scholarly journals Responsivity and Noise Equivalent Power of a Single Cold-Electron Bolometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4608
Author(s):  
Ian Jasper Agulo ◽  
Leonid Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Noise Equivalent Power ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Cold Electron ◽  
Attractive Feature ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Single Pixel

We have developed a single-pixel capacitively coupled Cold-Electron Bolometer (CEB) and characterized it in the current-biased regime. The most attractive feature of the CEB is effective electron self-cooling of the absorber, which leads to a lower bolometer noise and higher dynamic range. The bolometer responsivity was measured by determining the voltage response to an applied power through the absorber from a heating current, modulated at frequencies from 35 Hz to 2 kHz. The optimum responsivity of 1.5 × 1010 V/W was measured at a modulation frequency of 35 Hz. The noise equivalent power (NEP) was subsequently obtained from the estimated bolometer noise voltage with respect to the measured bolometer responsivity. The NEP of better 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2 was obtained for modulation frequencies greater than 100 Hz. The background power and the bolometer time constant were also estimated from the experimental results. The photon-noise-limited operation of CEB will dominate for a signal power of 10 fW and higher at frequency 80 GHz and higher.

scholarly journals Neural Rate and Timing Cues for Detection and Discrimination of Amplitude-Modulated Tones in the Awake Rabbit Inferior Colliculus

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 522-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Nelson ◽  
Laurel H. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Depth Functions ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Envelope Processing

Neural responses to amplitude-modulated (AM) tones in the unanesthetized rabbit inferior colliculus (IC) were studied in an effort to establish explicit relationships between physiological and psychophysical measures of temporal envelope processing. Specifically, responses to variations in modulation depth ( m) at the cell’s best modulation frequency, with and without modulation maskers, were quantified in terms of average rate and synchronization to the envelope over the entire perceptual dynamic range of depths. Statistically significant variations in the metrics were used to define neural AM detection and discrimination thresholds. Synchrony emerged at modulation depths comparable with psychophysical AM detection sensitivities in some neurons, whereas the lowest rate-based neural thresholds could not account for psychoacoustical thresholds. The majority of rate thresholds (85%) were −10 dB or higher (in 20 log m), and 16% of the population exhibited no systematic dependence of average rate on m. Neural thresholds for AM detection did not decrease systematically at higher SPLs (as observed psychophysically): thresholds remained constant or increased with level for most cells tested at multiple sound-pressure levels (SPLs). At depths higher than the rate-based detection threshold, some rate modulation-depth functions were sufficiently steep with respect to the across-trial variability of the rate to predict depth discrimination thresholds as low as 1 dB (comparable with the psychophysics). Synchrony, on the other hand, did not vary systematically with m in many cells at high modulation depths. A simple computational model was extended to reproduce several features of the modulation frequency and depth dependence of both transient and sustained pure-tone responders.

scholarly journals Photodetector resistant to background light noise with extended dynamic range of input signals

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. M. Lipka ◽  
V. V. Ryukhtin ◽  
Yu. G. Dobrovolsky
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Automatic Gain Control ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Extended Dynamic

Measurement of periodic optical information signals in the background light noise with a photodetector with extended dynamic range is an urgent task of modern electronics and thus has become the aim of this study. To increase the dynamic range of the photodetector, a new version of the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit has been developed, which consists of an AGC controller, an output photodetector amplifier and an AGC detector. The authors measured the dynamic range of the photodetector when receiving optical radiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm in the power range from 2.10–8 to 2.10–5 W at a modulation frequency of 20 kHz with the AGC on. Under these conditions, the dynamic range of the photodetector was found to be up to 67 dB. If the AGC was off, the dynamic range did not exceed 30 dB. Thus, the study made it possible to create a photodetector with an extended dynamic range up to 67 dB based on a new version of the AGC circuit. The design of the photodetector allowed choosing a useful signal of a particular modulation frequency in the frequency range from 3 to 45 kHz and effectively suppresses the frequencies caused by optical interference in the low frequency range from the frequency of the input signal of constant amplitude up to 3 kHz inclusive. This compensates the current up to 15 mA, which is equivalent to the power of light interference of about 15 mW. Further research should address the issues of reliability of the proposed photodetector design and optimization of its optical system. The photodetector can be used in geodesy and ambient air quality monitoring.

