scholarly journals Metabolite Profiling of Christia vespertilionis Leaf Metabolome via Molecular Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3526
Author(s):  
Anis Irfan Norazhar ◽  
Soo Yee Lee ◽  
Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi ◽  
Khozirah Shaari

Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh. f. is an ornamental plant with unique butterfly-shaped leaves, hence its vernacular name “butterfly wing” or “rerama” in Malay. In Malaysia, the green-leafed variety of this plant has gained popularity in recent years due to testimonial reports by local consumers of its medicinal uses, which include treatment for cancer. Despite these popular uses, there is very limited information on the phytochemistry of the leaf of this plant, presenting a significant gap in the cheminformatics of the plant species. Herein, we report a substantially detailed phytochemical profile of the leaf metabolome of the green-leafed variety of C. vespertilionis, obtained by deploying an untargeted tandem mass spectrometry-based molecular networking approach. The detailed inspection of the molecular network map generated for the leaf metabolome enabled the putative identification of 60 metabolites, comprising 13 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids, 2 benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline-type alkaloids, 4 hydroxyjasmonic acid derivatives, 2 phenethyl derivatives, 3 monoacylglycerols, 4 fatty acid amides, 2 chlorophyll derivatives, 4 carotenoids, 2 organic acids, 1 nucleoside, and 3 amino acids. Flavonoids are the major class of metabolites that characterize the plant leaves. Employing a mass-targeted isolation approach, two new derivatives of apigenin-6-C-β-glucoside, the major constituents of the plant leaf, were successfully purified and spectroscopically characterized as apigenin-6-C-β-glucoside 4′-O-α-apiofuranoside (28) and apigenin-6-C-β-[(4″,6″-O-dimalonyl)-glucoside] 4′-O-α-apiofuranoside (47). This work provides further information on the chemical space of the plant leaf, which is a prerequisite to further research towards its valorization as a potential phytopharmaceutical product.

Author(s):  
Vivek K. Verma ◽  
Tarun Jain

The disease occurrence phenomena in plants are season-based which is dependent on the presence of the pathogen, crops, environmental conditions, and varieties grown. Some plant varieties are particularly subject to outbreaks of diseases; on the other hand, some are opposite to them. Huge numbers of diseases are seen on the plant leaves and stems. Diseases management is a challenging task. Generally, diseases are seen on the leaves or stems of the plant. Image processing is the best way for the detection of plant leaf diseases. Different kinds of diseases occur because of the attack of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The monitoring of leaf area is an important tool in studying physiological capabilities associated with plant boom. Plant disorder is usually an unusual growth or dysfunction of a plant. Sometimes diseases damage the leaves of plants.


Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong-Y Mai ◽  
Marceau Levasseur ◽  
Didier Buisson ◽  
David Touboul ◽  
Véronique Eparvier

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens and the increase of antimicrobial resistance constitutes a major health challenge, leading to intense research efforts being focused on the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, endophytes were isolated from different parts of Sandwithia guyanensis plant (leaves, wood and latex) belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and known to produce antimicrobial compounds, and chemically characterised using Molecular Network in order to discover novel antimicrobial molecules. One fungal endophyte extract obtained from S. guyanensis latex showed significant antimicrobial activity with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 16 µg/mL. The chemical investigation of this fungus (Lecanicillium genus) extract led to the isolation of 5 stephensiolides compounds, four of which demonstrated antibacterial activity. Stephensiolide I and G showed the highest antibacterial activity on MRSA with a MIC at 4 and 16 µg/mL respectively.


Author(s):  
Jithu U. Krishnan ◽  
Meera George ◽  
Ajesh G.

Objective: Medicinal plants are a source of great economic value all over the world and are on the front dusk of traditional medicine. Daturametel L, is one among the foresaid and this plant can be explored further as per its diversity of uses and on the basis of wide range of chemical compounds reported to be present in various parts of the plant. In the present investigation, Phyto-chemistry of D. metel has been analysed along with its antibacterial property.Methods: The selected plant leaves were collected and powdered. The bioactive compounds were extracted by using different solvents. Various phytochemical tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and amino acids were done accordingly with standard protocol of testing. The study also extends to view the anti-bacterial potential by determining inhibition of growth using agar well diffusion method.Results: Phytochemical analysis reflected the presence of compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and amino acids. It was noted that steroids and tannins are absent. Antimicrobial activity proves extract of ethanolis the most promising against the pathogens from the rest screened.Conclusion: Thearticle addresses, the undocumented knowledge regarding the phytochemical profile of D. metel which demand further exploration widely to serve Humanity. Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extract are very promising to deliver it as a pharmaceutical.


