scholarly journals Hyperloop Academic Research: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gkoumas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Hyperloop is a proposed very high-speed ground transportation system for both passenger and freight that has the potential to be revolutionary, and which has attracted much attention in the last few years. The concept was introduced in its modern form relatively recently, yet substantial progress has been made in the past years, with research and development taking place globally, from several Hyperloop companies and academics. This study examined the status of Hyperloop development and identified issues and challenges by means of a systematic review that analyzed 157 documents from the Scopus database on Hyperloop since 2014. Following that, a taxonomy of topics from scientific research was built under different physical and operational clusters. The findings could be of help to transportation academics and professionals who are interested in the developments in the field, and form the basis for policy decisions for the future implementation of Hyperloop.

THE STATUS OF TWO-NEUTRINO AND NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY SEARCHES

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 507-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. MOE
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Experimental Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Made In

Substantial progress has been made in double beta decay experiments in the past few years, including the beginning of sensitive new searches for neutrinoless double beta decay, and several additional positive detections of the two-neutrino mode by geochemical, radiochemical, and direct-counting techniques. This review discusses the recent experimental activity.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as a genetic tool

1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Naomi Datta
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe study of Escherichia coli and its plasmids and bacteriophages has provided a vast body of genetical information, much of it relevant to the whole of biology. This was true even before the development of the new techniques, for cloning and analysing DNA, that have revolutionized biological research during the past decade. Thousands of millions of dollars are now invested in industrial uses of these techniques, which all depend on discoveries made in the course of academic research on E. coli. Much of the background of knowledge necessary for the cloning and expression of genetically engineered information, as well as the techniques themselves, came from work with this organism.

scholarly journals Moving Forward With Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity: Two Strategies to Ensure Meaningful, Interpretable, and Comparable Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex V. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Significant advances have been made in the measurement of physical activity in youth over the past decade. Monitors and protocols promote very high compliance, both night and day, and raw measures are available rather than “black box” counts. Consequently, many surveys and studies worldwide now assess children’s physical behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) objectively 24 hours a day, 7 days a week using accelerometers. The availability of raw acceleration data in many of these studies is both an opportunity and a challenge. The richness of the data lends itself to the continued development of innovative metrics, whereas the removal of proprietary outcomes offers considerable potential for comparability between data sets and harmonizing data. Using comparable physical activity outcomes could lead to improved precision and generalizability of recommendations for children’s present and future health. The author will discuss 2 strategies that he believes may help ensure comparability between studies and maximize the potential for data harmonization, thereby helping to capitalize on the growing body of accelerometer data describing children’s physical behaviors.

scholarly journals OIL SPILL LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION (“SUPERFUND”)

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Compensation System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Double Coverage ◽  
Compensation Law

ABSTRACT The subjects under consideration are the liability imposed upon shippers, producers, refiners, and other handlers of oil, and the compensation monies available to persons damaged from oil spills. The liability and compensation system in existence today is one that provides little or no coverage in some instances, adequate coverage in some instances, and double coverage in still other instances. It has been correctly described as a “patchwork.” In the past three years, concerted efforts have been made by industry, government, and environmentalists to legislate improvements to the system. An attempt to enact a comprehensive oil spill liability and compensation law made substantial progress in the last Congress. This paper reviews the system as it now exists, the problems caused by the existing system, the proposed legislative changes, and the status of the legislation today.

scholarly journals Finding a signal hidden among noise: how can predators overcome camouflage strategies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20190478 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. M. Galloway ◽  
Samuel D. Green ◽  
Martin Stevens ◽  
Laura A. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evolving Models ◽  
Made In ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Substantial progress has been made in the past 15 years regarding how prey use a variety of visual camouflage types to exploit both predator visual processing and cognition, including background matching, disruptive coloration, countershading and masquerade. By contrast, much less attention has been paid to how predators might overcome these defences. Such strategies include the evolution of more acute senses, the co-opting of other senses not targeted by camouflage, changes in cognition such as forming search images, and using behaviours that change the relationship between the cryptic individual and the environment or disturb prey and cause movement. Here, we evaluate the methods through which visual camouflage prevents detection and recognition, and discuss if and how predators might evolve, develop or learn counter-adaptations to overcome these. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.

scholarly journals The Cases Study of “One Belt and One Road” and “Made in China 2025” Impact on the Development of Taiwan’s Machine Tool Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Machine Tool Industry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

