Design prototyping as a translational tool for medical device commercialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan Page ◽  
Kieran John
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Real World ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Active Role ◽  
End Users ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Real World Applications

Translational design is an increasingly important objective for universities as research institutions are seeking to play a more active role in the commercialization of fundamental medical research. Practice-based designers working within these academic contexts have a skill set that positions them to make a contribution to translating fundamental research into real-world applications. Real world applications of research that are informed by the needs of end-users and actioned through the creation of medical device prototypes. The translational designer’s toolkit includes a range of methodologies, frameworks, procedures and processes to identify problems, conceptualize ideas and create functional prototypes. Progressing research towards commercialization through prototyping is one of the most important skills leveraged by translational design researchers. This article details two case studies of practice-based design research within a large Australian university. It discusses the role of design prototyping as a key part of a lean and integrated development process that relies on accumulative rounds of iteration and interdisciplinary collaboration mediated through artefacts. Design prototyping is used within these projects to bring ideas to life and enable more effective communication between diverse stakeholder groups spanning across academia and industry, and across the boundaries of research and application. This article unpacks the key role of prototyping as a translational tool to iteratively test, refine and conceptually verify ideas, while additionally providing boundary objects for effective communication. This discussion addresses the benefits and limitations of prototyping as a translational tool, including the ability of prototyping to save time and development costs, explore constraints and trade-offs, and communicate with industry partners and end-users through tactile objects and/or real experiences. Design prototyping is an efficient and effective process that embraces failure in early stages of development, where the consequences are limited and the benefit substantial. The article explores how prototyping can provide the backbone to industrial design researchers working in translational contexts to drive development to real-world application and to effectively engage with research end-users.

Real World Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Ibibia K. Dabipi ◽  
Judy A. Perkins ◽  
Tierney Moore
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Real World ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
End To End ◽  
Supply Chain Structure

Over the years the supply chain industry has been transforming to improve the end-to-end (production to delivery) process. Supply chain management (SCM) allows various industries to oversee and better handle how their product is manufactured and delivered. It allows them to track and identify the location of the product and to be more efficient in delivery. Integrating total asset visibility (TAV) technology into the supply chain structure can provide excellent visibility of a product. This kind of visibility complemented with various packaging schemes can assist in accommodating optimization strategies for visualizing the movement of a product throughout the entire supply chain pipeline. The chapter will define SCM, discuss TAV, review how transportation as well as optimization impacts SCM and TAV, and examine the role of packaging in the context of SCM and TAV.

Business Analytics for Business Analysts in Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Coleen Wilder ◽  
Ceyhun Ozgur
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Real World ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Business Analyst ◽  
Successful Business

Many of the skills that define analytics are not new. Nonetheless, it has become a new source of competitive advantage for many corporations. Today's workforce, therefore, must be cognizant of its power and value to effectively perform their jobs. In this chapter, the authors differentiate the role of a business analyst by defining the appropriate skill level and breadth of knowledge required for them to be successful. Business analysts fill the gap between the experts (data scientists) and the day-to-day users. Finally, the section on Manufacturing Analytics provides real-world applications of Analytics for companies in a production setting. The ideas presented herein argue in favor of a dedicated program for business analysts.

scholarly journals The Blockchain Oracle Problem in Decentralized Finance—A Multivocal Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Giulio Caldarelli ◽  
Joshua Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
External World ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
End Users ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Asset Data ◽  
Shed Light

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of blockchain a step further and aims to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run without involving intermediaries. Similar to how 2017 was the year of ICOs, 2020 was the year of DeFi, with more than fifteen billion dollars of total investments. The decentralized platforms utilize oracles to retrieve asset data from the external world, but their choice and management criteria are often unknown to the end-users. If oracles are poorly selected or managed, the funds of a rising number of investors are inevitably in danger. The issue, known as “the oracle problem”, which makes real-world applications controversial and debated due to the loss of decentralization, had recently drawn attention to DeFi, given the crescent number of related hacks that caused the loss of millions of dollars held in DeFi projects. Through a multivocal approach that considers academic papers, whitepapers, preprints, and opinion posts, this study aims to shed light on the pattern that identifies the oracle problem in DeFi and outline the most promising ways to overcome the related weaknesses. This research supports the view that the oracle problem in decentralized finance bears specific characteristics which require standardization and appropriate economic incentives to be addressed.

