scholarly journals Digitized Reconfigurable Metal Reflectarray Surfaces for Millimeter-Wave Beam-Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5811
Author(s):  
Minwoo Yi ◽  
Youngseok Bae ◽  
Sungjun Yoo ◽  
Joonho So
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Field Patterns ◽  
Wave Region ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Reflecting Surfaces

Digitized beam-forming metal reflectarray antennas are designed for the millimeter-wave region. The phase control of antennas has been implemented by the reconfiguration of rectangular grooves on a metal plate. The antenna has 1147 elements arranged in an aluminum metal plate. The depths of all metal grooves are manipulated for designed phase control of high-gain beam-aimed reflectors. We have demonstrated a digitized reconfigurable metal reflectarray to steer a re-radiated millimeter-wave field from the reflector in a two-dimensional scanning plane from −20∘ to 20∘. The far-field patterns show that the measured gain of the 2-bit reflectarray is only 1 dB lower than that of a non-digitized reflectarray antenna. The measured peak gain is higher than 31.7 dB, and the measurements show that the gain of the full 40∘ scanned beam is 31.7 dB and well-defined scanned beams are obtained with a maximum scan gain loss of 0.2 dB. The proposed reconfigurable antennas can be a useful candidate for high-gain beam-aimed antennas for practical reflecting surfaces and a variety of wireless and satellite communication systems.

scholarly journals Miniature Dual-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fei-Peng Lai ◽  
Lu-Wu Chang ◽  
Yen-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Half Power

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna array that operates at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is proposed for fifth generation (5G) applications. The proposed array consists of four SIW cavities fabricated on one single layer of substrate. Each cavity implements a rhombic slot and a triangular-split-ring slot, resonating on TE101 and TE102 modes at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. In comparison with dual-band SIW antennas in the literature, the proposed configuration depicts a miniature footprint (28.7 × 30.8 mm2) without stacking substrates. To excite the four cavities with equal power, a broadband power divider that supports the propagation of TE10 mode is designed. Accordingly, the impedance bandwidths are 26.6–28.3 GHz and 36.8–38.9 GHz. The measured realized peak gain over the lower and higher bands is 9.3–10.9 dBi and 8.7–12.1 dBi, respectively. The measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations.

scholarly journals Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave Communication Based on Tabu Table Enhanced Rosenbrock Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Sun ◽  
Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Local Search ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Local Optimum ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Beam Search ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Wave Region

The codebook-based beamforming for millimeter-wave (mm Wave) communication systems is usually used to compensate the severe attenuation of the mm Wave region. The beam training process based on pre-specified beam codebooks is considered a global optimization problem in 2-D planes formed by the potential beam index. The Rosenbrock algorithm (RA) is adopted to implement optimum beam searching whereas the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is used to solve the problem of falling into the local optimum, due to the unavailable gradient information of the objective function. However, the RA implements rounding to the integer which leads to the problem of repeated search and beam space discontinuity caused by beam index will impair the powerful local search ability. Thus, in this paper, an enhanced RA based on tabu search and combined with SA algorithm is proposed as an alternative solution for beam search success rate. The proposed algorithm reduces the search times by forbidding the repeat search with tabu table and design of neighbor region. Moreover, to prevent the search failure, the search candidate index is defined to keep the local search ability of the original algorithm and wrap around of beam index is applied to maintain continuity of the search direction. Experimental simulations show that the proposed technique can improve the search efficiency in terms of reduced steps and increase search success rate during the beam training procedure compared to existing techniques.

scholarly journals An All-Metal High-Gain Radial-Line Slot-Array Antenna for Low-Cost Satellite Communication Systems

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 139422-139432
Author(s):  
Mst Nishat Yasmin Koli ◽  
Muhammad U. Afzal ◽  
Karu P. Esselle ◽  
Raheel M. Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Radial Line

scholarly journals High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Patch Array Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3914
Author(s):  
Kyei Anim ◽  
Jung-Nam Lee ◽  
Young-Bae Jung
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
Large Coupling

A high-gain millimeter-wave patch array antenna is presented for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). For the large-scale patch array antenna, microstrip lines and higher-mode surface wave radiations contribute enormously to the antenna loss, especially at the millimeter-wave band. Here, the element of a large patch array antenna is implemented with a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed patch fed by the aperture-coupled feeding (ACF) structure. However, in this case, a large coupling aperture is used to create strongly bound waves, which maximizes the coupling level between the patch and the feedline. This approach helps to improve antenna gain, but at the same time leads to a significant level of back radiation due to the microstrip feedline and unwanted surface-wave radiation, especially for the large patch arrays. Using the SIW cavity-backed patch and stripline feedline of the ACF in the element design, therefore, provides a solution to this problem. Thus, a full-corporate feed 32 × 32 array antenna achieves realized gain of 30.71–32.8 dBi with radiation efficiency above 52% within the operational band of 25.43–26.91 GHz. The fabricated antenna also retains being lightweight, which is desirable for UAVs, because it has no metal plate at the backside to support the antenna.

