scholarly journals Engine Malfunctioning Conditions Identification through Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque Measurement Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Konstantinos-Marios Tsitsilonis ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Diagnostic Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

In this study a coupled thermodynamics and crankshaft dynamics model of a large two-stroke diesel engine was utilised, to map the relationship of the engine Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque (ICT) with the following frequently occurring malfunctioning conditions: (a) change in Start of Injection (SOI), (b) change in Rate of Heat Release (RHR), (c) change in scavenge air pressure, and (d) blowby. This was performed using frequency analysis on the engine ICT, which was obtained through a series of parametric runs of the coupled engine model, under the various malfunctioning and healthy operating conditions. This process demonstrated that engine ICT can be successfully utilised to identify the distinct effects of malfunctions (c) or (d), as they occur individually in any cylinder. Furthermore by using the same process, malfunctions (a) and (b) can be identified as they occur individually for any cylinder, however there is no distinct effect on the engine ICT among these malfunctions, since their effect on the in-cylinder pressure is similar. As a result, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the engine ICT as a non-intrusive diagnostic measurement, as well as the benefits of malfunctioning conditions mapping, which allows for quick and less resource intensive identification of engine malfunctions.

A pilot web former designed to study retention-formation relationships

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Anna Svedberg ◽  
Tom Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A pilot-scale fourdrinier former has been developed for the purpose of investigating the relationship between retention and paper formation (features, retention aids, dosage points, etc.). The main objective of this publication was to present the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine and demonstrate some of its fields of applications. For a fine paper stock (90% hardwood and 10% softwood) with addition of 25% filler (based on total solids content), the relationship between retention and formation was investigated for a microparticulate retention aid (cationic polyacrylamide together with anionic montmorillonite clay). The retention-formation relationship of the retention aid system was investigated after choosing standardized machine operating conditions (e.g. the jet-to-wire speed ratio). As expected, the formation was impaired when the retention was increased. Since good reproducibility was attained, the R-F (Retention and formation)-machine was found to be a useful tool for studying the relationship between retention and paper formation.

Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Variable Injection Timing System Performance Evaluation and Optimum Setting for Minimum Fuel Consumption at Acceptable NOx Levels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Spiridon Raptotasios ◽  
Antonis Antonopoulos ◽  
Stavros Daniolos ◽  
Iosif Dolaptzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Start Of Injection

Currently the most promising solution for marine propulsion is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engine. Start of Injection (SOI) is of significant importance for these engines due to its effect on firing pressure and specific fuel consumption. Therefore these engines are usually equipped with Variable Injection Timing (VIT) systems for variation of SOI with load. Proper operation of these systems is essential for both safe engine operation and performance since they are also used to control peak firing pressure. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate the operation of VIT system and determine the required rack settings for a specific SOI angle without using experimental techniques, which are extremely expensive and time consuming. For this reason in the present work it is examined the use of on-board monitoring and diagnosis techniques to overcome this difficulty. The application is conducted on a commercial vessel equipped with a two-stroke engine from which cylinder pressure measurements were acquired. From the processing of measurements acquired at various operating conditions it is determined the relation between VIT rack position and start of injection angle. This is used to evaluate the VIT system condition and determine the required settings to achieve the desired SOI angle. After VIT system tuning, new measurements were acquired from the processing of which results were derived for various operating parameters, i.e. brake power, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate, start of combustion etc. From the comparative evaluation of results before and after VIT adjustment it is revealed an improvement of specific fuel consumption while firing pressure remains within limits. It is thus revealed that the proposed method has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of purely experimental trial and error methods and that its use can result to fuel saving with minimum effort and time. To evaluate the corresponding effect on NOx emissions, as required by Marpol Annex-VI regulation a theoretical investigation is conducted using a multi-zone combustion model. Shop-test and NOx-file data are used to evaluate its ability to predict engine performance and NOx emissions before conducting the investigation. Moreover, the results derived from the on-board cylinder pressure measurements, after VIT system tuning, are used to evaluate the model’s ability to predict the effect of SOI variation on engine performance. Then the simulation model is applied to estimate the impact of SOI advance on NOx emissions. As revealed NOx emissions remain within limits despite the SOI variation (increase).

