scholarly journals Effect of Selected Cations and B Vitamins on the Biosynthesis of Carotenoids by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Yeast in the Media with Agro-Industrial Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11886
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kot ◽  
Stanisław Błażejak ◽  
Rita Brzezińska ◽  
Wioletta Sęk ◽  
Marek Kieliszek
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Β Carotene

In recent years, there has been an increase in the search for novel raw materials for the production of natural carotenoids. Among yeasts, Rhodotorula species have the ability to synthesize carotenoids, mainly β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin, depending on the culture conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of selected cations (barium, zinc, aluminum, manganese) and B vitamins (biotin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid) on the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MK1 and estimate the percentages of β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin synthesized by the yeast. The cultivation was carried out in a medium containing glycerol (waste resulting from biodiesel production) as a carbon source and potato wastewater (waste resulting from potato starch production) as a nitrogen source. Carotenoid biosynthesis was stimulated by the addition of aluminum (300 mg/L) or aluminum (300 mg/L) and niacin (100 µg/L) to the medium. The number of carotenoids produced by R. mucilaginosa MK1 in the medium containing only aluminum and in the medium with aluminum and niacin was 146.7 and 180.5 µg/gd.m., respectively. This content was 101% and 147% higher compared to the content of carotenoids produced by yeast grown in the control medium (73.0 µg/gd.m.). The addition of aluminum and barium seemed to have a positive effect on the biosynthesis of torulene, and the percentage of this compound increased from 31.86% to 75.20% and 68.24%, respectively. Niacin supplementation to the medium increased the percentage of torularhodin produced by the yeast from 23.31% to 31.59–33.79%. The conducted study showed that there is a possibility of intensifying carotenoid biosynthesis by red yeast and changing the percentages of individual carotenoids fractions by adding cations or B vitamins to the medium. Further research is needed to explain the mechanism of action of niacin on the stimulation of torularhodin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Diego Cardoza ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Teresa Martínez ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

scholarly journals How Far Away Are World Economies from Circularity: Assessing the Capacity of Circular Economy Policy Packages in the Operation of Raw Materials and Industrial Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4394
Author(s):  
Margarita Ignatyeva ◽  
Vera Yurak ◽  
Alexey Dushin ◽  
Vladimir Strovsky ◽  
Sergey Zavyalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Degree Level ◽  
The Eu

Nowadays, circular economy (CE) is on the agenda, however, this concept of closed supply chains originated in the 1960s. The current growing quantity of studies in this area accounts for different discourses except the holistic one, which mixes both approaches—contextual and operating (contextual approach utilizes the thorough examination of the CE theory, stricture of the policy, etc.; the operating one uses any kind of statistical data)—to assess the capacity of circular economy regulatory policy packages (CERPP) in operating raw materials and industrial wastes. This article demonstrates new guidelines for assessing the degree level of capacity (DLC) of CERPPs in the operation of raw materials and industrial wastes by utilizing the apparatus of the fuzzy set theory. It scrupulously surveys current CERPPs in three regions: the EU overall, Finland and Russia; and assesses for eight regions—the EU overall, Finland, Russia, China, Greece, France, the Netherlands and South Korea—the DLC of CERPPs in operating raw materials and industrial wastes. The results show that EU is the best in CE policy and its CERPP is 3R. The following are South Korea and China with the same type of CERPP. Finland, France and the Netherlands have worse results than EU with the type of CERPP called “integrated waste management” because of the absence of a waste hierarchy (reduce, recover, recycle). Russia closes the list with the type of CERPP “basic waste management”.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Choline Chloride for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Degumming Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manurung ◽  
Taslim ◽  
A.G.A. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Biochemical Analysis of Perianths and Coronas Reveal Flower Color Formation in Narcissus pseudonarcissus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Dongqin Tang ◽  
Hui Du ◽  
Yimin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Β Carotene

Narcissus pseudonarcissus is an important bulbous plant with white or yellow perianths and light yellow to orange-red coronas, but little is known regarding the biochemical and molecular basis related to flower color polymorphisms. To investigate the mechanism of color formation, RNA-Seq of flower of two widely cultured cultivars (‘Slim Whitman’ and ‘Pinza’) with different flower color was performed. A total of 84,463 unigenes were generated from the perianths and coronas. By parallel metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we provide an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in N. pseudonarcissus. The results showed that the content of carotenoids in the corona was higher than that in the perianth in both cultivars. Accordingly, phytoene synthase (PSY) transcripts have a higher abundance in the coronas than that in perianths. While the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, like GGPPS, PSY, and LCY-e, were not significantly different between two cultivars. In contrast, the carotenoid degradation gene NpCCD4 was highly expressed in white-perianth cultivars, but was hardly detected in yellow-perianth cultivars. Silencing of NpCCD4 resulted in a significant increase in carotenoid accumulation, especially in all-trans-β-carotene. Therefore, we presume that NpCCD4 is a crucial factor that causes the low carotenoid content and color fading phenomenon of ‘Slim Whitman’ by mediating carotenoid turnover. Our findings provide mass RNA-seq data and new insights into carotenoid metabolism in N. pseudonarcissus.

