scholarly journals Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelet and Silver Nanoparticle on the Rheological Properties of WaterBased Mud †

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazlina Husin ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi ◽  
Zachary Aman
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Water Based

Water-based mud is known as an environmental-friendly drilling fluid system. The formulation of water-based mud is designed to have specific rheological properties under specific oil field conditions. In this study, graphene nanoplatelet and silver nanoparticle (nanosilver) were added to a water-based mud formulation in which they act as drilling mud additives. Rheological properties measurements and filtration tests were conducted for evaluating the influence of the added nanoparticles. The results showed that the graphene nanoplatelet and the nanosilver increased the plastic viscosity (PV) by up to 89.2% and 64.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, both the yield point (YP) and the fluid loss values were reduced. In addition, we believe this is the first result ever report where nanosilver is utilized for enhancing-enhanced water-based mud’s performance.

Modified Corn Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Rheology Enhancer and Fluid Loss Reducer for Water-Based Drilling Mud

SPE Journal ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ricky ◽  
Musa Mpelwa ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Bahati Hamad ◽  
Xingguang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Filtration Loss ◽  
Water Based

Summary Drilling fluid rheology and fluid loss property are fundamental parameters that dictate the effectiveness and easiness of a drilling operation. Maintaining these parameters under high temperatures is technically challenging and has been an exciting research area for the drilling industry. Nonetheless, the use of drilling mud additives, particularly synthetic polymers, threaten ecological environments. Herein, modified corn starch (MCS) was synthesized, characterized, and investigated as an environmentally friendly rheology enhancer and filtration loss controlling agent for water-based mud (WBM) at high temperatures. The experimental results indicated that MCS exhibits better performance in improving rheological properties and fluid loss controlling ability for WBM than the commonly used mud additives. With the addition of an optimal concentration (0.3 wt%), MCS improved the rheology and fluid loss behavior of WBM formulation at harsh aging temperature (220°C) by practically 4 times and 1.7 times, respectively. The MCS was revealed to perform superbly over polyanionic cellulose (PAC) addition at all investigated temperatures. The better performance of the MCS was ascribed to the improved entanglements in the mud system owing to the additional hydroxyl (OH) groups. Besides, the Herschel-Bulkley model was found to be a constitutive model that described the rheological properties of the investigated muds satisfactorily. Moreover, the MCS was found to exhibit acceptable biodegradability properties.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei H
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

scholarly journals Prediction of Formation Damage, Fluid Loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Corn Cob

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1269-1273
Author(s):  
Godwin Chukwuma Jacob Nmegbu ◽  
Bright Bariakpoa Kinate ◽  
Bari-Agara Bekee
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Water Based

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200oF. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formation damage was determined by the differences in the initial and final permeability of the core samples. Experimental data were used to develop analytical models that can serve as effective tool to predict fluid loss, rheological properties of the drilling mud at temperature up to 200oF and percentage formation damage at 100 psi.

scholarly journals Improving the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Moringa oleifera Leaves

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tecla C. Biwott ◽  
Onyewuchi Akaranta ◽  
Ambrose K. Kiprop ◽  
Oriji Boniface
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
Loss Control

This paper aimed at improving the water-based drilling mud using Moringa oleifera (M. Oleifera) plant leaves. The rheological properties (plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength) of the mud were measured using standard procedures. The mud weight was not affected by M. oleifera concentration (10.03-10.63 pounds per gallon (ppg)). pH of the formulated mud decreased by 28% with increasing concentration of the M. oleifera leaves. The highest PV (33cP) was recorded by mud with 1% M. oleifera leaves at 50ºC while the least value (22cP) was given by control mud at 70ºC temperature. Highest YP (57 1b/100ft2) was recorded by mud sample with 4% concentration of M. oleifera leaves while 1% gave the lowest YP value of 91b/100ft2 at 30ºC and 49ºC respectively.  Gel strength at 10 seconds showed improvement with 2% concentration of leaves by recording maximum of 5 1 b/100 ft2 at 70ºC while the lowest gel strength was recorded by 1% leaves concentration at 49ºC. A good gel strength (30.21 b/100 ft2) at 10 minutes was recorded by mud sample with 3% leaves of M. oleifera at temperature of 30ºC. The results indicated that the M. oleifera leaves significantly improved the rheological properties of the mud. It was also observed that the mud weight of formulated muds with M. oleifera leaves were not affected which leads to stability of the wellbore if the formulation is used.  These great result calls for the need to use M. oleifera leaves to improve rheological properties of the drilling mud. An investigation of M. oleifera as fluid loss control should be done as well as need to carry out isolation and characterization of the active ingredients from M. oleifera leaves so as to establish the compound (s) associated with its activity in drilling mud.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SYNTHETIC-BASED DRILLING MUD DISCHARGES TO BASS STRAIT, AUSTRALIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
G.W. Terrens ◽  
D. Gwyther ◽  
M.J. Keough
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Impact

