Power Augmentation of Heavy Duty and Two-Shaft Small and Medium Capacity Combustion Turbines With Application of Humid Air Injection and Dry Air Injection Technologies

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakhamkin ◽  
Robert Pelini ◽  
Manu I. Patel ◽  
Ron Wolk
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Novel Concept

This paper presents the latest information on Humid/Dry Air Injection (HAI/DAI) power augmentation technology for Combustion Turbine (CT) and Combined Cycle (CC) power plants. It describes: • The summary of the latest activities on the implementation of HAI and DAI technologies including results of the validations tests conducted on the PG7241 (FA) combustion turbine, and findings of various CT-HAI implementation projects. • The technical background including the latest CT-HAI and CT-DAI concepts resulting in the performance improvements and reduced emissions. • A novel concept for humidification of the injected air that further reduces overall capital costs by 15%. • The novel approach for the power augmentation of two-shaft small and medium capacity CTs with application of HAI and DAI technologies. Two-shaft CTs are widely used for electric power generation, including distributed generation, as well as a variable-speed mechanical driving engine including driving natural gas (NG) pipeline compressors (PC).

Humid Air Injection Power Augmentation Technology Has Arrived

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakhamkin ◽  
Robert Pelini ◽  
Manu I. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Injection Power ◽  
Novel Concept

This paper presents the latest information on Humid Air Injection (HAI) power augmentation technology for Combustion Turbine and Combined Cycle power plants. It describes: a) The summary of the latest activities on the implementation of HAI and Dry Air Injection (DAI) technologies including results of the validations tests conducted on the PG7241 (FA) combustion turbine, and findings of various CT-HAI implementation projects; b) The technical background including the latest CT-HAI and CT-DAI concepts resulting on the performance improvements and reduced emissions; and c) The novel concept for humidification of the injected air that further reduces overall capital costs by 15%.

scholarly journals Using CO2 as a Cooling Fluid for Power Plants: A Novel Approach for CO2 Storage and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Tran X. Phuoc ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

Novel CO2 Emissions Reduction Technique for IGCC Plants

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. Koumanakos ◽  
A. Doukelis ◽  
D. Giannakopoulos ◽  
Ch. Hatzilau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Novel Concept

Scope of the work presented is to examine and evaluate the state of the art in technological concepts towards the capture and sequestration of CO2 from coal-fired power plants. The discussion is based on the evaluation of a novel concept dealing with the carbonation-calcination process of lime for CO2 capture from coal fired power plants compared to integration of CO2 capture in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant. In the novel concept, coal is gasified with steam in the presence of lime. Lime absorbs the CO2 released from the coal, producing limestone. The produced gas can be a low-carbon or even zero-carbon (H2) gas, depending on the ratio of lime added to the process. The produced gas can be used in state-of-the-art combined cycles for electricity generation, producing almost no CO2 emissions or other harmful pollutants. The limestone is regenerated in a second reactor, where pure CO2 is produced, which can be either marketed to industry or sequestered in long term disposal areas. The simulation model of a Combined Cycle power plant, integrating the novel carbonation-calcination process, is based on available data from a typical natural gas fired Combined Cycle power plant. The natural gas fired power plant was adopted to firing with the low-C fuel, maintaining the basic operating characteristics. The performance of the novel concept power plant is compared to that of an IGCC with CO2 removal by means of Selexol absorption. Results from thermodynamic simulation, dealing with the most important features for CO2 reduction, are presented. The operating characteristics, as well as the main figures of the plant energy balances are included. A preliminary economic comparison is also provided, taking into account investment and operating costs, in order to estimate the electricity cost related to the two different technological approaches and the economic constrains towards the potentials for applications are examined. The cycle calculations were performed using the thermodynamic cycle calculation software ENBIPRO (ENergie-BIllanz-PROgram). ENBIPRO is a powerful tool for heat and mass balance calculations, solving complex thermodynamic circuits, calculating the efficiency, and allowing exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of power plants. The software code models all pieces of equipment that usually appear in power plant installations and can accurately calculate all thermodynamic properties (temperature, pressure, enthalpy) at each node of the thermodynamic circuit, power consumption of each component, flue gas composition etc [1]. The code has proven its validity by accurately simulating a large number of power plants and through comparison of the results with other commercial software.

scholarly journals A novel approach to assess radial distribution system for optimal sizing of microgrid

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Shalaka Chaphekar ◽  
Anjali A. Dharme
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Penetration Ratio ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
The Impact

