scholarly journals Agent-Based Simulation to Measure the Effectiveness of Citizen Sensing Applications—The Case of Missing Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6530
Author(s):  
Ariadni Michalitsi-Psarrou ◽  
Iason Lazaros Papageorgiou ◽  
Christos Ntanos ◽  
John Psarras
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
Citizen Sensing ◽  
Feasibility Evaluation ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Scenario ◽  
Crowdsourcing Applications

Citizen sensing applications need to have a number of users defined that ensures their effectiveness. This is not a straightforward task because neither the relationship between the size of the userbase or its effectiveness is easily quantified, nor is it clear which threshold for the number of users would make the application ‘effective’. This paper presents an approach for estimating the number of users needed for location-based crowdsourcing applications to work successfully, depending on the use case, the circumstances, and the criteria of success. It circumvents various issues, ethical or practical, in performing real-world controlled experiments and tackles this challenge by developing an agent-based modelling and simulation framework. This framework is tested on a specific scenario, that of missing children and the search for them. The search is performed with the contribution of citizens being made aware of the disappearance through a mobile application. The result produces an easily reconfigurable testbed for the effectiveness of citizen sensing mobile applications, allowing the study of the marginal utility of new users of the application. The resulting framework aims to be the digital twin of a real urban scenario, and it has been designed to be easily adapted and support decisions on the feasibility, evaluation, and targeting of the deployment of spatial crowdsourcing applications.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

scholarly journals Data assimilation in Agent-based models using creation and annihilation operators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tang
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Null Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Agent-based models are a powerful tool for studying the behaviour of complex systems that can be described in terms of multiple, interacting ``agents''. However, because of their inherently discrete and often highly non-linear nature, it is very difficult to reason about the relationship between the state of the model, on the one hand, and our observations of the real world on the other. In this paper we consider agents that have a discrete set of states that, at any instant, act with a probability that may depend on the environment or the state of other agents. Given this, we show how the mathematical apparatus of quantum field theory can be used to reason probabilistically about the state and dynamics the model, and describe an algorithm to update our belief in the state of the model in the light of new, real-world observations. Using a simple predator-prey model on a 2-dimensional spatial grid as an example, we demonstrate the assimilation of incomplete, noisy observations and show that this leads to an increase in the mutual information between the actual state of the observed system and the posterior distribution given the observations, when compared to a null model.

scholarly journals An Agent-Based Approach to Interbank Market Lending Decisions and Risk Implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Liu ◽  
Cheuk Yin Jeffrey Mo ◽  
Mark E. Paddrik ◽  
Steve Y. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Interbank Market ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Interbank Lending ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we examine the relationship of bank level lending and borrowing decisions and the risk preferences on the dynamics of the interbank lending We develop an agent-based model that incorporates individual bank decisions using the temporal difference reinforcement learning algorithm with empirical data of 6600 S. banks. The model can successfully replicate the key characteristics of interbank lending and borrowing relationships documented in the recent literatur A key finding of this study is that risk preferences at individual bank level can lead to unique interbank market structures which are suggestive of the capacity that the market responds to surprising

Optimal Patent Design

2013 ◽  
pp. 280-302
Author(s):  
Anthony Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Product Space ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Patent Policy ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patent Design ◽  
Patent Breadth

Patents provide a patentee with a degree of monopoly power over a region of product space. The “breadth” and “duration” of patents are policy choices. Increasing patent breadth and duration will ceteris paribus increase the rent, which an individual inventor could earn from a commercially successful invention. However, the precise nature of the relationship between patent policy and the rate of societal technical advance, which is stimulated by a given patent design, is not well understood. In this chapter, the authors novelly investigate this issue using an agent-based modeling approach. The simulation results obtained raise questions about the real utility of patent policy in promoting technological advance and suggest that other policy instruments are actually more important.

Ontology-Based Shopping Agent for E-Marketing

2012 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Sam Kin Meng ◽  
C. R. Chatwin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Ontology Mapping ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Online Business ◽  
The Relationship

Before Internet consumers make buying decisions, several psychological factors come into effect and reflect individual preferences on products. In this paper, the authors investigate four integrated streams: 1) recognizing the psychological factors that affect Internet consumers, 2) understanding the relationship between businesses’ e-marketing mix and Internet consumers’ psychological factors, 3) designing an ontology mapping businesses’ e-marketing mix with Internet consumers’ decision-making styles, and 4) developing a shopping agent based on the ontology. The relationship between businesses’ e-marketing mix and Internet consumers’ psychological factors is important because it can identify situations where both businesses and Internet consumers benefit. The authors’ ontology can be used to share Internet consumers’ psychological factors, the e-marketing mix of online business and their relationships with different computer applications.

Offender Mobility and Crime Pattern Formation from First Principles

2011 ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeffrey Brantingham ◽  
George Tita
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Crime Patterns ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Criminal Opportunity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Movement ◽  
Crime Pattern

Criminal opportunity in most cases is constrained by the fact that motivated offenders and potential targets or victims are not found at the same place at the same time. This ecological fact necessitates that offenders, potential victims, or both move into spatial positions that make crimes physically possible. This chapter develops a series of simple mathematical and agent-based models looking at the relationship between basic movement decisions and emergent crime patterns in two-dimensional environments. It is shown that there may be substantial regularities to crime patterns, including the tendency for crime to form discrete hotspots that arise solely from different movement strategies deployed by offenders.

Educational Geostimulation

2011 ◽  
pp. 3321-3338
Author(s):  
Vasco Furtado ◽  
Eurico Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urban Activities

In this work we will describe EGA (educational geosimulation architecture), an architecture for the development of pedagogical tools for training in urban activities based on MABS (multi-agent based simulation), GIS (geographic information systems), and ITS (intelligent tutoring systems). EGA came as a proposal for the lack of appropriate tools for the training of urban activities with high risk and/or high cost. As a case study, EGA was used for the development of a training tool for the area of public safety, the ExpertCop system. ExpertCop is a geosimulator of criminal dynamics in urban environments that aims to train police officers in the activity of preventive policing allocation. ExpertCop intends to induce students to reflect about their actions regarding resources allocation and to understand the relationship between preventive policing and crime.

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