Esso Australia Ltd. (Esso) on behalf of the Esso/BHP joint venture undertakes exploration and development drilling activities to produce oil and gas from the Gippsland Basin in eastern Bass Strait. As part of the environmental management of the operation, a field monitoring program was undertaken to verify the predicted limited effect on the seabed of the discharge of residual synthetic based mud (SBM) adhered to drill cuttings.Reservoir studies of the mature Fortescue oil field identified scope to more efficiently deplete existing reserves as well as develop undrained oil pools within the known reservoir system. As such, 18 additional wells were drilled from the Fortescue platform in 1994-1996 following the original development drilling program when 21 wells were drilled in 1983-1985.Esso's standard drilling fluid in Bass Strait is an environmentally acceptable water based mud (WBM). However, due to the high frictional forces involved the greater lubricating properties of a non-water based drilling mud were required to drill the long reach, high angle sections of seven of the additional wells. The ester SBM was chosen on the basis of its lubricity and biodegradability, to reduce any potential environmental effects from the persistence of non-water based mud in seabed sediments.A seabed monitoring program was undertaken around the Fortescue platform by taking seabed samples from August 1995 to August 1997 at sites along a transect following the predominant ocean current and at control sites, before, during and after the period in which SBM cuttings were discharged. The seabed sediments were measured for esters, barium, biological changes and grain size. Results show clearly the increase in esters concentration in sediments during drilling, then the rapid decrease after completion of cuttings discharge. After a recovery period of 11 months from completion of SBM drilling, SBM esters were not detected in sediments. Sediment barium concentration was also found to be elevated, but only after SBM had been used, indicating greater dispersion of WBM than the more cohesive SBM. The barium concentrations found generally do not have measurable effects on biota. The impact on the sediment biology was found to be limited to the sampling site 100 m from the platform discharge point with recovery evident within four months of completion of drilling.Mechanisms for recovery of the minimal zone of effect are thought to be a combination of the biodegradation of the ester SBM used and the physical seabed dispersion process evident in eastern Bass Strait generated by the continuous series of storms which pass through especially in winter.

Incorporation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Drilling Fluid Additives for Improved Drilling Operations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisis Vryzas ◽  
Omar Mahmoud ◽  
Hisham Nasr-El-Din ◽  
Vassilis Zaspalis ◽  
Vassilios C. Kelessidis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Custom Made

A successful drilling operation requires an effective drilling fluid system. Due to the variety of downhole conditions across the globe, the fluid system should be designed to meet complex challenges such as High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HPHT) environments, while promoting better productivity with a minimum interference for completion operations. This study aims to improve the rheological and fluid loss properties of water-bentonite suspensions by using both commercial (C-NP) and custom-made (CM-NP) iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NP) as drilling fluid additives. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Both types of nanoparticles were characterized by a High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Base fluid (BF), made of deionized water and bentonite at 7wt%, was prepared according to American Petroleum Institute (API) procedures and nanoparticles were added at 0.5wt%. A Couette-type viscometer was used to analyze the rheological characteristics of these fluids at different shear rates and various temperatures (up to 158°F). The rheological parameters were obtained from analysis of viscometric data using non-linear regression. The API Low-Pressure/Low-Temperature (LPLT) and HPHT fluid filtrate volumes were measured, using a standard API LPLT static filter press (100 psi, 77°F) and an API HPHT filter press (300 psi, 250°F). Observation of the porous matrix morphology of the produced filter cakes was done with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). TEM showed that the mean diameter of the CM-NP was 7–8 nm, with measured surface areas between 100–250 m2/g. The C-NP had an average diameter of <50 nm, as per manufacturer specifications. The XRD of the CM-NP revealed peaks corresponding to pure crystallites of magnetite (Fe3O4) with no impurities. Rheological analysis showed very good fitting by the Herschel-Bulkley model with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99. Rheological properties of all samples were affected by higher temperatures, with increase in yield stress, decrease in flow consistency index (K) and slight increase in flow behavior index (n). Fluid filtration results indicated a decrease in the LPLT fluid loss and an increase in the filter cake thickness compared to the BF upon addition of higher concentrations of C-NP, because of a decrease in filter cake permeability. At HPHT conditions, samples with 0.5wt% C-NP had a smaller fluid loss by 34.3%, compared to 11.9% at LPLT conditions. CM-NP exhibited even higher reduction in the fluid loss at HPHT conditions of 40%. Such drilling fluids can solve difficult drilling problems and aid in achieving the reservoir’s highest potential by eliminating the use of aggressive, potentially damaging chemicals. Exploitation of the synergistic interaction of the utilized components can produce a water-based system with excellent fluid loss characteristics while maintaining optimal rheological properties.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Monovalent and Divalent Salts on the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohenewaa K. Dankwa ◽  
Prince Opoku Appau ◽  
Eric Broni-Bediako
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Divalent Salts