High Gain, Low Noise InP Heut for Millimeter-Wave Application

1993 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yuen ◽  
Y. C. Pao ◽  
N. Chiang ◽  
N. G. Bechtel
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Wave Region ◽  
Lattice Matched ◽  
Inp Hemt

ABSTRACTLattice matched InP HEMT has demonstrated superior gain and noise figure performance compared to the AlGaAs HEMT and PHEMT. The gain and noise figure advantages of the InP HEMT have been transferred to the excellent MMIC performance in the millimeter-wave region.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Dynamic Beam Synthesis to Mobile Satellite Communication, Using the Inmarsat 4 Antenna Architecture as a Test Example

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. E. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Pointing Errors ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Mobile Satellite ◽  
Mobile Satellite Communication

Present mobile satellite communication systems use large antennas to provide multiple high-gain beams. Each beam covers a fixed geographic cell on the earth. Spatial frequency reuse is provided by synthesising beams with low-power levels over all cells operating at the same frequency. The performance needs for future systems are steadily increasing, leading to higher-gain requirements, which are met by using larger antennas with narrower beams. So the antenna pointing errors become a significant loss factor. An alternative approach is to abandon the use of fixed beams and dynamically synthesise the beams to optimise the antenna performance in real time. This both increases user gain and lowers cofrequency interference whilst also reducing the effects of pointing errors. Simulations, using the Inmarsat 4 antenna architecture as a test example, show that the spatial isolation performance can be significantly improved by using Dynamic Beam Synthesis.

scholarly journals Rectangular Waveguide Polymer Microwave Fiber (PMF) Interconnect for Satellite Communication Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1295-1298
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Dielectric Waveguides ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Ku Band

Research in millimeter-wave dielectric waveguides is recently experiencing high interest in efficient data communication. Generally, channel interconnect remains a challenge for high- speed links design in satellite communication. This paper presents an analysis of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interconnect at Ku band owing to its low-cost and efficient throughput. The effect of varying PTFE properties was examined based on the wavelength, propagation constant and attenuation, in other to advise on coating and energy escape outside the Polymer Microwave Fiber (PMF).

scholarly journals Study and Design of Array and Beamsteering Antennas for Millimeter Wave Band Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Shad
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
High Data Rate ◽  
Lens Antenna ◽  
High Data ◽  
Lens Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems have attracted significant interest regarding supporting high data rate of Gigabit/s communications for the new generation of wireless communication networks. MmWave communication systems have frequency ranges in between 30 and 300 GHz wherein an enormous amount of unused bandwidth is available. Although the available bandwidth of mmWave frequencies is promising for high data rate communications, the propagation characteristics of mmWave frequencies are significantly different from microwave frequency band in terms of path loss, diffraction and blockage, and atmospheric absorption. In general, the overall losses of mmWave signals are significantly larger than that of microwave signals in point-to-point wireless communications. To compensate the high propagation losses, due to the limited output power that the current RF active components can deliver in millimeter waves, the use of directional and beam-steerable antennas become necessary in mmWave wireless systems. The use of directional antennas can effectively alleviate the signal interference in mmWave communications. High-gain directional antennas can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends, resulting in a significantly enhanced Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) and improved data security, and can be used in long-range mmWave point-to-point communications. Moreover, directional antenna beams with limited spatial coverage need to be steered either electronically or mechanically to obtain a better substitute link for non-Line of Loss (LOS) communications. Therefore, this dissertation mainly focuses on antenna design for mmWave frequency band applications. High gain and beam-steerable antennas with the merits of low profile, high gain, high efficiency and low cost are studied to address the new challenges of high frequency band antennas. First, waveguide-based technology is employed to propose a new wideband high gain antenna for 60 GHz band applications. Then, for beam-steerable antenna applications to steer the antenna beam in a specific direction, different structures of cylindrical lens antennas are studied. First, a compact two-dimensional lens antenna is designed and proposed at 28 GHz, and then a possible design of a wideband beam-steerable lens antenna is discussed and presented. Finally, a fully metallic wideband metasurface-based lens antenna is explored. The antenna is realized based on an array of periodic unit-cells to reduce the loss of the dielectric part in the conventional lens antennas. This property is exploited to design wideband cost-effective fully metallic antenna at mmWave frequencies.

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