scholarly journals Characterization of Sonic Events Present in Natural-Urban Hybrid Habitats Using UMAP and SEDnet: The Case of the Urban Wetlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8175
Author(s):  
Víctor Poblete ◽  
Diego Espejo ◽  
Víctor Vargas ◽  
Felipe Otondo ◽  
Pablo Huijse
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Urban Wetlands ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Eventual Loss ◽  
End Times

We investigated whether the use of technological tools can effectively help in manipulating the increasing volume of audio data available through the use of long field recordings. We also explored whether we can address, by using these recordings and tools, audio data analysis, feature extraction and determine predominant patterns in the data. Similarly, we explored whether we can visualize feature clusters in the data and automatically detect sonic events. Our focus was primarily on enhancing the importance of natural-urban hybrid habitats within cities, which benefit communities in various ways, specifically through the natural soundscapes of these habitats that evoke memories and reinforce a sense of belonging for inhabitants. The loss of sonic heritage can be a precursor to the extinction of biodiversity within these habitats. By quantifying changes in the soundscape of these habitats over long periods of time, we can collect relevant information linked to this eventual loss. In this respect, we developed two approaches. The first was the comparison among habitats that progressively changed from natural to urban. The second was the optimization of the field recordings’ labeling process. This was performed with labels corresponding to the annotations of classes of sonic events and their respective start and end times, including events temporarily superimposed on one another. We compared three habitats over time by using their sonic characteristics collected in field conditions. Comparisons of sonic similarity or dissimilarity among patches were made based on the Jaccard coefficient and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). Our SEDnet model achieves a F1-score of 0.79 with error rate 0.377 and with the area under PSD-ROC curve of 71.0. In terms of computational efficiency, the model is able to detect sound events from an audio file in a time of 14.49 s. With these results, we confirm the usefulness of the methods used in this work for the process of labeling field recordings.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE CANOPY INTEGRITY USING CANOPY DIGITAL IMAGES IN SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST FRAGMENT IN SÃO CARLOS - SP- BRAZIL1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Yamada ◽  
Emerson Carlos Pedrino ◽  
João Juares Soares ◽  
Maria do Carmo Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Semideciduous Forest

ABSTRACT It is well-known that conducting experimental research aiming the characterization of canopy structure of forests can be a difficult and costly task and, generally, requires an expert to extract, in loco, relevant information. Aiming at easing studies related to canopy structures, several techniques have been proposed in the literature and, among them, various are based on canopy digital image analysis. The research work described in this paper empirically compares two techniques that measure the integrity of the canopy structure of a forest fragment; one of them is based on central parts of canopy cover images and, the other, on canopy closure images. For the experiments, 22 central parts of canopy cover images and 22 canopy closure images were used. The images were captured along two transects: T1 (located in the conserved area) and T2 (located in the naturally disturbance area). The canopy digital images were computationally processed and analyzed using the MATLAB platform for the canopy cover images and the Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), for the canopy closure images. The results obtained using these two techniques showed that canopy cover images and, among the employed algorithms, the Jseg, characterize the canopy integrity best. It is worth mentioning that part of the analysis can be automatically conducted, as a quick and precise process, with low material costs involved.

scholarly journals Co-expression networks for plant biology: why and how

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Rao ◽  
Richard A Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Biologically Relevant

Abstract Co-expression network analysis is one of the most powerful approaches for interpretation of large transcriptomic datasets. It enables characterization of modules of co-expressed genes that may share biological functional linkages. Such networks provide an initial way to explore functional associations from gene expression profiling and can be applied to various aspects of plant biology. This review presents the applications of co-expression network analysis in plant biology and addresses optimized strategies from the recent literature for performing co-expression analysis on plant biological systems. Additionally, we describe the combined interpretation of co-expression analysis with other genomic data to enhance the generation of biologically relevant information.

