scholarly journals Using CO2 as a Cooling Fluid for Power Plants: A Novel Approach for CO2 Storage and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Tran X. Phuoc ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

Power Augmentation of Heavy Duty and Two-Shaft Small and Medium Capacity Combustion Turbines With Application of Humid Air Injection and Dry Air Injection Technologies

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakhamkin ◽  
Robert Pelini ◽  
Manu I. Patel ◽  
Ron Wolk
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Novel Concept

This paper presents the latest information on Humid/Dry Air Injection (HAI/DAI) power augmentation technology for Combustion Turbine (CT) and Combined Cycle (CC) power plants. It describes: • The summary of the latest activities on the implementation of HAI and DAI technologies including results of the validations tests conducted on the PG7241 (FA) combustion turbine, and findings of various CT-HAI implementation projects. • The technical background including the latest CT-HAI and CT-DAI concepts resulting in the performance improvements and reduced emissions. • A novel concept for humidification of the injected air that further reduces overall capital costs by 15%. • The novel approach for the power augmentation of two-shaft small and medium capacity CTs with application of HAI and DAI technologies. Two-shaft CTs are widely used for electric power generation, including distributed generation, as well as a variable-speed mechanical driving engine including driving natural gas (NG) pipeline compressors (PC).

scholarly journals Planning of Hybrid Micro-Hydro and Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Areas of Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadoni Syahputra ◽  
Indah Soesanti
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

This paper proposes the planning of hybrid micro-hydro and solar photovoltaic system for rural areas of Central Java, Indonesia. The Indonesian government has paid great attention to the development of renewable energy sources, especially solar and hydropower. One area that has a high potential for both types of energy is the province of Central Java, located on the island of Java, Indonesia. In this research, we conduct field research to determine the ideal capacity of solar and micro-hydro hybrid power plants, electricity load analysis, and optimal design of hybrid power plants. Data on the potential of micro-hydro plants are obtained by direct measurement on the Ancol Bligo irrigation channel located in Bligo village, Ngluwar district, Magelang regency, Central Java province, Indonesia. Data on solar power potential were obtained from NASA’s database for solar radiation in the Central Java region. Hydropower potential data include channel length, debit, heads, and power potential in irrigation channels originating from rivers. These data are used to design an optimal hybrid power plant. The method used to obtain the optimal design of a hybrid power plant system is based on the analysis of capital costs, grid sales, cost of energy, and net present cost. Based on the parameters of the analysis, the composition of the optimal generator for the on-grid scheme to the distribution network can be determined. The results showed that hybrid power plants were able to meet the needs of electrical energy in the villages around the power plant and that the excess energy could be sold to national electricity providers.

Thermal Effects of Power Plants on Lakes

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Moore ◽  
Y. Jaluria
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Cayuga Lake ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Diffusion Effects ◽  
Power Plant Cooling ◽  
And Diffusion

The natural thermal cycle of a stratified water body used for power-plant cooling will be disturbed both by heat addition and the mixing effect of withdrawal and return. A perturbation analysis for these effects is made with a model based on the assumption that a Richardson number is constant at the base of any stratified layer. On a further assumption about the profiles of wind-driven return currents, constant heat flux from that layer is inferred. This heat flux, and the diffusion coefficient at the thermocline, are the critical parameters of the simple one-dimensional line-segment model, and are chosen to give good imitation of the known natural cycle of Cayuga Lake. The model is then perturbed in terms of both heat flux and diffusion to give power-plant impact for that lake. Both transient and final cycle changes of summer and winter temperatures and stratification and overturn are calculated. It is shown that the heat and diffusion effects are comparable, and that the latter may be dominant if the discharge is diluted to meet a thermal standard. Certain implications as to strategy of water use are developed.

Waste Heat Recovery and Saving Fresh Water Consumption in Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangkook Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

A section to delineate ‘waste heat recovery’ has been written to contribute for the ASME Power Plant Cooling Specification/Decision-making Guide to be published in 2013. This paper informs tentative contents for the section on how to beneficially apply waste heat and water recovery technology into power plants. This paper describes waste heat recovery in power plant, current/innovative technologies, specifications, case study, combined cycle, thermal benefits, effects on system efficiency, economic and exergetic benefits. It also outlines water recovery technologies, benefits in fresh water consumptions, reducing acids emission, additional cooling effects, economic analysis and critical considerations.

scholarly journals THE WAVE PRESSING PLATE FOR PROTECTING COOLING WATERWAYS OF COASTAL POWER PLANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Chow ◽  
Frederick L.W. Tang ◽  
H.H. Hwung
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

