scholarly journals Theoretical Methane Emission Estimation from Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Rumen Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7730
Author(s):  
Sang-Ryong Lee ◽  
Yunseo Cho ◽  
Hyuck K. Ju ◽  
Eunjeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Methane production from livestock farming is recognized as an important contributor to global GHGs. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) found in bovine rumen may be utilized as a substrate for methanogens to form CH4, and thus improvement of quantitative VFA measurements can help facilitate greater understanding and mitigation of CH4 production. This study aims to contribute to the development of more accurate methods for the quantification and specification of VFAs in bovine rumen. The VFAs were analyzed using the conventional method and an alternative catalytic esterification reaction (CER) method. Substantial differences in the detected concentrations of the C3+ VFAs (chain length ≥ 3) were observed between both methods, especially for butyric acid. Evaluation of the sensitivity of both methods to detecting the VFA concentrations in standard solutions confirmed that the values resulting from the CER method were closer to the known concentrations of the standard solution than those from the conventional method. The results of this study provide the first quantitative proof to show the improved accuracy of the measurements of C3+ VFAs when using the CER method compared with the conventional method. Therefore, the CER method can be recommended to analyze the VFAs found in rumen, especially butyric acid and other C3+ VFAs.

scholarly journals Incorporation of radioactive carbon from [14C] alanine in the rumen of a cow given feed containing urea as the sole source of nitrogen

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Eeva-Liisa Syväoja ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid

The utilisation of exogenic amino acid in a cow given feed containing urea and ammonium salts as the sole sources of nitrogen was studied by means of intraruminal administration of [14C]alanine. The labelling of the trichloracetic acid-precipitated bacterial cell mass, the main volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric acid) and a number of isolated amino acids after 1,3, 8 and 26 h was determined. The rumen micro-organisms rapidly incorporated the [14C]alanine into their cellular constituents. After the above-mentioned times the microbial cell mass was found to contain 47.4, 49.7, 70.0 and 80.0 % of the total activity of the rumen contents. Although the carbon skeleton of alanine can be used for the formation of many amino acids the rumen bacteria studied were shown to utilise only small amounts of this amino acid in their synthesis of Asp, Glu, Tyr and Phe. The combined label present in these 4 amino acids was 1.5, 1.9, 2.9 and 5.5 % of the total activity of the rumen fluid at the stated times. A considerable proportion of the [14C]alanine was degraded to volatile fatty acids: label present in acetic, propionic and butyric acid totalled 40.8, 32.3, 23.0 and 5.0 % of that in the rumen fluid. Of these, acetic acid had the strongest labelling after 1 and 3 h, and propionic acid the weakest at all stages.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Robert D. Kinley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Grass Hay

Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.

Fermentation in the Rumen of the Sheep

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
F. V. GRAY ◽  
A. F. PILGRIM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid

1. Analyses of the rumen fluid of sheep fed on wheaten hay and on lucerne hay showed that characteristic changes take place in the composition of the mixture of volatile fatty acids in the rumen throughout the day. 2. The changes conform closely to those predicted from the composition of the mixture of fatty acids produced from the same two fodders in vitro. They support the view that propionic acid is relatively more rapidly absorbed than either acetic or butyric acid, and that the fermentation of these fodders in the rumen produces a mixture of the acids in which propionic acid forms a larger proportion than it does in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Extraction, identification, and quantification of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid samples using Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (RP HPLC-DAD)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas ◽  
Tiago Costa de Araújo ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation

Abstract In ruminant animals, volatile fatty acids (VFA) or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are derived from the protein and carbohydrate fermentation by rumen microorganism. Hence, the VFA determination in rumen fluid allows the evaluation of the nutritional quality of a diet, as well as its potential impact on the chemical composition of ruminant milk and meat. Thus, we developed a protocol to extract, identify, and quantify acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and caproic acids in ruminal fluid samples using RP-HPLC-DAD. Despite literature findings had shown that the most suitable column for VFA chromatographic separation under HPLC-DAD is an ion-exchange column, our protocol showed that a C18 column also allows an efficient VFA separation of the aforementioned acid, except for butyric and iso-butyric acids. This condition may constitute a limitation of the Hypersil GOLD C18 column use for VFA determination. However, considering that the concentration of iso-butyric acid is significantly lower than that of butyric acid, a good estimation of butyric acid can be obtained.

scholarly journals Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Prevotella Species

The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.

Increasing 2 -Bio- (H2 and CH4) production from food waste by combining two-stage anaerobic digestion and electrodialysis for continuous volatile fatty acids removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Gamal K. Hassan ◽  
Rhys Jon Jones ◽  
Jaime Massanet-Nicolau ◽  
Richard Dinsdale ◽  
M.M. Abo-Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ch4 Production

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

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