scholarly journals Studies Examining the Efficacy of Ankle Foot Orthoses should Report Activity Level and Mechanical Evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Harlaar ◽  
Merel Brehm ◽  
Jules G. Becher ◽  
Daan J. J. Bregman ◽  
Jaap Buurke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) to promote walking ability are a common treatment in patients with neurological or muscular diseases. However, guidelines on the prescription of AFOs are currently based on a low level of evidence regarding their efficacy. Recent studies aiming to demonstrate the efficacy of wearing an AFO in respect to walking ability are not always conclusive. In this paper it is argued to recognize two levels of evidence related to the ICF levels. Activity level evidence expresses the gain in walking ability for the patient, while mechanical evidence expresses the correct functioning of the AFO. Used in combination for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of orthotic treatment, a conjunct improvement at both levels reinforces the treatment algorithm that is used. Conversely, conflicting outcomes will challenge current treatment algorithms and the supposed working mechanism of the AFO. A treatment algorithm must use relevant information as an input, derived from measurements with a high precision. Its result will be a specific AFO that matches the patient's needs, specified by the mechanical characterization of the AFO footwear combination. It is concluded that research on the efficacy of AFOs should use parameters from two levels of evidence, to prove the efficacy of a treatment algorithm, i.e., how to prescribe a well-matched AFO.

QSPR Modeling is Able to Predict Retention Times of Fatty Acids Using Simple Molecular Descriptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Mariene H. Duarte ◽  
Matheus P. Freitas ◽  
Cleiton Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Qspr Modeling ◽  
Mlr Model

A QSPR modeling was carried out to predict the chromatographic retention times of a series of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) widely used as standard in the characterization of lipids from agricultural and food products. Number of carbons, total double bonds, position of double bonds and geometric isomerism were used as descriptors to generate a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model. The best model yielded an RMSE = 0.167 and R2 = 0.999 for the calibration set, and RMSE = 0.151 and R2 = 1.000 for the test set. Number of carbons and total double bonds were the most important descriptors, according to the regression coefficients, but position of double bonds and isomerism cannot be neglected as they provide relevant information to improve the accuracy of the predicted property.

Identification of Bearing Defects in Hybrid Thrust Ball Bearings by Vibration Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Ziebell ◽  
Oskar Schöppl ◽  
Roland Haubner ◽  
Thomas Konegger
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Bearing Defects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Aspects

Hybrid ball bearings, consisting of metallic washers in combination with ceramic bearing balls, feature a variety of significant advantages in comparison to standard steel bearings, including mechanical properties and reduced friction during operation. Key aspects for a successful operation are a prevention of defects of both balls and washers, as well as the knowledge of critical and optimal operation parameters. This relevant information can be obtained through test rig trials, where vibration analysis has found to be a versatile and efficient tool for the characterization of the operational status. In this contribution, hybrid thrust ball bearings with Si3N4 balls are investigated. After an introduction of defined damages in different parts of the bearing, test rig trials were conducted, and the vibration behavior during operation was compared to new, unused bearings. The characteristic vibrational frequencies, obtained through a variety of software-based filter and analysis algorithms, were correlated with materialographic investigations of failed bearings. The proposed method was shown to yield valuable information about damage morphologies and, subsequently, about the status of the bearing during operation.

scholarly journals AMBIENT VIBRATIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NOSSA SENHORA DAS DORES CHURCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esequiel MESQUITA ◽  
Francisco BRANDÃO ◽  
Aldecira DIOGENES ◽  
Paulo ANTUNES ◽  
Humberto VARUM
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Heritage Constructions ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
Vibrational Characterization

The present paper shows the vibrational characterization tests of a clay brick heritage construction from XIX century, the Nossa Senhora das Dores Church, placed in Sobral, Brazil. In this study the calibration of the 3D finite element numerical model of the church was performed through ambient vibrational testing using the first three natural frequencies identified. The obtained results, namely the natural frequencies identified, and the calibrated model intends to give a contribute for understanding of the structural behavior of the Brazilian heritage constructions, and introduces relevant information for be used for safety assessment of the church along the time.

scholarly journals Amino acids, taste circuits, and feeding behavior in Drosophila: towards understanding the psychology of feeding in flies and man

2007 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Melcher ◽  
Ruediger Bader ◽  
Michael J Pankratz
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

Feeding can be regulated by a variety of external sensory stimuli such as olfaction and gustation, as well as by systemic internal signals of feeding status and metabolic needs. Faced with a major health epidemic in eating-related conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, there is an ever increasing need to dissect and understand the complex regulatory network underlying the multiple aspects of feeding behavior. In this minireview, we highlight the use of Drosophila in studying the neural circuits that control the feeding behavior in response to external and internal signals. In particular, we outline the work on the neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the newly identified hugin neuronal circuit. We focus on the pivotal role of the central nervous system in integrating external and internal feeding-relevant information, thus enabling the organism to make one of the most basic decisions – to eat or not to eat.

