scholarly journals The Synthesis of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fe-Al Intermetallic Compounds by Ball Milling and Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8877
Author(s):  
Roberto Ademar Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
Sergio Rubén Gonzaga Segura ◽  
José Luis Reyes Barragán ◽  
Víctor Ravelero Vázquez ◽  
Arturo Molina Ocampo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Uniform Dispersion

In this study, a nano-composite material of a nanostructured Al-based matrix reinforced with Fe40Al intermetallic particles was produced by ball milling. During the non-equilibria processing, the powder mixtures with the compositions of Al-XFe40Al (X = 5, 10, and 15 vol. %) were mechanically milled under a low energy regime. The processed Al-XFe40Al powder mixtures were subjected to uniaxial pressing at room temperature. Afterward, the specimens were subjected to a sintering process under an inert atmosphere. In this thermal treatment, the specimens were annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The sintering process was performed under an argon atmosphere. The crystallite size of the Al decreased as the milling time advanced. This behavior was observed in the three specimens. During the ball milling stage, the powder mixtures composed of Al-XFe40Al did not experience a mechanochemical reaction that could lead to the generation of secondary phases. The crystallite size of the Al displayed a predominant tendency to decrease during the ball milling process. The microstructure of the consolidated specimens indicated a uniform dispersion of the intermetallic reinforcement phases in the Al matrix. Moreover, according to the Vickers microhardness tests, the hardness varied linearly with the increase in the concentration of the Fe40Al intermetallic phase present in the composite material. The presented graphs indicate that the hardness increased almost linearly with the increasing dislocation density and with the reduction in grain sizes (both occurring during the non-equilibria processing). The microstructural and mechanical properties reported in this paper provide the aluminum matrix composite materials with the ideal conditions to be considered candidates for applications in the automotive and aeronautical industries.

scholarly journals Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite from Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O, CaO, Ca(OH)2, and P2O5 Mixtures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Sneha Dinda ◽  
Ajay Bhagavatam ◽  
Husam Alrehaili ◽  
Guru Prasad Dinda
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite

This paper reports the progress of the mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) starting from six different powder mixtures containing Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O, CaO, Ca(OH)2, and P2O5. The reaction kinetics of HA phase formation during high-energy ball milling was systematically investigated. The mechanochemical reaction rate of the Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O–Ca(OH)2 powder mixture found to be very fast as the HA phase started to form at around 2 min and finished after 30 min of ball milling. All six powder mixtures were transformed entirely into HA, with the crystallite size between 18.5 and 20.2 nm after 1 h and between 22.5 and 23.9 nm after 2 h of milling. Moreover, the lattice strain was found to be 0.8 ± 0.05% in the 1 h milled powder and 0.6 ± 0.05% in all six powders milled for 2 h. This observation, i.e., coarsening of the HA crystal and gradual decrease of the lattice strain with the increase of milling time, is opposite to the results reported by other researchers. The gradual increase in crystallite size and decrease in lattice strain result from dynamic recovery and recrystallization because of an increase in the local temperature of the powder particles trapped between the balls and ball and reactor wall during the high-energy collision.

Synthesizing AlN powder by mechanochemical reaction between aluminum and melamine

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites

A solid state mechanochemical reaction (MCR) method for synthesizing AlN powder with aluminum and melamine powders as the reactants was proposed and put into practice. It was found that the solid state MCR between aluminum and melamine is an instantaneous and exothermic reaction. For a certain charge ratio, a critical ball milling time is needed for the MCR to occur. The higher the charge ratio, the faster the MCR. Cryogenic environments help to accelerate the MCR between Al and melamine. In addition to the direct one-step MCR synthesis approach mentioned above, AlN powder can also be synthesized by pre-ball-milling Al and melamine powders followed by heat treatment. Using this two-step approach, the heat treatment temperature is only about 638 °C, which is much lower than that used in other ways for synthesizing AlN powder. The lower heat treatment temperature can be attributed to the combined effect of both the adoption of melamine and the high reactivity of powders caused by ball milling. Comparatively, the present solid state MCR method for synthesizing AlN powder may be more cost-effective and hence more promising to be used to industrially produce both AlN powder and in situ AlNP reinforced aluminum matrix composites.

Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by High-Energy Ball Milling

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Xiao Lan Cai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Rotary Speed

CNT-reinforced aluminum matrix composites was produced by high-energy ball milling, the effect of rotary speed and milling time on the particle size distribution,the density and hardness of CNT-aluminum matrix composites were studied,it was observed that the rotary speed and milling time have an important effect on the mechanical properties of the CNT-aluminum matrix composites.

Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Prepared by Ball Milling

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Ahn ◽  
Yong Jin Kim ◽  
Sang Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

In the present work, we employed low-energy ball milling in dry and wet conditions to synthesize Al-MWCNT composites with homogeneous distribution of reinforcing phases. Dry ball milling easily resulted in the collapse of MWCNTs as well as a cold welding of constituent particles. Wet milling, on the other hand, induced a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs and matrix phase. However, the oxidation of aluminum which results in a poor sinterability, was a major problem in wet milling. The optimum content of MWCNT in the composites was 0.5 and 1 wt% for dry and wet milling, respectively.

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube/Aluminum Matrix Composites by Ball Milling and Cold Press Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Shogo Kimura ◽  
Junki Ueda ◽  
Hideaki Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Ball Milling Time ◽  
Al Matrix

Carbon nanotube (CNT) has been one of promising candidates as a reinforcement in metal matrix composites (MMCs) for its variety of excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength etc. It is necessary to disperse CNT to the level of each one in order to lead to efficiently reflect the excellent essential physical properties of CNT in the composites. This research investigates fabrication processes linked with dry ball milling and cold pressing followed by sintering to uniformly disperse CNT in aluminum (Al) matrix. It was found that dispersibility of CNT were improved with increasing ball milling time based on observation of morphology of mixed powders and the composites using SEM. Vickers hardness and tensile strength of CNT/ Al composites increased with increasing ball milling time up to 24 hours, while they were constant or decreased because of increase of voids in case of longer than 24 hours of ball milling time.

Experimental Studies on CNT Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
K.V. Sreenivas Rao ◽  
S. Sanman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Matrix

The remarkable high tensile strength and very high aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes make them valuable components for mechanically reinforced composite materials. In this study, Carbon Nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared by simple stir casting route with different percentages of Carbon Nanotube reinforcement. The prepared nanocomposite specimens were subjected to evaluation of mechanical properties and microstructure. It was evident from the study that, as the weight fraction of nanotube in the matrix increases, the ultimate tensile strength, macro and micro-hardness also increases. The microstructures show clustering of the carbon nanotubes in the matrix. The difficulties experienced in uniform dispersion of Carbon Nanotube in the matrix to achieve optimum desired properties are discussed.

scholarly journals B4C Particles Reinforced Al2024 Composites via Mechanical Milling

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Carreño-Gallardo ◽  
Ivanovich Estrada-Guel ◽  
Claudia López-Meléndez ◽  
Ernesto Ledezma-Sillas ◽  
Rubén Castañeda-Balderas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
2024 Alloy ◽  
B4c Particles

The control of a homogeneous distribution of the reinforcing phase in aluminum matrix composites is the main issue during the synthesis of this kind of material. In this work, 2024 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with boron carbide were produced by mechanical milling, using 1 and 2 h of milling. After milling, powdered samples were cold consolidated, sintered and T6 heat treated. The morphology and microstructure of Al2024/B4C composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy; analysis of X-ray diffraction peaks were used for the calculation of the crystallite size and microstrains by the Williamson–Hall method. The mechanical properties were evaluated by compression and hardness tests. B4C particles were found to be well dispersed into the aluminum matrix as a result of the high-energy milling process. The crystallite size of composites milled for 2 h was lower than those milled for 1 h. The hardness, yield strength and maximum strength were significantly improved in the composites processed for 2 h, in comparison to those processed for 1 h and the monolithic 2024 alloy.

Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC-Graphene Core-Shell Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Jiang Shan Zhang ◽  
Zhi Xin Chen ◽  
Jing Wei Zhao ◽  
Zheng Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles

Graphene has been proved to be an excellent enhancer in metal matrix composites. Core-shell structured SiC nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were fabricated and incorporated into aluminum matrix using ball milling in the current study. Graphite powder was exfoliated into thin GNSs, which are flexible to wrap SiC nanoparticles. The ductile aluminum particles were firstly flattened and then repeatedly welded and fractured into equalized particles during the ball milling of Al alloy-SiC-GNSs composite powder, which were observed using scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction. SiC-GNSs were embedded and dispersed into the aluminum matrix during the milling process.

In Situ Synthesis of TiC-TiB2 Composites via High Energy Ball Milling and Pressureless Sintering

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 635-638
Author(s):  
Ping Luo ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Zhi Xiong Xie ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
An Zhuo Yangli
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Energy Ball

TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics were successfully fabricated via planetary ball milling of 72 mass% Ti and 28 mass % B4C powders, followed by low temperature sintering process at 1200°C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powder mixtures and composite ceramics were characterized by Differential thermal analysis equipment (DTA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the ball-milled powder mixtures (Ti and B4C powders) were completely transformed to TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics as the powders were milled for 60 h and sintered at 1200°C for 1 h. The formation mechanism of the TiC-TiB2 composite was discussed. The high energy ball milling and necessary sintering for the powder mixtures plays an important role in the formation of the composites.

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