scholarly journals Microencapsulation of an Extract of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., with Antineoplastic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sandra Salazar-Aguilar ◽  
Lucero del Mar Ruiz-Posadas ◽  
Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Hela Cell Line ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Average Size ◽  
And Control ◽  
Therapeutic Administration

Microencapsulation is a technique used in pharmaceuticals as an administration vehicle. Encapsulating secondary metabolites for therapeutic purposes has been promoted recently. Microencapsulation based on chitosan was developed for the methanol extract of cv. Perla negra (S. edule (Jacq.) Sw.) (Cucurbitaceae) fruits to evaluate its viability as an administration vehicle and to assess the possible negative interaction between the extract and chitosan. Microencapsulation was performed by coacervation, implementing a method with constant sonication. The microparticles obtained were registered by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy. The presence of the bioactive in aqueous medium was recorded for release tests, measuring with spectrophotometry its concentration as a function of time. The assessment of the biological effect of the microencapsulated extract was done on the HeLa cell line and control cells (lymphocytes). Microspheres with an average size of 20 µm and a loading capacity of 98% were obtained. The highest concentration of released extract was 24 µg mL−1 at 23 h. The mainly chitosan-based microspheres did not affect the antiproliferative activity of the extract of cv. Perla negra and proved to be a potential vehicle for its therapeutic administration. The empty microspheres made with chitosan also showed to have an antiproliferative effect, and those loaded with extract showed cellular inhibition (statistical IC50) of 8 µg mL−1 without affecting the lymphocytes. Chitosan does not interfere with the biological activity of the metabolites incorporated into the microspheres since they retain their inhibitory activity on proliferation in tumor cells, thus constituting a potential vehicle for the therapeutic administration of fruit extract.

scholarly journals Tetrandrine alleviates silicosis by inhibiting canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lung macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-yue Song ◽  
Jia-xin Wang ◽  
You-liang Sun ◽  
Zhi-fa Han ◽  
Yi-tian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Lung Macrophages ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Function Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Therapeutic Administration

AbstractSilicosis caused by inhalation of silica particles leads to more than ten thousand new occupational exposure-related deaths yearly. Exacerbating this issue, there are currently few drugs reported to effectively treat silicosis. Tetrandrine is the only drug approved for silicosis treatment in China, and despite more than decades of use, its efficacy and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, in this study, we established silicosis mouse models to investigate the effectiveness of tetrandrine of early and late therapeutic administration. To this end, we used multiple cardiopulmonary function test, as well as markers for inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, using single cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomics of lung tissue and quantitative microarray analysis of serum from silicosis and control mice, our results provide a novel description of the target pathways for tetrandrine. Specifically, we found that tetrandrine attenuated silicosis by inhibiting both the canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in lung macrophages. Taken together, our work showed that tetrandrine yielded promising results against silicosis-associated inflammation and fibrosis and further lied the groundwork for understanding its molecular targets. Our results also facilitated the wider adoption and development of tetrandirne, potentially accelerating a globally accepted therapeutic strategy for silicosis.

scholarly journals Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Siska ◽  
Diene Roufiani ◽  
Ema Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antiallergic Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced.  Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.

A Novel Green Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC Fruit Extract and Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5323-5333
Author(s):  
Dr. Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana ◽  
Ramya Jayendra ◽  
Arpitha Narayan ◽  
Meghana Siddappa Konasur
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Tabebuia Rosea ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Plant based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly nature and abundance of applications. In the present investigation , antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of aqueous extract of Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC (T. rosea) fruit extract has been investigated. Agar disc diffusion method was used for determining the antimicrobial activity of selected aqueous fruit extract AgNPs. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous fruit extract of T. rosea fruit revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, Vitamin-C, proteins and terpenoids. AgNPs synthesis using T. rosea aqueous fruit extract and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 420 nm and average size of 82.9 nm, FT-IR analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, EDX and X-ray diffraction analysis. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs recorded the more potent activity against selected human bacterial pathogens. The results obtained indicated that the fruit extract of T. rosea as well as AgNPs have strong and effective antibacterial potential that provide marvelous source for the development of new drug molecules of herbal origin which may be used for the welfare of humanity.