Characterization of Curaua Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽  
Noan Tonini Simonassi ◽  
Rômulo Leite Loiola ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Curaua Fibers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Curauá Fiber

Natural fibers obtained from plants are being investigated as possible engineering materials with application in polymer composite reinforcement. For instance, the lignocellulosic fibers extracted from the leaves of the curaua plant (Ananas erectifolius) display a reinforcement potential owing to their relatively high strength. However, the curaua fiber has a poor adhesion with the polymeric matrix. In order to understand the curaua fiber interaction with a polymer matrix, the physical and chemical characteristics need to be evaluated. Among these characteristics, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provides relevant information about the functional molecular groups and their possible interaction. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to analyze the FTIR of curaua fibers by means of transmittance spectrum obtained in the FTIR method with a 60o angle. The results showed peaks corresponding to specific molecular interaction that are discussed and compared to other results.

The Study and Characterization of a Novel Structure of 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Tan ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Jin Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Benzenetricarboxylic Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lamella Structure

A novel ten-interpenetrating structure of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid was grown under solvothemal condition after heated it 16 hours. It was characterized by FT-IR, HNMR, X-ray diffraction, HRTEM. HRTEM obtain the relevant information of structural morphologies. The result of HRTEM showsed this material owned special lamella structure. X-ray diffraction showed the crystal of the new structure is of monoclinic system, space groupP1 with a=26.5039(17), b=16.4121(17),c=26.550(2)Å,α=90.00, β=91.533(2), γ=90.00, V=11544.4(17)Å3, Z=8, Dc=1.451g/cm3,μ=0.126mm-1,F(000)=5184, R=0.0891 and w (R)=0.1819 for 11318 observed reflection with I>2(I),hydrogen bond contributed to the stability of the structure. The fluorescence spectra indicated that the title compound had two stronger emission peak at 346nm and 400nm. Keywords:1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; novel structure; ten-interpenetrating

scholarly journals Chemometrics-Assisted Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Tunable Polymer-Peptide Hybrids for Dental Tissue Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Spencer ◽  
Qiang Ye ◽  
Nilan J. B. Kamathewatta ◽  
Sarah K. Woolfolk ◽  
Brenda S. Bohaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Tissue Interfaces

The interfaces that biological tissues form with biomaterials are invariably defective and frequently the location where failure initiates. Characterizing the phenomena that lead to failure is confounded by several factors including heterogeneous material/tissue interfaces. To seamlessly analyze across these diverse structures presents a wealth of analytical challenges. This study aims to develop a molecular-level understanding of a peptide-functionalized adhesive/collagen hybrid biomaterial using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics approach. An engineered hydroxyapatite-binding peptide (HABP) was copolymerized in dentin adhesive and dentin was demineralized to provide collagen matrices that were partially infiltrated with the peptide-functionalized adhesive. Partial infiltration led to pockets of exposed collagen—a condition that simulates defects in adhesive/dentin interfaces. The spectroscopic results indicate that co-polymerizable HABP tethered to the adhesive promoted remineralization of the defects. The spatial distribution of collagen, adhesive, and mineral as well as crystallinity of the mineral across this heterogeneous material/tissue interface was determined using micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics approach. The success of this combined approach in the characterization of material/tissue interfaces stems from its ability to extract quality parameters that are related to the essential and relevant portions of the spectral data, after filtering out noise and non-relevant information. This ability is critical when it is not possible to separate components for analysis such as investigations focused on, in situ chemical characterization of interfaces. Extracting essential information from complex bio/material interfaces using data driven approaches will improve our understanding of heterogeneous material/tissue interfaces. This understanding will allow us to identify key parameters within the interfacial micro-environment that should be harnessed to develop durable biomaterials.

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