<p>The performance of Radial Distribution System (RDS) is enhanced by maintaining the appropriate Penetration Ratio (PR) of Distributed generation.  However, it has been observed that Penetration Ratio cannot be useful to analyze the impact of a Microgrid on performance of RDS. Hence a new index ‘Relief Factor’ (RF) is defined in this paper and the impact of Microgrid at different RF is studied. This paper presents an approach to compute daily energy losses variation when Microgrids of varying RF are connected to RDS having different maximum demands.  A methodology has been proposed for finding optimal RF and location of Microgrid.  In addition, the impact of maximum demand of RDS on optimum RF is analyzed. This paper gives the novel concept of assessing the RDS for integration of Microgrid based on maximum demand of RDS as well as Microgrid and sizing of Microgrid based on optimum Relief Factor.</p>

Edge controller – a small UAVs distributed avionics paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Svetoslav Zabunov ◽  
Roumen Nedkov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Structure And Design

Purpose This paper aims to reveal the authors’ conceptual and experimental work on an innovative avionics paradigm for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Design/methodology/approach This novel approach stipulates that, rather than being centralized at the autopilot, control of avionics devices is instead distributed among controllers – spread over the airframe span, in response to avionics devices’ natural location requirements. The latter controllers are herein referred to as edge controllers by the first author. Findings The edge controller manifests increased efficiency in a number of functions, some of which are unburdened from the autopilot. The edge controller establishes a new paradigm of structure and design of small UAVs avionics such that any functionality related to the periphery of the airframe is implemented in the controller. Research limitations/implications The research encompasses a workbench prototype testing on a breadboard, as the presented idea is a novel concept. Further, another test has been conducted with four controllers mounted on a quadcopter; results from the vertical attitude sustenance are disclosed herein. Practical implications The motivation behind developing this paradigm was the need to position certain avionics devices at different locations on the airframe. Due to their inherent functional requirements, most of these devices have hitherto been placed at the periphery of the aircraft construction. Originality/value The current paper describes the novel avionics paradigm, compares it to the standard approach and further reveals two experimental setups with testing results.

System Integration and Techno-Economy Analysis of the IGCC Plant With CO2 Capture: Results of the EU H2-IGCC Project

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mansouri Majoumerd ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Peter Breuhaus ◽  
Øystein Arild
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Plant Components

The overall goal of the European co-financed H2-IGCC project was to provide and demonstrate technical solutions for highly efficient and reliable gas turbine technology in the next generation of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants with CO2 capture suitable for combusting undiluted H2-rich syngas. This paper aims at providing an overview of the main activities performed in the system analysis working group of the H2-IGCC project. These activities included the modeling and integration of different plant components to establish a baseline IGCC configuration, adjustments and modifications of the baseline configuration to reach the selected IGCC configuration, performance analysis of the selected plant, performing techno-economic assessments and finally benchmarking with competing fossil-based power technologies. In this regard, an extensive literature survey was performed, validated models (components and sub-systems) were used, and inputs from industrial partners were incorporated into the models. Accordingly, different plant components have been integrated considering the practical operation of the plant. Moreover, realistic assumptions have been made to reach realistic techno-economic evaluations. The presented results show that the efficiency of the IGCC plant with CO2 capture is 35.7% (lower heating value basis). The results also confirm that the efficiency is reduced by 11.3 percentage points due to the deployment of CO2 capture in the IGCC plant. The specific capital costs for the IGCC plant with capture are estimated to be 2,901 €/(kW net) and the cost of electricity for such a plant is 90 €/MWh. It is also shown that the natural gas combined cycle without CO2 capture requires the lowest capital investment, while the lowest cost of electricity is related to IGCC plant without CO2 capture.

The Air Injection Power Augmentation Technology Provides Additional Significant Operational Benefits

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Akita ◽  
Shin Gomi ◽  
Scott Cloyd ◽  
Michael Nakhamkin ◽  
Madhukar Chiruvolu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Diffusion Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Injection Power

The Air Injection (AI) Power Augmentation technology (HAI for humid Air injection and DAI for dry air injection) has primary benefits of increasing power of combustion turbine/combined cycle (CT/CC) power plants by 15–30% at a fraction of the new plant cost with coincidental significant heat rate reductions (10–15%) and NOx emissions reductions (for diffusion type combustors up to 60%) (See References 1, 2, 3): Figure 1A is a simplified heat and mass balance for the PG7241 (FA) combustion turbine with HAI. The auxiliary compressor supplies the additional airflow that is mixed with the steam produced by the HRSG and injected upstream of combustors. Figure 1B presents the heat and mass balance for the PG7142 CT based combined cycle power plant with HAI. It is similar to that presented on Figure 1A except that the humid air is created by mixing of steam, extracted from the steam turbine, with the supplementary airflow from the auxiliary compressor. The maximum acceptable injection rates are evaluated with proper margins by a number of factors established by OEMs: the compressor surge limitations, maximum torque, the generator capacities, maximum moisture levels upstream of combustors, etc.