Introduction:Drilling fluid selection plays a key role in preventing major problems encountered during drilling operations such as hole pack-off, stuck pipe and loss circulation. Mud contamination which results from the overtreatment of the mud system with additives or foreign material entering the mud system during drilling operations causes unwanted changes in the properties of the mud. This makes the mud system inefficient in performing its major roles. This research studies the effects of monovalent and divalent salts namely Potassium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, and Magnesium Chloride on the rheological properties of water-based mud system which is most vulnerable to contamination.Methods:Sixteen mud samples were formulated of which fifteen were contaminated each with different concentrations (0.75 g, 1.50 g, 2.50 g, 3.50 g, and 5.0 g) of the various salts at ambient temperature.Results:The results showed that the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and yield point of the mud samples decreased as the concentrations of various salts increase.Conclusion:It was concluded that increase in the concentration of the salts resulted in a decrease in the rheological properties of the mud samples. This indicates that with the monovalent and divalent salt contamination, there is a significant decline in the performance of drilling mud since the salts affect the dispersion, hydration and flocculation behaviour of the particles. The effect was more profound with CaCl2 and MgCl2 salts than the KCl salt.

scholarly journals Comparison between the Effect of Local Katira Gum and Xanthan Gum on the Rheological Properties of Water-based Drilling Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Bayan Qadir Sofy Hussein ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Ismael Sharbazheri ◽  
Nabil Adiel Tayeb Ubaid
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Property ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Water Based

The rheological properties of drilling fluids have an important role in providing a stable wellbore and eliminating the borehole problems. Several materials including polymers (xanthan gum) can be used to improve these properties. In this study, the effect of the local Katira, as a new polymer, on the rheological properties of the drilling fluids prepared as the bentonite-water-based mud has been investigated in comparison with the conventional xanthan gum. Experimental work was done to study of rheological properties of several gums such as, local katira gum, and xanthan gum bentonite drilling mud. Different samples of drilling fluids are prepared adding the xanthan gum and local katira to the base drilling fluid at different concentrations using Hamilton Beach mixer. The prepared samples are passed through rheological property tests including the apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and yield point (YP) under different temperature conditions. The obtained results show that the viscosity is increased from 5 to 8.5 cp and YP is increased from 18.5 to 30.5 lb/100 ft2, with increasing the concentration of the xanthan gum from 0.1 to 0.4. However, the effect of the local katira in increasing the viscosity and YP is lower compared with the xanthan gum, which are ranged between 5–6 cp and 18.5–20.5 cp.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of fluid loss and cake thickness control ability of zirconium (IV) oxide (Z_R O_2) nanoparticles in water based drilling mud.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anawe A. L. Paul ◽  
Folayan J. Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Effective Diameter ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Filtration Problem ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Cake Thickness ◽  
Water Based

A major technical and economical concern of the oil well drilling industry is the potential damage to productive formations because of excessive drilling fluid filtration and its multiplier effect on cake thickness. High fluid loss (high cake permeability) results in thick filter cake which reduces the effective diameter of the hole (tight holes) and causes various problems such as excessive torque when rotating the pipe, excessive drag when pulling it and high swab and surge pressures due to reduced hole diameter and differential pipe sticking due to increase in pipe contact.It is in this light that the potential of Zirconium (IV) oxide (Z_r O_2) nanoparticles in combating excessive filtration problem in Water Based Mud was investigated. Preliminary results show that addition of 0.50g (Z_r O_2) nanoparticle concentration brought about 19.10% reduction in fluid loss and 14.29 % reduction in cake thickness for the High Temperature/ High Pressure (HPHT) filtration test at 500psi and 250 OF. Similarly, the highest reduction of 48.31% and 38.10% in fluid loss and cake thickness respectively was achieved with addition of an optimum concentration of 2.0g of (Z_r O_2) nanoparticles for the HTHP filtration test at the same temperature and pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document