scholarly journals Chemical analyses and in vitro and in vivo toxicity of fruit methanol extract of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1638-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Cadena-Íñiguez ◽  
Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio ◽  
Guadalupe Gómez-García ◽  
Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Sechium Edule

The maize transcription factor Sn alters proanthocyanidin synthesis in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Damiani ◽  
Francesco Paolocci ◽  
Paul D. Cluster ◽  
Sergio Arcioni ◽  
Gregory J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binary Vector ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Gus Gene ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Transformed Plants ◽  
And Control

Lotus corniculatus L. plants were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector carrying the maize Sn regulatory gene driven by the 35S promoter. These plants showed modifications in the pattern of accumulation of proanthocyanidin (PA). All the transformed plants but one showed an increase in PA content in the root relative to control untransformed and control gus gene transformed plants (C). With respect to the PAaccumulation in leaves, Sn transgenic plants were grouped in two classes: suppressed (S), that showed a consistent reduction of foliar PAcontent, and unsuppressed (U) that did not differ significantly from controls. Dihydroflavanol reductase (DFR) and leucocyanidin reductase (LAR) enzyme activities in S and U plant leaves mirrored the changes seen with foliar PA accumulation. LAR activity in the roots was consistent with the root PA levels. Mature Sn mRNA accumulated in the leaves of U plants, but not in leaves of S plants; however, leaves of both S and U plants were able to initiate Sn transcription. All Sn-transformed plants accumulated Sn message in root tissue. A possible negative interaction of Sn and an unidentified homologous endogene is proposed for explaining the behaviour of S plants.

scholarly journals Synergistic Cytotoxicity Effect by Combination of Methanol Extract of Parijoto Fruit (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. ex. Bl) and Cisplatin Against Hela Cell Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Anif Nur Artanti ◽  
Umi Hanik Pujiastuti ◽  
Fea Prihapsara ◽  
Rita Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Hela Cell Line ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Synergistic Cytotoxicity ◽  
Combinational Treatment

As one of the leading causes of death in worldwide, cervical cancer requires the effective therapies to reduce its mortality rate. One of the chemotherapy agents that frequently used in the treatment is cisplatin. However, due to drug resistance and its side effects, an agent that can be combined with cisplatin is needed. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Reinw.ex.Bl) contains secondary metabolites compounds that have potential as anticancer. The study aims to determine the cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of Parijoto fruit calculated from the IC50 value and the synergicity of the combinational treatment with cisplatin evaluated from the Combination Index (CI) value and its cell viability by using MTT assay. Results showed that methanol extract of Parijoto fruit (MEP) performed cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell line with IC50 of 209.6 μg/mL while the value of IC50 of cisplatin against HeLa cells amounted to 12.8 μg/mL. The combination of 26.205 ppm (1/8 IC50) of MEP and 1.601 ppm (1/8 IC50) of Cisplatin performed synergistic effect on HeLa cell line with the CI value of 0.69. From the above results, it can be concluded that MEP is potential as co-chemotherapy agent based on the synergistic cytotoxicity effect with cisplatin.Keyword: cytotoxic, Medinilla speciosa, cisplatin, co-chemotherapy, MTT

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS FORMULASI BIOHERBISIDA EKSTRAK BUAH LERAK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ADJUVAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN GULMA Ludwigia octovalvis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Hidayat Pujisiswanto ◽  
Sunyoto Sunyoto ◽  
Nanik Sriyani ◽  
Melinda Tri Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

The abundance of weeds in cultivated land can directly inhibit competition of plants growth. Weed control using bioherbicides is one of eco-friendly alternative. This research aims to determine the bioherbicide formulation of lerak fruit extract with the addition of adjuvants which can inhibit the germination of Ludwigia octovalvis. The research was conducted at the Weed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung in December 2019 - March 2020. The researcher used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications.  The research treatments consisted of lerak fruit extract + KAO adjuvant, lerak fruit extract + VCO, lerak fruit extract + Tween, pure lerak fruit extract, and control (aquades). The results showed that the application of 50% (500 g / l) lerak fruit extract with the addition of VCO, KAO, and Tween adjuvants at a concentration of 2% (20 ml/l) was able to inhibit weed germination Ludwigia octovalvis by 95%-100%. The application of lerak fruit extract with the addition of a 2% concentration of VCO adjuvant was the most effective in inhibiting weed germination Ludwigia octovalvis. Keywords : adjuvants, Bioherbicide, Sapindus rarak, Ludwigia octovalvis, weed