Simulation of Valve Position Feedback Mechanism Based on Pro/E and ADAMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
You Jun Fan ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Hua Tian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Joint Simulation ◽  
Force And Motion ◽  
Motion State ◽  
Position Feedback ◽  
Displacement Angle ◽  
Valve Position ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In traditional valve position feedback mechanism design, it is tested repeatedly and improvement after processing prototype, the process is complex and workload. Using Pro/E and ADAMS, the overall mechanical structure of the valve position feedback mechanism for joint simulation, and an analysis of the kinematics and dynamics model, simplified the design process of the repeated calculation, get the relationship of stem displacement-angle between gear, gear meshing force and motion state of the stem, the simulation value compared with the theoretical value, tallies with the data and shows that the simulation is reasonable.

scholarly journals Physical features of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Gennadiy Turk ◽  
Oksana Gurova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the process of reducing air pollution in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories. The objectives of the work were to study and identify the physical characteristics of the process of reducing air pollution for the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories, for its subsequent effective implementation with the help of engineering systems. A block diagram is suggested of the physical model of the process of reducing air pollution for the considered production and technological conditions, revealing the relationship of a set of consistently and purposefully implemented stages of the cycle of dusting, using physical and energy concept as the theoretical basis. As a result of the study of the process of reducing air pollution, in relation to the operating conditions of the drying drum of brick factories operation, based on the analysis of possible solutions of the problem of dusting, physical features of the process of reducing air pollution for these production and technological conditions were identified for its subsequent effective implementation by means of engineering systems.

scholarly journals Cycle-skipping strategy with intake air cut off for natural gas fueled Si engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110310
Author(s):  
Erdal Tunçer ◽  
Tarkan Sandalci ◽  
Saban Pusat ◽  
Özgün Balcı ◽  
Yasin Karagöz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Inlet Manifold

In this study, cycle-skipping was investigated for a natural gas engine which has single cylinder, unsupercharged with 1.16 L volume and spark ignition. Additionally, inlet manifold air was switched off during cycle-skipping to minimize pumping losses. Thus, cycle-skipping strategy was carried out, and its effects on emission and engine performance were investigated. Indicated mean effective pressure, indicated efficiency, specific emissions (CO, HC, and NOX) and combustion characteristics (in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release) were investigated in the study. As a result of performed study, it is predicted that a significant improvement can be achieved in indicated thermal efficiency as 22.8% and 13.4% by different cycle-skipping strategies. However, there is not a continuous change in emissions for different cycle-skipping strategies. While CO and NOX emissions increased in 3N1S (three normal, one cycle-skip) condition, HC emissions decreased in accordance with normal condition. For both cycle-skipping strategies, all the emissions have an increase in accordance with normal condition. In 3N1S and 2N1S (two normal, one cycle-skip) cycle skip engine operating conditions, compared to engine operating under normal condition, CO emissions increased by 14.7 and 51.7 times, respectively. In terms of HC emissions, while emission values decreased by 27.8% under 3N1S operating conditions, they increased by 67.2% under 2N1S operating conditions. Finally, in 3N1S and 2N1S cycle skip engine operating conditions, NOx emissions increased by 3.7 and 6.9 times, respectively, compared to normal operating condition. Another significant result of this study is that peak in-cylinder pressure increased as the cycle-skipping rate increased.

Using turbidity and particle counts to monitor Cryptosporidium removals by filters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Huck ◽  
B.M. Coffey ◽  
W.B. Anderson ◽  
M.B. Emelko ◽  
D.D. Maurizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Filter Cycle

Physicochemical removal of protozoan pathogens is receiving increased attention because of the difficulty of chemically inactivating these organisms, particularly Cryptosporidium parvum. Most studies that have examined the removal of these and other pathogens by filtration have been conducted under steady-state conditions with optimized pre-treatment. The research on which this paper is based evaluated the removal of Cryptosporidium and surrogates at various points in the filter cycle and under non-optimal conditions, at several pilot plants. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between removals of Cryptosporidium, and turbidity and particle counts. Under stable or optimal operating conditions all pilot plants produced similar low filter effluent turbidity and particle counts. Average Cryptosporidium removal varied among locations, however, by more than two log units. Cryptosporidium removal was impaired under all of the non-optimal conditions. Particle and turbidity performance was also worse, but the relationship of these parameters to Cryptosporidium removal varied. Particle counts show greater promise than turbidity as a tool to monitor filter performance in real time for possible deterioration in Cryptosporidium removal capability.

scholarly journals Research of algorithms for recognizing and determining the coordinates of apple fruits on the crown of a tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Igor G. Smirnov ◽  
Vladimir V. Krasnoborodko ◽  
Dmitry A. Syrovatsky ◽  
Artyom Yu. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Shooting Distance

This paper presents the results of a study of the Apple fruit recognition system on the crown of a tree based on the use of an artificial neural network (ANN). The article describes the process of conducting a multi-factor experiment to determine the relationship between the operating conditions of ANN: illumination, shooting distance, photo resolution, and determining their optimal parameters that allow obtaining the highest quality results. The obtained mathematical model reflects the relationship of such factors as illumination, distance to the object, shooting resolution and their influence on the reliability (accuracy) of object recognition in the photo. The optimal parameters of these factors are determined, at which the maximum value of recognition reliability of the desired objects is reached.