scholarly journals Technical Evaluation of Simplified IGCC Components

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Horner ◽  
R. K. Alff ◽  
J. C. Corman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Hot Gas

Simplified integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants offer attractive advantages for improving the performance of coal to electricity systems. This plant configuration, which utilizes a coal gasifier, hot gas cleanup system, and gas turbine combined cycle, has the potential to reduce both capital costs for equipment and fuel costs through improved efficiency. This paper reports the results of fuel supply and gas turbine testing on actual hot low-Btu coal gas. A pilot-scale advanced fixed-bed gasifier has been modified to supply hot coal gas to a particulate removal cyclone and then to a gas turbine simulator. The hot gas is combusted in a General Electric MS6000 combustor developed for low-Btu gas fuel. The combusted product flows through a MS6000 turbine first-stage nozzle sector. The exhaust gases from the nozzle sector pass over air-cooled cylindrical ash deposition pin specimens and then into a water quench exhaust system. Extensive instrumentation and sampling provisions are utilized to characterize the fuel gas, the combustion gases, and the ash deposits formed on turbine components. Two regimes of nozzle metal surface temperatures have been investigated by separate testing performed including 500–600 °F with water-cooled and 1500–1650 °F with air-cooled nozzle sectors. Results from the test program have provided key data related to fuel gas cleanup and the tolerance of gas turbine hot gas path parts to the products of combustion from coal-derived fuels.

scholarly journals From a Pareto Front to Pareto Regions: A Novel Standpoint for Multiobjective Optimization

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3152
Author(s):  
Carine M. Rebello ◽  
Márcio A. F. Martins ◽  
Daniel D. Santana ◽  
Alírio E. Rodrigues ◽  
José M. Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimizer ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization Problems ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Novel Concept

This work presents a novel approach for multiobjective optimization problems, extending the concept of a Pareto front to a new idea of the Pareto region. This new concept provides all the points beyond the Pareto front, leading to the same optimal condition with statistical assurance. This region is built using a Fisher–Snedecor test over an augmented Lagragian function, for which deductions are proposed here. This test is meant to provide an approximated depiction of the feasible operation region while using meta-heuristic optimization results to extract this information. To do so, a Constrained Sliding Particle Swarm Optimizer (CSPSO) was applied to solve a series of four benchmarks and a case study. The proposed test analyzed the CSPSO results, and the novel Pareto regions were estimated. Over this Pareto region, a clustering strategy was also developed and applied to define sub-regions that prioritize one of the objectives and an intermediary region that provides a balance between objectives. This is a valuable tool in the context of process optimization, aiming at assertive decision-making purposes. As this is a novel concept, the only way to compare it was to draw the entire regions of the benchmark functions and compare them with the methodology result. The benchmark results demonstrated that the proposed method could efficiently portray the Pareto regions. Then, the optimization of a Pressure Swing Adsorption unit was performed using the proposed approach to provide a practical application of the methodology developed here. It was possible to build the Pareto region and its respective sub-regions, where each process performance parameter is prioritized. The results demonstrated that this methodology could be helpful in processes optimization and operation. It provides more flexibility and more profound knowledge of the system under evaluation.

Assessment of Humid Air Turbines in Coal-Fired High Performance Power Systems

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne M. Klara ◽  
Robert M. Enick ◽  
Scott M. Klara ◽  
Lawrence E. Van Bibber
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Net Power Output

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of incorporating a Humid Air Turbine (HAT) into a coal-based, indirectly fired High Performance Power System (HIPPS). The HIPPS/HAT power plant exhibits a one percentage point greater thermal efficiency than the combined-cycle HIPPS plant. The capital costs for the HIPPS and HIPPS/HAT plants with identical net power output are nearly equivalent at $1380/kW. Levelized cost of electricity (COE) for the same size plants is 5.3 cents/kWh for the HIPPS plant and 5.4 cents/kWh for the HIPPS/HAT plant; the HIPPS/HAT plant improved thermal efficiency is offset by the higher fuel cost associated with a lower coal/natural gas fuel ratio. However, improved environmental performance is associated with the HIPPS/HAT cycle, as evidenced by lower CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions. Considering the uncertainties associated with the performance and cost estimates of the yet unbuilt components, the HIPPS/HAT and HIPPS power plants are presently considered to be comparable alternatives for future power generation technologies. The Department of Energy’s Combustion 2000 Program will provide revised design specifications and more accurate costs for these components allowing more definitive assessments to be performed.

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