Characterization of a novel Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase tolerant to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alesandra Oriente ◽  
Robson Tramontina ◽  
Diandra de Andrades ◽  
Caroline Henn ◽  
Jose L. C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Fermentation Inhibitors ◽  
State Culture ◽  
Solid State Culture ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest Biome ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

AbstractProperties of beta-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger URM 6642 recently isolated from the Atlantic rainforest biome and its potential tolerance to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors was evaluated. The fungus was cultivated under solid state culture conditions at 37°C with different agro-industrial wastes. High levels of beta-glucosidase (3778.9 U g

Nutrient content of liquid milk

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. John Scott ◽  
Dinah R. Bishop ◽  
Alicja Zechalko ◽  
John D. Edwards-Webb ◽  
Patricia A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Channel Island ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Β Carotene

SummaryA survey was undertaken to update and extend available information on the vitamin content of pasteurized milk as produced at processing dairies in mainland UK and to investigate regional, seasonal and breed effects. The concentration of total retinol in milk from non-Channel Island (NCI) breeds averaged 61·9 βg/100g in summer and 41·2 βg/100g in winter. Concentrations of β-carotene were 31·5 and 10·5 βg/100g in summer and winter respectively. Concentrations of retinol in milk from Channel Island (CI) breeds were similar, but concentrations of β-carotene were on average 3 times higher. The concentration of vitamin D3 in milk from NCI breeds was 0·033 βg/100g in summer and 0·026 βg/100g in winter. There was no marked seasonal variation in the mean concentration of total vitamin C (14·5 βg/ml). Values for the concentration of B vitamins (βg/ml) were: folic acid 0·060, vitamin B12 0·0042, riboflavin 1·78, nicotinic acid 0·71, pantothenic acid 3·60, biotin 0·020, thiamin 0·46 and vitamin B6 0·61. Seasonal variation in the concentration was most marked for folic acid (c.v. 17·4%) and to a lesser extent for vitamin B12 (c.v. 10·3%). The only breed differences in the B vitamin content were for riboflavin and folic acid, the mean values obtained for milk from CI breeds being respectively 20 and 10 % higher than those from NCI breeds.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Fundamentals and Technical Solutions for Recovery of Non-ferrous and Rare Metals from Industrial Wastes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Kozlov ◽  
A.M. Panshin ◽  
L.I. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Waelz Process ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for zinc and a range of zinc-related metals (for example: lead; indium; tin; cadmium; and copper) in the Russian Federation cannot be satisfied by the existing production plants due to the lack of raw materials. At the same time, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and the chemical industry have accumulated hundreds of millions of tons of zinc wastes (falling into the hazard categories 2 to 4), the processing of which could not only make up the raw material base, but also improve the environmental situation. In the world, over 85% of ferrous dust is recycled using the Waelz process. The Waeltz process is used for distilling separation of elements under reducing conditions. In this study, a block diagram for production of the following elements from industrial wastes is proposed: zinc, cadmium and indium in form of massive metals; zinc and indium in the form of fine powders; and clinker as a raw material for cement production. The technical and scientific details of this new process have been patented in the Russian Federation and abroad. For the first time, the following operations have been implemented with the use of large-sized Waelz kilns: vapour-oxidized Waeltz treatment of polymetallic wastes; recycling of heat from gases and solid products with generation of process fumes; and implementation of alternative flux (dolomite) and alternative fuel (petroleum coke). Keywords: Waelz process, industrial wastes, heat recycling, vapour-oxidized Waelz processing

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE IN VITRO MORPHOGENETIC RESPONSE FROM SHOOT AND CALLUS CULTURES OF Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Trang Phuong Nguyen Thi ◽  
Quang Minh Bui ◽  
Hai Duc Le ◽  
Linh Quoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex. Roth is a short-term plant which contains many important secondarycompounds with high medicinal value. Currently, most of the researches focus on chemical composition and pharmacological activity, but the source of raw materials is very limited. In this study, the first step is transferring the samples from nature into in vitro culture conditions to understand the effects of the factors related to shooting and callus morphogenesis was performed, the first node from shoots apical meristem was isolated and sterilized with 1.5% NaOCl for 20 minutes to achieve high efficiency with 86.11% sterile samples and 85.56% shoot growth rate after 2 weeks of culture on MS medium. The shoot generation from axillary shoots was continued to be investigated with the highest number of shoots formed on MS medium supplemented with BA (1 mg / l) showed 1.53 shoots/implant which the height and the number of leavesare 3.65cm and 6.67, respectively. Besides, the formation of callus from leaves of MS medium supplemented with 2.4 - D (0.25 mg / l) achieved the rate of 66.67% of cultured samples, forming good callus after 4 weeks of culture. The results of the study not only contribute importantly to understanding morphogenesis for micropropagation purposes but also serve as the scientific database for further studies at the cellular and molecular levels of this plant.

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

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