This supports the concept of LADA as being a hybrid form of diabetes with an etiology including factors associated with both insulin resistance and autoimmunity. Conclusion: LADA may in part be preventable through the same lifestyle modifications as type 2 diabetes including weight loss, physical activity and smoking cessation. However, current knowledge is hampered by the small number of studies and the fact that they exclusively are based on Scandinavian populations. There is a great need for additional studies exploring the role of lifestyle factors in the development of LADA.</P>

scholarly journals The Complex Interplay of Genetic and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the scourges of modern times, with many millions of people affected by the disease. Diabetes occurs most frequently in those who are overweight or obese. However, not all overweight and obese persons develop diabetes, and there are those who develop the disease who are lean and physically active. Certain ethnicities, especially indigenous populations, are at considerably higher risk of obesity and diabetes than those of white European ancestry. The patterns and distributions of diabetes have led some to speculate that the disease is caused by interactions between genetic and obesogenic lifestyle factors. Whilst to many this is a plausible explanation, remarkably little reliable evidence exists to support it. In this review, an overview of published literature relating to genetic and lifestyle risk factors for T2D is provided. The review also describes the concepts and rationale that have motivated the view that gene-lifestyle interactions cause diabetes and overviews the empirical evidence published to date to support this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Exploring Opportunities for Primary Prevention of Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: Ready for Prime Time?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Folsom ◽  
Mary Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important vascular disease and public health problem. Prevention of VTE has focused mainly on using thromboprophylaxis to avoid provoked VTE or recurrent VTE, with little attention paid to the possibility of preventing the one third to one half of VTEs that are unprovoked. We review growing research suggesting that unhealthy lifestyle risk factors may cause a considerable proportion of unprovoked VTE. Using epidemiologic data to calculate population attributable risks, we estimate that in the United States obesity may contribute to 30% of VTEs, physical inactivity to 4%, current smoking to 3%, and Western dietary pattern to 11%. We also review possibilities for VTE primary prevention either through a high‐risk individual approach or a population‐wide approach. Interventions for outpatients at high VTE risk but without VTE provoking factors have not been fully tested; yet, improving patient awareness of risk and symptoms, lifestyle counseling, and possibly statins or direct oral anticoagulants may prove useful in primary prevention of unprovoked VTE. A population approach to prevention would bolster awareness of VTE and aim to shift lifestyle risk factors downward in the whole population using education, environmental changes, and policy. Assuming the epidemiological associations are accurate, causal, and independent of each other, a reduction of obesity, physical inactivity, current smoking, and Western diet by 25% in the general population might reduce the incidence of unprovoked VTE by 12%. We urge further research and consideration that primary prevention of unprovoked VTE may be a worthwhile public health aim.

Physical inactivity and other chronic disease-related lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Canadian youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e63
Author(s):  
R. Plotnikoff ◽  
N. Karunamuni ◽  
J. Spence ◽  
K. Storey ◽  
L. Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Lifestyle Risk
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