scholarly journals Object Localization and Tracking System Using Multiple Ultrasonic Sensors with Newton–Raphson Optimization and Kalman Filtering Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11243
Author(s):  
Chung-Wei Juan ◽  
Jwu-Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Object Localization ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Range Measurement ◽  
Signal Envelope ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Localization And Tracking ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

In this paper, an object localization and tracking system is implemented with an ultrasonic sensing technique and improved algorithms. The system is composed of one ultrasonic transmitter and five receivers, which uses the principle of ultrasonic ranging measurement to locate the target object. This system has several stages of locating and tracking the target object. First, a simple voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm is used to detect the ultrasonic echo signal of each receiving channel, and then a demodulation method with a low-pass filter is used to extract the signal envelope. The time-of-flight (TOF) estimation algorithm is then applied to the signal envelope for range measurement. Due to the variations of position, direction, material, size, and other factors of the detected object and the signal attenuation during the ultrasonic propagation process, the shape of the echo waveform is easily distorted, and TOF estimation is often inaccurate and unstable. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of TOF estimation, a new method of TOF estimation by fitting the general (GN) model and the double exponential (DE) model on the suitable envelope region using Newton–Raphson (NR) optimization with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) modification (NRLM) is proposed. The final stage is the object localization and tracking. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed, which inherently considers the interference and outlier problems of range measurement, and effectively reduces the interference to target localization under critical measurement conditions. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by the experimental evaluation of conditions, such as stationary pen localization, stationary finger localization, and moving finger tracking. The experimental results verify the performance of the system and show that the system has a considerable degree of accuracy and stability for object localization and tracking.

scholarly journals Computational Simulation - Design & Analysis Functionality of Grid Connected (GC) Photo Voltaic (PV) System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Photo Voltaic

The electrical power produced via photo-voltaic (PV) array relies largely on weather conditions. In this paper, we presented a continuous state functionality of the PV gridconnected (GC) unit at distinct solar irradiances. The presented model is developed on MATLAB environment, which includes the PV array using an improved perturb and observe (MP&O) tracking system interconnected to DC to DC boosting conversion application, the 3-phase 3 level electric power inverter which usually associated to the utility grid using low pass filter, coupled transformer and synchronous control mechanism of PV inverter. The presented model is lab-created within day-by- day climatic conditions to estimate its working mechanism. The simulation results of the proposed system satisfy requirements grid performance with high power quality. In the proposed work number of cell modules used 90, number of parallel strings 60, maximum PV output voltage1000wb/m2 at 274 V, minimum voltage at 600 wb/m2 at 250V, maximum power at 1000 wb/m2-100 kw, and minimum power at 600 wb/m2-57 kw.

Motion Trajectory Tracking Method for Vehicle Steering Based on Dynamic Surface Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Huan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Dynamic Surface Control ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
High Order Derivative ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
The Stability

Focus on the problem of steering trajectory tracking, a tracking control law based on dynamic surface is proposed. Other than existing methods, this paper considers combined lateral position and yaw synchronously control. The first order low pass filter is used to obtain the differential items of the lateral position and yaw, so as to eliminate the high order derivative from the final expression of the close loop law. This characteristic is very useful especially in real applications. The Lyapunov approach is employed to analysis the stability of the tracking system, and the convergence of the system is achieve. Simulation result validates the outstanding effectiveness of the proposed method for steering trajectory tracking.

Driver Design of the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer for Wire Bonding Based on Direct Digital Synthesis Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 697-698 ◽  
pp. 809-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jie Zhang ◽  
Fu Jun Wang ◽  
Y.Y. Hou ◽  
D.W. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Signal ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Direct Digital Synthesis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Frequency Tracking

In order to design a driver of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer which can provide high quality ultrasonic signal and be able to realize the frequency tracking rapidly, accurately and intelligently during the bonding process, the ATmega128 microcontroller and AD9851 synthesizer are selected as core components to build an ultrasonic generator and frequency tracking system. The basic circuit units including low pass filter, power amplifier, signal detection and conversion circuits are also established. The test results of the system shows that, based on DDS technology, high quality ultrasonic signal for transducer can be achieved. By combining the two kinds of frequency tracking methods, the system can realize the frequency tracking during the bonding process. It also indicates that the design significantly improve the precision and flexibility of the ultrasonic generator system.

Mono-Objective Optimization of a Photovoltaic Tracking System with LPF Controllers

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Cătălin Alexandru
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
External Loop ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
The Difference

The work deals with the optimal design of a single-axis solar tracker, which is used to adjust the daily position of a photovoltaic system in order to capture as much as possible solar radiation. The two main components of the solar tracker (the mechanical device and the control system) have been coupled (integrated) in the concurrent engineering concept. For assuring high stability and robustness, the control system is a cascaded two-loop employing LPF (Low-Pass Filter) controllers. The controlled parameter in the main (external) loop is the daily angle of the photovoltaic platform, while in the secondary (internal) loop the linear velocity in the driving actuator is monitored. The mono-objective optimization problem is described in the following way: to minimize the difference between the imposed and current daily angle (thus preserving a high energetic efficiency of the tracking system), considering the controllers’ gains as independent design parameters.

Design of Programmable Wideband Low Pass Filter with Continuous-Time/Discrete-Time Hybrid Architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol E100.C (10) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei MORISHITA ◽  
Koichi MIZUNO ◽  
Junji SATO ◽  
Koji TAKINAMI ◽  
Kazuaki TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass

ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF A PLANAR LOW - PASS FILTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579-2586
Author(s):  
Adina Racasan ◽  
Calin Munteanu ◽  
Vasile Topa ◽  
Claudia Pacurar ◽  
Claudia Hebedean
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass
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