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF QUERCETIN-LOADED LIPOSOMES PREPARED BY SONICATION FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
NUR AMALINA RAMLI ◽  
◽  
NORA’AINI ALI ◽  
SOFIAH HAMZAH
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Probe Sonication

This research was intended to synthesize liposome as a nanocarrier to encapsulate quercetin, which is prone to degradation and susceptible to low bioavailability upon oral administration. The liposomes were synthesized by thin-film hydration method and followed by probe sonication for downsizing. Soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) were employed as the composition of the phospholipid bilayer. Results indicated a dependence of sonication amplitude and time in the formation of free liposomes (FL). The average size of quercetin-loaded liposomes (QL) prepared was 346.4 nm with a narrow polydispersity index (0.22) and a high magnitude of zeta potential (-49.6 mV). These characterizations depict that a homogenous nanovesicle suspension with high stability was successfully synthesized. Quercetin was incorporated into the liposomes with a high encapsulation efficiency of 90.7% and loading capacity of 9.3%. This viable nanocarrier perhaps will provide ingenious protection for a wider spectrum of active agents in food and biopharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic effect of hydro-methanol extract of Prunus cerasus L fruits and identification of its bioactive compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Gong Xiao ◽  
Xiangcheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Vitamins E And C

Purpose: To investigate the antidiabetic effect of hydro-methanol extract of Prunus cerasus fruit extract. Methods: The antidiabetic activity was assessed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effect of P. cerasus fruit extract on plasma fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, C-peptide, total protein, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total hemoglobin, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamins E and C, ceruloplasmin, lipid profile, histology of the pancreas, and expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) were determined using standard procedures. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for phytochemical analysis. Results: Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly reduced plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, total hemoglobin and total protein, and significantly increased FBG and HbA1c levels (p < 0.05). However, after treatment with the extract, changes in the levels of these parameters were significantly and dosedependently reversed (p < 0.05). The extract also increased the levels of GSH, vitamins E and C, and. Alloxan-induced DM significantly increased the levels of triacylglycerols (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and significantly reduced the level of total cholesterol (TC) at different time points (p < 0.05). However, after treatment, the levels of TG, LDL-C and HDL-C declined but TC level was significantly elevated time- and dose-dependently by the extract (p< 0.05). The extract upregulated the expression of GLUT-4 mRNA in soleus muscle and adipose tissue. LC-MS analysis revealed that the extract contained chlorogenic acid, rutin, diadzin, amygdalin, quercetin and naringenin. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study have shown that hydromethanol extract of P. cerasus fruits exhibits remarkable antidiabetic effects.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia) PADA MORTALITAS LARVA Aedes aegypti

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandung Prakoso ◽  
Agus Aulung ◽  
Mila Citrawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Melon Fruit ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a major worldwide public health problem. Biolarvicide is a strategy to suppress the incidence of DHF. Bitter melon fruit contains biochemical constituents such as alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, and momordicine which have larvicidal effect. This study was aimed to know the effectivity of bitter melon fruit extract as a larvicide of Aedesaegypti larva. The design of this study was experimental. The sample of this study was bitter melon fruit extract. There were 4 concentrationsof bitter melon extract used i.e., 0,8%, 1,6%, 3,2%, 6,4%, and negative control. This study used bioassay method with 20 instar III and IV larvas of Aedesaegypti put into container and were incubated for 24 hours. According to result of Kruskall-Wallis test (p = 0,005) there was a signifcant difference effectof bitter melon extractonthe mortality of Aedesaegypti larva. The result of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was asignifcant difference in the effectivity among the concentrationsof bitter melon extract being compared and control solution. The result of probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 values were 1,207% and 2,759%, respectively. According to this study, bitter melon fruit extract has larvicide effectonthe mortality of Aedesaegypti.

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