A horizontal plate laid on water surface to reduce the wave motion is proved to be effective theoretically and verified by model tests done at Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory. This principle has been put into practice on the northern coast of Taiwan for protecting a nuclear power plant cooling water intake against intruding waves. The design and construction of wave prevention works of such type are described succinctly in the paper. Also the effect of wave diminishing has been affirmed by measuring the respective waves heights outside and inside of the wave pressing plate.

scholarly journals Ламинарная обмотка тороидального поля для термоядерной электростанции типа Токамак

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Д.С. Дежин ◽  
Е.Ю. Клименко
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Toroidal Field ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Routine Service ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

There are described some alternatives to traditional technical solutions used in the designs of experimental Tokamak thermonuclear installations. The proposals must significantly reduce capital costs of the construction of toroidal field windings for thermonuclear power plants of this type. Cost reduction may be achieved by choosing a coil design that excludes degradation of the properties of a superconducting cable, significant simplifications of the cable design, cooling the winding with thermosyphon, avoiding the occurrence of high voltages due to using a quench back method for the winding protection, A procedure is described for the reliable selection of the operating current of the cable and the maximum permissible values of the electric field in it. It is considered also a facility of access to the thermonuclear unit of the power plant for routine service without dismantling the toroidal field winding and its vacuum shell.

scholarly journals Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy

2015 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
S. Z. Zhiznin ◽  
V. M. Timokhov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
East African ◽  
Capital Costs

Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.

scholarly journals Maintenance Strategy Optimization of a Coal-Fired Power Plant Cooling Tower through Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H.A. Melani ◽  
Carlos A. Murad ◽  
Adherbal Caminada Netto ◽  
Gilberto F.M. Souza ◽  
Silvio I. Nabeta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

Determining the ideal size of maintenance staff is a daunting task, especially in the operation of large and complex mechanical systems such as thermal power plants. On the one hand, a significant investment in maintenance is necessary to maintain the availability of the system. On the other hand, it can significantly affect the profit of the plant. Several mathematical modeling techniques have been used in many different ways to predict and improve the availability and reliability of such systems. This work uses a modeling tool called generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) in a new way, aiming to determine the effect that the number of maintenance teams has on the availability and performance of a coal-fired power plant cooling tower. The results obtained through the model are confronted with a thermodynamic analysis of the cooling tower that shows the influence of this system’s performance on the efficiency of the power plant. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal size of the repair team in order to maximize the plant’s performance with the least possible investment in maintenance personnel.

scholarly journals Nuclear Power Plant or Solar Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeili Shayan Mostafa ◽  
Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Track Record ◽  
The Cost

Both solar energy and nuclear energy face significant economic challenges. Sustainable energy costs have traditionally been greater than any of those associated with the growth of fossil fuel power generation, although the costs of renewable energy technologies (especially photovoltaic) have dropped. Furthermore, capital costs remain a big challenge in the nuclear generation. In many nations, the cost of building small nuclear power plants is quite large due to time, technology, and environmental and safety challenges for consumers. Such problems might not be as big for state-owned corporations or controlled industries for which utilities have quick access to cheap resources, and this partially explains why the interest for nuclear reactors in Asia is far greater than in the United States or Europe. Learning could help decrease costs for both types of technologies, but the track record for learning-by-doing in the nuclear sector is not good.

CO2 Emissions Reduction From Coal-Fired Power Generation: A Techno-Economic Comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tola ◽  
Giorgio Cau ◽  
Francesca Ferrara ◽  
Alberto Pettinau
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Capital Costs

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents a key solution to control the global warming reducing carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants. This study reports a comparative performance assessment of different power generation technologies, including ultrasupercritical (USC) pulverized coal combustion plant with postcombustion CO2 capture, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with precombustion CO2 capture, and oxy-coal combustion (OCC) unit. These three power plants have been studied considering traditional configuration, without CCS, and a more complex configuration with CO2 capture. These technologies (with and without CCS systems) have been compared from both the technical and economic points of view, considering a reference thermal input of 1000 MW. As for CO2 storage, the sequestration in saline aquifers has been considered. Whereas a conventional (without CCS) coal-fired USC power plant results to be more suitable than IGCC for power generation, IGCC becomes more competitive for CO2-free plants, being the precombustion CO2 capture system less expensive (from the energetic point of view) than the postcombustion one. In this scenario, oxy-coal combustion plant is currently not competitive with USC and IGCC, due to the low industrial experience, which means higher capital and operating costs and a lower plant operating reliability. But in a short-term future, a progressive diffusion of commercial-scale OCC plants will allow a reduction of capital costs and an improvement of the technology, with higher efficiency and reliability. This means that OCC promises to become competitive with USC and also with IGCC.

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