scholarly journals The Influence of Transitional Metal Dopants on Reducing Chlorine Evolution during the Electrolysis of Raw Seawater

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11911
Author(s):  
Prajwal Adiga ◽  
Nathan Doi ◽  
Cindy Wong ◽  
Daniel M. Santosa ◽  
Li-Jung Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Anodic Reaction ◽  
Chlorine Evolution ◽  
Electrolytic Hydrogen ◽  
Marine Hydrokinetic

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a possible route to the expanded generation of green hydrogen; however, a long-term challenge is the requirement of fresh water as an electrolyzer feed. The use of seawater as a direct feed for electrolytic hydrogen production would alleviate fresh water needs and potentially open an avenue for locally generated hydrogen from marine hydrokinetic or off-shore power sources. One environmental limitation to seawater electrolysis is the generation of chlorine as a competitive anodic reaction. This work evaluates transition metal (W, Co, Fe, Sn, and Ru) doping of Mn-Mo-based catalysts as a strategy to suppress chlorine evolution while sustaining catalytic efficiency. Electrochemical evaluations in neutral chloride solution and raw seawater showed the promise of a novel Mn-Mo-Ru electrode system for oxygen evolution efficiency and enhanced catalytic activity. Subsequent stability testing in a flowing raw seawater flume highlighted the need for improved catalyst stability for long-term applications of Mn-Mo-Ru catalysts. This work highlights that elements known to be selective toward chlorine evolution in simple oxide form (e.g., RuO2) may display different trends in selectivity when used as isolated dopants, where Ru suppressed chlorine evolution in Mn-based catalysts.

scholarly journals Stabilizing the framework of SAPO-34 zeolite toward long-term methanol-to-olefins conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Weili Dai ◽  
Yueying Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool ◽  
Intrinsic Good

AbstractAs a commercial MTO catalyst, SAPO-34 zeolite exhibits excellent recyclability probably due to its intrinsic good hydrothermal stability. However, the structural dynamic changes of SAPO-34 catalyst induced by hydrocarbon pool (HP) species and the water formed during the MTO conversion as well as its long-term stability after continuous regenerations are rarely investigated and poorly understood. Herein, the dynamic changes of SAPO-34 framework during the MTO conversion were identified by 1D 27Al, 31P MAS NMR, and 2D 31P-27Al HETCOR NMR spectroscopy. The breakage of T-O-T bonds in SAPO-34 catalyst during long-term continuous regenerations in the MTO conversion could be efficiently suppressed by pre-coking. The combination of catalyst pre-coking and water co-feeding is established to be an efficient strategy to promote the catalytic efficiency and long-term stability of SAPO-34 catalysts in the commercial MTO processes, also sheds light on the development of other high stable zeolite catalyst in the commercial catalysis.

The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Hao ◽  
Yanjie Yi ◽  
Youming Li ◽  
Yi Hou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

Abstract A green and economically viable route without any additional activation agents and templates has been developed to synthesize biomass-derived nanoporous carbon for superior electric double-layer capacitors via direct pyrolysis of dried black liquor powders, which is the main waste in pulping and paper-making industry. The resulting carbon materials present hierarchical porosity and moderate specific surface area of 1134  m 2 g − 1 {\text{m}^{2}}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} , as well as multi-heteroatoms co-doping such as N, S, Na and K, which exist originally in black liquor. When evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the-prepared carbon samples deliver a significantly high gravimetric capacitance of 331  F g − 1 \text{F}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} at 0.5  A g − 1 \text{A}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor also possesses a gravimetric capacitance of 211  F g − 1 \text{F}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} at 0.5  A g − 1 \text{A}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{g}^{-1}} , with an impressive long-term cycling stability of 92 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. This work explores a suitable and scalable approach for mass production of high-performance electrode materials with industrial wastes on the base of cost-efficiency and environment-friendship.

scholarly journals Screen-printed Paper-based Three-electrode System with Long-term Stable and Instantaneously Usable Reference Electrode

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1502-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Shitanda ◽  
Masato Komoda ◽  
Yoshinao Hoshi ◽  
Masayuki Itagaki
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Screen Printed

Development of a Convolutional Neural Network Assisted Fiber Optics Based Passive Structural Health Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainulla Khan ◽  
Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Fbg Sensors ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The continuous Non-Destructive Evaluation of assets for long-term assurance of performance has led to several developments over the deployment of a Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. Considering the challenges involved under the implementation of an SHM system for the applications working under harsh environmental conditions with limited access to power sources this work is aimed to contribute towards overcoming those challenges by using the noise from the structure’s machinery or any ambient source as an alternative energy source and employing Fiber Optics based sensing, for its applicability under harsh environments. The required SHM system is realized with the cross-correlation of a fully diffused noise field, sensed using the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors at two random locations. With no control on the input received as noise, to this end, a method is developed based on a Deep Learning framework, which is aimed towards a Universal Deployment of the passive SHM system. The methodology is designed to perform the health monitoring of the system, independent of the input perturbations. The validation performed on simulation data has demonstrated the feasibility of the developed technique towards the required kind of passive SHM system.

scholarly journals Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection–laboratory and field studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Smyth ◽  
Susan D. Hovorka ◽  
Jiemin Lu ◽  
Katherine D. Romanak ◽  
Judson W. Partin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Co2 Injection

scholarly journals Cardiac Assist Devices: Early Concepts, Current Technologies, and Future Innovations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooli Han ◽  
Dennis Trumble
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Cardiac Assist ◽  
Cardiac Assist Device ◽  
Cardiac Assist Devices ◽  
Blood Pumps

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a debilitating condition that afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide and is responsible for more deaths each year than all cancers combined. Because donor hearts for transplantation are in short supply, a safe and durable means of mechanical circulatory support could extend the lives and reduce the suffering of millions. But while the profusion of blood pumps available to clinicians in 2019 tend to work extremely well in the short term (hours to weeks/months), every long-term cardiac assist device on the market today is limited by the same two problems: infections caused by percutaneous drivelines and thrombotic events associated with the use of blood-contacting surfaces. A fundamental change in device design is needed to address both these problems and ultimately make a device that can support the heart indefinitely. Toward that end, several groups are currently developing devices without blood-contacting surfaces and/or extracorporeal power sources with the aim of providing a safe, tether-free means to support the failing heart over extended periods of time.

Application of Nano- TiO2 Used in Road Engineering and its Long-Term Decomposition Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lun Wang ◽  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Hai Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Uv Aging ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Nanometer Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Over Time

With the widely research of nano-TiO2, researchers have found another way of managing air quality. As an excellent photocatalyst material, nanometer titanium dioxide has begun to be used in road engineering in recent years. In this paper, substantial gas decomposition tests are performed utilizing the self-designed sealed container and UV aging box. At first, the catalytic efficiencies of nanometer titanium dioxide dispersed in silane solvent and in asphalt mixture were compared. The results show that nanometer titanium dioxide is able to decompose CO, HC and NO after being dispersed in silane solvent and asphalt mixture. To achieve the same catalytic efficiency, the amount of the nanometer titanium dioxide dispersed in silane solvent is much less than that in asphalt mixture. For asphalt mixture, high void fraction may mean high catalytic efficiency. Then the long-term decomposition of asphalt mixture was discussed. The asphalt mixture still has good catalytic decomposition effect after six months. The catalytic effect of asphalt mixture does not diminish over time and the effect of decomposing HC has improved after six months. At last, for cement paint, the catalytic effect of decomposing NO and HC does not diminish over time, but the effect of decomposing CO reduces.

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