The research takes Taiwan's machine tool industry as the research subject, and gains an insight into the possible impacts of “Industry 4.0”, “Belt and Road Initiative” as well as “Made in China 2025” on the development of machine tool industry in Taiwan. Lastly, it is hoped that the machine tool makers in Taiwan will be able to develop and grasp market trends in line with their needs and the status quo in order to achieve direct and indirect operational results. Based on the research results, this research will propose conclusions and provide relevant recommendations on specific and substantial business improvement and policy formulation for the machine tool industry, relevant government agencies and academic research.

scholarly journals Debunking the viper's strike: harmless snakes kill a common assumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 20160011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Penning ◽  
Baxter Sawvel ◽  
Brad R. Moon
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
The Past ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Very High

To survive, organisms must avoid predation and acquire nutrients and energy. Sensory systems must correctly differentiate between potential predators and prey, and elicit behaviours that adjust distances accordingly. For snakes, strikes can serve both purposes. Vipers are thought to have the fastest strikes among snakes. However, strike performance has been measured in very few species, especially non-vipers. We measured defensive strike performance in harmless Texas ratsnakes and two species of vipers, western cottonmouths and western diamond-backed rattlesnakes, using high-speed video recordings. We show that ratsnake strike performance matches or exceeds that of vipers. In contrast with the literature over the past century, vipers do not represent the pinnacle of strike performance in snakes. Both harmless and venomous snakes can strike with very high accelerations that have two key consequences: the accelerations exceed values that can cause loss of consciousness in other animals, such as the accelerations experienced by jet pilots during extreme manoeuvres, and they make the strikes faster than the sensory and motor responses of mammalian prey and predators. Both harmless and venomous snakes can strike faster than the blink of an eye and often reach a target before it can move.

scholarly journals The gathering momentum for animal rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David FAVRE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Professors ◽  
Made In

The focus of this article is to track the progress that has been made on behalf of<br />animals within the legal institutions of the United States. While there is an obvious focus on<br />the adoption of new laws, there are many steps or changes that are necessary within broader<br />legal intuitions if substantial progress is to be made in the changing and enforcing of the<br />laws. For example, at the same time that legislatures must be convinced of the need for<br />change, so must the judges believe in the new laws, otherwise enforcement of the law will be<br />not forthcoming.<br />Besides the court and the legislature, legal institutions include law schools, legal publications,<br />and the various associations of lawyers and law professors. What is the visibility and<br />credibility of animal issues within these institutions? Without progress within all aspects of<br />the legal community, success on behalf of animals is not possible. We in the United States<br />have made progress, particularly in the past ten years, but we have much yet that needs to be<br />done. By charting the progress and lack of progress in the United States, the readers in<br />Brazil and other countries will have some landmarks by which to judge the progress of the<br />issue of animal rights/welfare within their own country.

scholarly journals Radical women in social work: A historical prespective from North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Therese Jennissen ◽  
Colleen Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Very High

INTRODUCTION: Many challenges that confront social workers today are similar to problems they have faced over the past century – inequality, poverty, unemployment, militarisation and armed conflict, and the challenges of refugee resettlement, to name a few. It is instructive for contemporary social workers to revisit this history and to determine if there are lessons to inform our current struggles.METHOD: This paper explores the issues faced and strategies employed by radical, politically active social workers, most of them women. These social workers had visions of social justice and were not afraid to challenge the status quo, often at very high personal costs. The radical social workers were expressly interested in social change that centred on social justice, women’s rights, anti-racism, international peace, and they worked in close alliance and solidarity with other progressive groups.CONCLUSIONS: This article highlights the work of five radical female social workers. Radical social workers were in the minority but they were extraordinarily active and made important contributions in the face of formidable challenges.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF THE PROFESSION «ARCHITECT»: CHANGES IN REQUIREMENTS AND NEW CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
M. Fedorova ◽  
A. Gorchatova
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The rapidly changing world around us requires constant reflection and assessment of past changes and metamorphoses in order to prepare for the challenges of the future. The speed of change today is very high and every step aimed at adapting to these changes must have an appropriate basis. The cost of errors and delay increases many times. The article presents a brief history of the evolution of the profession of architect abroad and in Russia, with an emphasis on the methods of training future architects and the disciplines studied. The retrospective analysis is aimed at identifying patterns and features of the development of professional skills from ancient times to the present. It allows us to assess how much the attitude to the profession, approaches to education and the status of the architect has changed over the past time, how gradually there was a transition from a «significant figure in society» to a «blurring of the boundaries» of the profession, its branching. The analysis of current trends presented in the second part aims to formulate the requirements for which it is necessary to prepare future specialists in the field of architecture (the development of Smart cities and co-participating design), as well as to evaluate approaches to the participation of architects in the development of Smart cities abroad.

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