scholarly journals The Blockchain Oracle Problem in Decentralized Finance—A Multivocal Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Giulio Caldarelli ◽  
Joshua Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
External World ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
End Users ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Asset Data ◽  
Shed Light

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of blockchain a step further and aims to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run without involving intermediaries. Similar to how 2017 was the year of ICOs, 2020 was the year of DeFi, with more than fifteen billion dollars of total investments. The decentralized platforms utilize oracles to retrieve asset data from the external world, but their choice and management criteria are often unknown to the end-users. If oracles are poorly selected or managed, the funds of a rising number of investors are inevitably in danger. The issue, known as “the oracle problem”, which makes real-world applications controversial and debated due to the loss of decentralization, had recently drawn attention to DeFi, given the crescent number of related hacks that caused the loss of millions of dollars held in DeFi projects. Through a multivocal approach that considers academic papers, whitepapers, preprints, and opinion posts, this study aims to shed light on the pattern that identifies the oracle problem in DeFi and outline the most promising ways to overcome the related weaknesses. This research supports the view that the oracle problem in decentralized finance bears specific characteristics which require standardization and appropriate economic incentives to be addressed.

scholarly journals The Blockchain Oracle Problem in Decentralized Finance - A Multivocal Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Caldarelli ◽  
Joshua Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
External World ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
End Users ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Asset Data ◽  
Shed Light

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of blockchain a step further and aims to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run without involving intermediaries. Similar to how 2017 was the year of ICOs, 2020 was the year of DeFI with more than $15 billion of total investments. The decentralized platforms utilize oracles to retrieve asset data from the external world, but their choice and management criteria are often unknown to the end-users. If oracles are poorly selected or managed, the funds of a rising number of investors are inevitably in danger. The issue known as “the oracle problem,” which makes real-world applications controversial and debated due to the loss of decentralization, had recently drawn attention to DeFi given the crescent number of related hacks that caused the loss of millions of dollars held in DeFi projects. With a multivocal approach, this paper aims to shed light on the pattern that identifies the oracle problem in DeFi and outline the most promising ways to overcome the related weaknesses. This research supports the view that the oracle problem in decentralized finance bears specific characteristics which require standardization and appropriate economic incentives to be addressed.

Design prototyping as a translational tool for medical device commercialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Page ◽  
Kieran John
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Real World ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Active Role ◽  
End Users ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Real World Applications

Translational design is an increasingly important objective for universities as research institutions are seeking to play a more active role in the commercialization of fundamental medical research. Practice-based designers working within these academic contexts have a skill set that positions them to make a contribution to translating fundamental research into real-world applications. Real world applications of research that are informed by the needs of end-users and actioned through the creation of medical device prototypes. The translational designer’s toolkit includes a range of methodologies, frameworks, procedures and processes to identify problems, conceptualize ideas and create functional prototypes. Progressing research towards commercialization through prototyping is one of the most important skills leveraged by translational design researchers. This article details two case studies of practice-based design research within a large Australian university. It discusses the role of design prototyping as a key part of a lean and integrated development process that relies on accumulative rounds of iteration and interdisciplinary collaboration mediated through artefacts. Design prototyping is used within these projects to bring ideas to life and enable more effective communication between diverse stakeholder groups spanning across academia and industry, and across the boundaries of research and application. This article unpacks the key role of prototyping as a translational tool to iteratively test, refine and conceptually verify ideas, while additionally providing boundary objects for effective communication. This discussion addresses the benefits and limitations of prototyping as a translational tool, including the ability of prototyping to save time and development costs, explore constraints and trade-offs, and communicate with industry partners and end-users through tactile objects and/or real experiences. Design prototyping is an efficient and effective process that embraces failure in early stages of development, where the consequences are limited and the benefit substantial. The article explores how prototyping can provide the backbone to industrial design researchers working in translational contexts to drive development to real-world application and to effectively engage with research end-users.

scholarly journals Electronic Phenomena of Transition Metal Oxides

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Christian Rodenbücher ◽  
Kristof Szot
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Real World Applications

Transition metal oxides with ABO3 or BO2 structures have become one of the major research fields in solid state science, as they exhibit an impressive variety of unusual and exotic phenomena with potential for their exploitation in real-world applications [...]

scholarly journals Applications of Distributed-Order Fractional Operators: A Review

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Wei Ding ◽  
Sansit Patnaik ◽  
Sai Sidhardh ◽  
Fabio Semperlotti
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Variable Order ◽  
Fractional Operators ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Distributed Order

Distributed-order fractional calculus (DOFC) is a rapidly emerging branch of the broader area of fractional calculus that has important and far-reaching applications for the modeling of complex systems. DOFC generalizes the intrinsic multiscale nature of constant and variable-order fractional operators opening significant opportunities to model systems whose behavior stems from the complex interplay and superposition of nonlocal and memory effects occurring over a multitude of scales. In recent years, a significant amount of studies focusing on mathematical aspects and real-world applications of DOFC have been produced. However, a systematic review of the available literature and of the state-of-the-art of DOFC as it pertains, specifically, to real-world applications is still lacking. This review article is intended to provide the reader a road map to understand the early development of DOFC and the progressive evolution and application to the modeling of complex real-world problems. The review starts by offering a brief introduction to the mathematics of DOFC, including analytical and numerical methods, and it continues providing an extensive overview of the applications of DOFC to fields like viscoelasticity, transport processes, and control theory that have seen most of the research activity to date.

scholarly journals Mobile Manipulation Hackathon: Moving into Real World Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Maximo A. Roa ◽  
Mehmet R. Dogar ◽  
Jordi Pages ◽  
Carlos Vivas ◽  
Antonio Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Mobile Manipulation ◽  
Real World Applications
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