Fuel-Forced Flame Response of a Lean-Premixed Combustor

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poravee Orawannukul ◽  
Jong Guen Lee ◽  
Bryan D. Quay ◽  
Domenic A. Santavicca
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chemiluminescence Intensity ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Flame Response ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
The Relationship

The response of a swirl-stabilized flame to equivalence ratio fluctuations is experimentally investigated in a single-nozzle lean premixed combustor. Equivalence ratio fluctuations are produced using a siren device to modulate the flow rate of fuel to the injector, while the air flow rate is kept constant. The magnitude and phase of the equivalence ratio fluctuations are measured near the exit of the nozzle using an infrared absorption technique. The flame response is characterized by the fluctuation in the flame’s overall rate of heat release, which is determined from the total CH* chemiluminescence emission from the flame. The relationship between total CH* chemiluminescence intensity and the flame’s overall rate of heat release is determined from a separate calibration experiment which accounts for the nonlinear relationship between chemiluminescence intensity and equivalence ratio. Measurements of the normalized equivalence ratio fluctuation and the normalized rate of heat release fluctuation are made over a range of modulation frequencies from 200 Hz to 440 Hz, which corresponds to Strouhal numbers from 0.4 to 2.8. These measurements are used to determine the fuel-forced flame transfer function which expresses the relationship between the equivalence ratio and rate of heat release fluctuations in terms of a gain and phase as a function of frequency. In addition, phase-synchronized CH* chemiluminescence images are captured to study the dynamics of the flame response over the modulation period. These measurements are made over a range of operating conditions and the results are analyzed to identify and better understand the mechanisms whereby equivalence ratio fluctuations result in fluctuations in the flame’s overall rate of heat release. Such information is essential to guide the formulation and validation of analytical fuel-forced flame response models and hence to predict combustion dynamics in gas turbine combustors.

scholarly journals The authors would like to thank the staff of the Organisation of Transportation and Transport Management Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-509
Author(s):  
B. S. Trofimov ◽  
I. S. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dump Truck ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Introduction. The article is devoted to the lorries work planning, the operational characteristics of which will make it possible to transport loads of different properties due to changes in the design of these vehicles. The purpose of the study is to develop a new scientific and methodological approach for planning the operation of trucks, which allows taking into account the compliance of a) the controlled parameters of the vehicle with the required values when making changes to the design, b) the planned volume of technical impacts to the required volume for the periods of operation of vehicles in certain conditions, c) the volume transportation in the contract for the planned production of vehicles for the transportation of various types of goods.Materials and methods. To plan the work of a lorry, taking into account changes in its design, it is required to use improved methods for optimizing the planning of the work of a freight motor transport enterprise, which is the relationship of activities for the transportation of goods, maintenance and current repair. The basis of the presented materials and methods is the scientific work of domestic and foreign scientists on the operation of cars with changes in its design; the main provisions of the Federal Laws in terms of permits for the operation of vehicles. The methodological basis of theoretical and experimental research is system analysis and logical analysis.Results. The authors have developed a scientific and methodological approach to planning the operation of a lorry, taking into account changes in its design to fulfill the terms of contracts and make a profit for the trucking company.Discussion and conclusions. The implementation and testing of the scientific and methodological approach were carried out according to the algorithm of the developed methodology in the operating conditions of a motor transport enterprise in the city of Omsk. A procedure was carried out to obtain a certificate from the traffic police after changes were made to the design of the KamAZ-53212 vehicle in order to operate it as a dump truck, and a calculation of costs and profits was made to fulfill the terms of contracts for the transportation of various types of goods.

Engine Cycle-by-Cycle Cylinder Wall Temperature Observer-Based Estimation Through Cylinder Pressure Signals

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Yan ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Disturbance Observer ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Cycle Basis

The effects caused by the cylinder wall temperature variations are nontrivial in advanced combustion mode engine control, particularly in cold-start processes and transients when the combustion mode switches from one to another. Being affected by the engine coolant and operating conditions on a cycle-by-cycle basis, cylinder wall temperature is difficult to be directly measured, and it is typically viewed as an unknown disturbance or estimated as a quasi-static parameter. However, such treatments of the cylinder wall temperature may not be sufficient in sophisticated control of combustion processes. This paper aims to estimate the cylinder wall temperature, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, through cylinder pressure signals in diesel engines. In the proposed methods, the cylinder wall temperature is modeled as a disturbance in the in-cylinder pressure dynamics. Thus, the wall temperature in each cylinder can be estimated, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, by the disturbance observer methods in finite crankshaft angles. Furthermore, to reduce the cylinder wall temperature estimation errors caused by the high-frequency noises in the cylinder pressure signals, a robust disturbance observer is proposed and compared with a typical design method. Through GT-Power engine model simulations and engine experimental results, the observer effectiveness, noise attenuation properties, and applications on a multicylinder diesel engine are evaluated.

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