Application of the cepstrum method for processing iridology television signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Video Signal ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Television System ◽  
Digital Correction ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Reading Beam

The questions of the cepstrum method application for the processing of iridology television signals are considered. A cepstrum method for processing a delayed video signal of an aerospace television system is proposed. The application of the method greatly facilitates the determination of the delay and expands the dynamic range of the corrected signal. An expression for determining the power cepstrum at different apertures of the reading beam is received and a suboptimal model of an ideal corrector is designed. Keywords aperture correction; digital correction; linear and nonlinear correctors; cepstrum method; aperture; Gaussian aperture; exponential aperture; signal power cepstrum

Contrast encoding in retinal bipolar cells: Current vs. voltage

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALLACE B. THORESON ◽  
DWIGHT A. BURKHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Cone Voltage ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Retinal Bipolar Cells ◽  
Contrast Response

To investigate the influence of voltage-sensitive conductances in shaping light-evoked responses of retinal bipolar cells, whole-cell recordings were made in the slice preparation of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. To study contrast encoding, the retina was stimulated with 0.5-s steps of negative and positive contrasts of variable magnitude. In the main, responses recorded under voltage- and current-clamp modes were remarkably similar. In general agreement with past results in the intact retina, the contrast/response curves were relatively steep for small contrasts, thus showing high contrast gain; the dynamic range was narrow, and responses tended to saturate at relatively small contrasts. For ON and OFF cells, linear regression analysis showed that the current response accounted for 83–93% of the variance of the voltage response. Analysis of specific parameters of the contrast/response curve showed that contrast gain was marginally higher for voltage than current in three of four cases, while no significant differences were found for half-maximal contrast (C50), dynamic range, or contrast dominance. In sum, the overall similarity between current and voltage responses indicates that voltage-sensitive conductances do not play a major role in determining the shape of the bipolar cell's contrast response in the light-adapted retina. The salient characteristics of the contrast response of bipolars apparently arise between the level of the cone voltage response and the postsynaptic current of bipolar cells, via the transformation between cone voltage and transmitter release and/or via the interaction between the neurotransmitter glutamate and its postsynaptic receptors on bipolar cells.

A Novel α-Si(C):H Color Sensor Array

1994 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhu ◽  
H. Stiebig ◽  
P. Rieve ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
M. Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Signal Distortion ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Pixel

ABSTRACTA novel α-Si(C):H color sensor array has been developed. In this device a single pixel consists of a combination of an amorphous silicon nipin detector and a crystalline operational amplifier. Steady state and transient opto electronic behavior of the nipin structure have been studied in order to optimize the design of the image sensor. Nipin structures are found to exhibit excellent dynamic range (125 dB) and linearity. The crystalline electronics causes only very little signal distortion which makes this sensor device a potential candidate for color image capture and processing for a wide range of illumination levels.

Chaos-Based Through-Wall Life-Detection Radar

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (07) ◽  
pp. 1930020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Xu ◽  
Liqiang Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jianguo Zhang ◽  
Hong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Chaotic Signal ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Probe Signal ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
Life Detection

We propose a chaos-based through-wall life-detection radar utilizing a wideband Boolean-chaos signal as the radar probe signal. The range between the radar and the human target can be obtained by correlating the chaotic signal reflected from the human target with its delayed duplicate. Actually, this range is modulated periodically by human chest wall displacements along the time axis of recording signal and the modulation frequency is equal to the respiratory frequency. Therefore, we design a life-detection algorithm based on correlation method to extract the human’s respiratory frequency and range information from echo signals. Experimental results demonstrate that our radar can simultaneously detect the respiratory frequency and range of the human target behind a 20-cm-thick wall within the range of at least 5[Formula: see text]m. The dynamic range and range resolution can reach 35[Formula: see text]dB and 15[Formula: see text]cm, respectively. Furthermore, the excellent anti-interference performance of the proposed radar has also been demonstrated, which makes it especially suitable for search and rescue missions in complex electromagnetic environments.

scholarly journals A distributed-absorber cold-electron bolometer single pixel at 95 GHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 092602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahashabde ◽  
M. A. Tarasov ◽  
M. Salatino ◽  
A. Sobolev ◽  
S. Masi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Electron ◽  
Single Pixel

scholarly journals Interferometric Technique for the Spectral Characterization of High Frequency Current-Modulated Mid-Infrared Semiconductor Lasers

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Marc-Simon Bahr ◽  
Marcus Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Interference Signal ◽  
Interferometric Technique ◽  
Interband Cascade Laser ◽  
The Absolute

We describe two methods, based on Michelson interferometery, that enable the determination of the absolute wavelength of current-modulated semiconductor lasers. By non-linear regression of the instantaneous frequency of the interference signal, the rate of change of the wavelength of the radiation can be inferred. Alternatively, the absolute wavelength can be directly calculated from the maxima and minima of the interference signal. In both cases a reference absorption line enables the determination of the absolute wavelength. Both methods offer respective advantages. The methods allow a highly resolved wavelength measurement under lower kilohertz range current-modulation with relatively little effort. As a result, we present the rates of wavelength change and absolute wavelengths exemplarily for a specific interband cascade laser. It is furthermore shown that the spectral dynamic range of the laser decreases with increasing modulation frequency.

Signal-Power Dynamic Range Enlargement of a Raman-Assisted Phase-Sensitive-Amplifier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi Akasaka ◽  
Yinwen Cao ◽  
Shigehiro Takasaka ◽  
Ryuichi Sugizaki ◽  
Haoqian Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Power Dynamic ◽  
Phase Sensitive
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