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algimantas Sirvydas ◽  
Vidmantas Kučinskas ◽  
Paulius Kerpauskas ◽  
Jūratė Nadzeikienė ◽  
Albinas Kusta

Solar radiation energy is used by vegetation, which predetermines the existence of biosphere. The plant uses 1–2% of the absorbed radiant energy for photosynthesis. All the remaining share of the absorbed energy, accounting for 99–98%, converts into thermal energy in the plant leaf. At the lowest wind under natural surrounding air conditions, plant leaves change their position with respect to the Sun. An oscillating plant leaf receives a variable amount of solar radiation energy, which causes changes in the balance of plant leaf energies and a changing emission of heat in the leaf. The analysis of solar radiation energy pulsations in the plant leaf shows that when the leaf is in the edge positions of angles 10°, 20° and 30° with respect to the Sun, 1.5%; 6% and 13% less of radiation energy reach the leaf, respectively. During periodic motion, when the amplitude of leaf oscillation is no bigger than 10°, the plant surface receives up to 1.6% less of solar radiation energy within a certain period of time, and when the amplitude of oscillation reaches 30° up to 14% less of solar radiation energy reach the leaf surface. The total amount of radiant energy received during pulsations of solar radiation energy is not dependent on the frequency of oscillation in the same interval of time. Temperature pulsations occur in the leaf due to solar radiation energy pulsations when the plant leaf naturally changes its position with respect to the Sun. Santrauka Saules spinduliuotes energija būtina augalijai, kuri lemia biosferos egzistavima. Augalas 1–2 % absorbuotos spinduliuotes energijos sunaudoja fotosintezei, o 99–98 % absorbuotos energijos augalo lape virsta šilumine energija. Natūraliomis aplinkos salygomis esant mažiausiam vejui augalo lapu padetis Saules atžvilgiu keičiasi. Taigi augalo svyruojančio lapo gaunamas Saules spinduliuotes energijos kiekis yra kintamas, tai sukelia pokyčius augalo lapo energiju balanse ir kintama šilumos išsiskyrima lape. Analizuojant Saules spinduliuotes energijos pulsacijas augalo lape, nustatyta, kad, lapui esant kraštinese 10°, 20° ir 30° kampu padetyse Saules atžvilgiu, i ji atitinkamai patenka 1,5 %; 6 % ir 13 % mažiau spinduliuotes energijos. Augalo lapui periodiškai svyruojant, kai svyravimo amplitude yra iki 10°, per tam tikra laika i lapo paviršiu patenka iki 1,6 % mažiau Saules spinduliuotes energijos, o kai svyravimo amplitu‐de siekia iki 30°, – iki 14 % mažiau. Saules spinduliuotes energijos pulsaciju metu gautas bendras spinduliuotes energijos kiekis nepriklauso nuo to paties laiko intervalo svyravimo dažnio. Del Saules spinduliuotes energijos pulsaciju, natūraliai keičiantis augalo lapo padečiai Saules atžvilgiu, lape kyla temperatūros pulsacijos. Резюме Растения потребляют солнечную лучевую энергию, которая является основой существования биосферы. 1–2% абсорбированной лучевой энергии они используют на фотосинтез. В натуральных условиях при малейшем дуновении ветра листья растений меняют свое положение относительно Солнца. Колеблющийся лист получает переменное количество лучевой энергии, которое вызывает изменения в энергетическом балансе листа растения, что сказывается на переменном выделении тепла в листе. Анализируя пульсации солнечной лучевой энергии в листе растения, установлено, что при крайних положениях листа относительно Солнца на 10, 20 и 30 градусов на лист попадает соответственно на 1,5%, 6% и 13% меньше лучевой энергии. При периодическом колебании листа, когда амплитуда его колебания составляет 10 градусов, за известный промежуток времени солнечная лучевая энергия, попадающая на поверхность листа, уменьшается до 1,6%, а при амплитуде колебания до 30 градусов соответственно количество лучевой энергии на поверхности листа растения уменьшается до 14%. Установлено, что суммарное количество солнечной лучевой энергии во время пульсации не зависит от частоты колебания листа за одинаковый промежуток времени. Пульсации солнечной лучевой энергии при изменении положения листа растения относительно Солнца вызывают температурные пульсации в листе.


Author(s):  
Malusi Sibiya ◽  
Mbuyu Sumbwanyambe

Machine learning systems use different algorithms to detect the diseases affecting the plant leaves. Nevertheless, selecting a suitable machine learning framework differs from study to study, depending on the features and complexity of the software packages. This paper introduces a taxonomic inspection of the literature in deep learning frameworks for the detection of plant leaf diseases. The objective of this study is to identify the dominating software frameworks in the literature for modelling machine learning plant leaf disease detecting systems.


2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 3516-3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-hsuan Tsai ◽  
Carla M. Borini Etichetti ◽  
Carolina Di Benedetto ◽  
Javier E. Girardini ◽  
Felipe Terra Martins ◽  
...  

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