Business Analytics for Business Analysts in Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Coleen Wilder ◽  
Ceyhun Ozgur
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Real World ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Business Analyst ◽  
Successful Business

Many of the skills that define analytics are not new. Nonetheless, it has become a new source of competitive advantage for many corporations. Today's workforce, therefore, must be cognizant of its power and value to effectively perform their jobs. In this chapter, the authors differentiate the role of a business analyst by defining the appropriate skill level and breadth of knowledge required for them to be successful. Business analysts fill the gap between the experts (data scientists) and the day-to-day users. Finally, the section on Manufacturing Analytics provides real-world applications of Analytics for companies in a production setting. The ideas presented herein argue in favor of a dedicated program for business analysts.

scholarly journals Reflections on telomere dynamics and ageing-related diseases in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1741) ◽  
pp. 20160436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Aviv ◽  
Jerry W. Shay
Keyword(s):  
African Ancestry ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Epidemiological studies have principally relied on measurements of telomere length (TL) in leucocytes, which reflects TL in other somatic cells. Leucocyte TL (LTL) displays vast variation across individuals—a phenomenon already observed in newborns. It is highly heritable, longer in females than males and in individuals of African ancestry than European ancestry. LTL is also longer in offspring conceived by older men. The traditional view regards LTL as a passive biomarker of human ageing. However, new evidence suggests that a dynamic interplay between selective evolutionary forces and TL might result in trade-offs for specific health outcomes. From a biological perspective, an active role of TL in ageing-related human diseases could occur because short telomeres increase the risk of a category of diseases related to restricted cell proliferation and tissue degeneration, including cardiovascular disease, whereas long telomeres increase the risk of another category of diseases related to increased proliferative growth, including major cancers. To understand the role of telomere biology in ageing-related diseases, it is essential to expand telomere research to newborns and children and seek further insight into the underlying causes of the variation in TL due to ancestry and geographical location. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics’.

scholarly journals The Blockchain Oracle Problem in Decentralized Finance - A Multivocal Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Caldarelli ◽  
Joshua Ellul
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
External World ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
End Users ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Asset Data ◽  
Shed Light

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of blockchain a step further and aims to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run without involving intermediaries. Similar to how 2017 was the year of ICOs, 2020 was the year of DeFI with more than $15 billion of total investments. The decentralized platforms utilize oracles to retrieve asset data from the external world, but their choice and management criteria are often unknown to the end-users. If oracles are poorly selected or managed, the funds of a rising number of investors are inevitably in danger. The issue known as “the oracle problem,” which makes real-world applications controversial and debated due to the loss of decentralization, had recently drawn attention to DeFi given the crescent number of related hacks that caused the loss of millions of dollars held in DeFi projects. With a multivocal approach, this paper aims to shed light on the pattern that identifies the oracle problem in DeFi and outline the most promising ways to overcome the related weaknesses. This research supports the view that the oracle problem in decentralized finance bears specific characteristics which require standardization and appropriate economic incentives to be addressed.

scholarly journals BreathID: Radar’s New Role in Biometrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Authentication System ◽  
Radar Sensing ◽  
Insight Into

<p> This article is focused on providing some insight into the requirements for a non-contact continuous identity authentication system using radar sensing technologies. The article also discusses the basic principles supporting the potential new role of radar sensing technologies in a broad area of applications. It also highlights challenges associated with this new technology and provides some direction on what is needed to address requirements for real-world applications. </p>

Of One-eyed and Toothless Miscreants

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Real World ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Crime Seriousness ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Retributive Theory

Interest in retributive theory, and emphasis on proportionality between crime and punishment as a requirement of justice, revived in English-speaking countries in the 1970s. After less than a half century, however, retributivism’s influence is waning. It is beset by challenges. Some, such as difficulties in scaling crime seriousness and punishment severity, and linking them, are primarily analytical and of interest mostly to theorists. Others, such as trade-offs between proportionality and crime prevention, relate to real-world applications. Both sets of challenges can be explored in their own terms, and solutions can be sought. The bigger question, though, is whether the challenges are epiphenomenal and portend displacement of retribution as the most intellectually influential normative frame of reference for thinking about punishment. Only time will tell whether retributivism is in terminal decline. Most likely, the difficulties contemporary philosophers face are as much a reflection of a change in the zeitgeist, in prevailing sensibilities, in mentalités as of sudden realization that retributive ideas offer less guidance for thinking about punishment than was widely understood.

scholarly journals BreathID: Radar’s New Role in Biometrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Identity Authentication ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Authentication System ◽  
Radar Sensing ◽  
Insight Into

<p> This article is focused on providing some insight into the requirements for a non-contact continuous identity authentication system using radar sensing technologies. The article also discusses the basic principles supporting the potential new role of radar sensing technologies in a broad area of applications. It also highlights challenges associated with this new technology and provides some direction on what is needed to address requirements for real-world applications. </p>

Proportionality

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
Michael Tonry
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Real World ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Crime Seriousness ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Policies And Practices

Proportionality theory’s influence is waning. It is beset by challenges. Some, such as difficulties in scaling crime seriousness and punishment severity, and linking them, are primarily analytical and of interest mostly to theorists. Others, such as trade-offs between proportionality and crime prevention, relate to real-world applications. Proportionality theory does support two injunctions with which most people, citizens, scholars, and professionals alike, would say they agree. First, no one should be punished more severely than he or she deserves. Second, all else being equal, people who commit more serious crimes should be punished more severely than people who commit less serious ones, and vice versa. Converting that principled agreement into real-world policies and practices is not easy. The post-Enlightenment values of fairness, equality, justice, and parsimony that underlie proportionality theory, however, are widely accepted and are likely to remain influential even if punishment paradigms once again shift. Proportionality theory is likely to be eclipsed but not to disappear.

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