scholarly journals Comparative Tissue Responses of Marine Mollusks on Seasonal Changes in the Northern Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Natalija Topić Popović ◽  
Martina Krbavčić ◽  
Josip Barišić ◽  
Blanka Beer Ljubić ◽  
Ivančica Strunjak-Perović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Marine Mollusks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

In the shallow Northern Adriatic, marine mollusks are affected by bottom trawling and seafood disturbance. Seasonal oscillations of oceanographic factors additionally influence their physiology, stress responses and survival. Tissue responses to seasonal variations in green ormer (Haliotis tuberculata L.) and Mediterranean scallop (Pecten jacobaeus L.) in the Northern Adriatic have not been reported. Hence, their biochemical and antioxidant defense properties over seasons were studied and the microanatomical structure of their tissue was correlated with function. Histological analysis of gonads revealed two peaks of gonadal maturation and spawning during the spring/summer period and winter season for scallops, and one peak during the fall for ormers. The gonadal maturation of both species was correlated with their seasonal variations of metabolic demands and antioxidant capacity. The lipid vacuoles of tubuloacinar terminations in the digestive gland differed between the two species; in scallop they are several-fold larger in size and number. Low temperatures in winter contributed to a decline in enzymatic antioxidant defense in scallop tissues, having lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). In ormers, winter induced lower TAS, TBARS, SOD and GPx concentrations. The significant difference of winter TAS and TBARS levels between ormers and scallops was correlated with variations in their reproductive cycles, as well as in antioxidant defense systems. The most important factor for stress-related parameters for both species in this work was found to be the season-induced temperature change.

scholarly journals Mitoubiquinol Mesylate Attenuated Diethyl Nitrosamine–Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Adisa Rahmat Adetutu ◽  
Sulaimon Lateef Adegboyega ◽  
Okeke Ebele Geraldine ◽  
Ariyo OC ◽  
Abdulkareem Fatimah Biade
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Tumor Incidence ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant cancer, with a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) cirrhosis HCC–induced model has revealed an association of cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoubiquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant derivative from ubiquinone on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats per group. Groups A, B, and C received distilled water 10 mL/kg DEN, and MitoQ orally for 16 weeks, respectively. Animals in group D were pretreated with MitoQ for 1 week followed by coadministration of MitoQ and DEN (protective effect), whereas group E received DEN for 8 weeks, then coadministration of DEN and MitoQ (therapeutic effect) until the end of the study. Survival index, tumor incidence, liver function indices, hematologic profile, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and antioxidant defense status were assessed. RESULTS Data obtained show that rats in groups D and E had 80% survival and decreased tumor incidence (40% and 60%, respectively) compared with group B. Similarly, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) decreased the activities of liver function enzymes, while hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and lymphocytes levels were significantly elevated compared with the DEN-only group. Furthermore, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) protected the liver from DEN-induced oxidative damage; however, there was no significant difference ( P > .05) between activities of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase of groups A, B, D, and E, respectively, although these enzyme activities were significantly ( P < .05) elevated in group C. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated a reversal of DEN-induced cellular degeneration in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MitoQ treatment for 16 weeks attenuated DEN-induced oxidative stress indices via modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems and could alleviate the burden of HCC as a chemotherapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Chitosan Modified Biochar Increases Soybean (Glycine max L.) Resistance to Salt-Stress by Augmenting Root Morphology, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and the Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz ◽  
Sammina Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Soybean is an important oilseed crop that provides high-quality protein and vegetable oil. Salinity constitutes a negative abiotic factor that reduces soybean plant growth, production, and quality. The adsorption of Na+ by chitosan-modified biochar (CMB) has a significant effect on salinity but the application of CMB is limited in soybean. In the current study, CMB was used for characterization of physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of soybean under salt stress. Comparison of CMB and unmodified (as-is) biochar (BR) demonstrated a significant difference between them shown by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scan electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis and z-potential measurement. Pseudo-first and second-order better suited for the analysis of Na+ adsorption kinetics. The salt-stress reduced the soybean plants growth, root architecture characteristics, biomass yield, nutrients acquisition, chlorophyll contents, soluble protein, and sugar contents, while CMB with salt-stress significantly increased the above parameters. Moreover, CMB also reduced the salinity-induced increase in the Na+, glycine betaine (GB), proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plants. The antioxidant activity and gene expression levels triggered by salinity but with the application of CMB significantly further boosted the expression profile of four genes (CAT, APX, POD and SOD) encoding antioxidant enzyme and two salt-tolerant conferring genes (GmSALT3 and CHS). Overall, these findings demonstrate the crucial role of CMB in minimizing the adverse effects of high salinity on soybean growth and efficiency of the mechanisms enabling plant protection from salinity through a shift of the architecture of the root system and enhancing the antioxidant defense systems and stress-responsive genes for achieving sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals The Change of Metallothionein and Oxidative Response in Gills of the Oreochromis niloticus after Exposure to Copper

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridlotul Ma’rifah ◽  
Miftahul Rohmah Saputri ◽  
Agoes Soegianto ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Similar Tendency ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidative Response ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

In the present study, we investigated the effects of waterborne copper (Cu) on the levels of metallothionein (MT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gills of cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus. The Cu concentrations in gills were measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The sandwich-ELISA was used to measure MT, SOD, CAT, and MDA. The Cu concentrations in gills of fish that were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 mg Cu/L were significantly increased at day 1 (D1), then gradually decreased starting from D2, and reaches the similar value with the controls at D5. A similar tendency has been observed in the MT levels in the gills. All of the Cu-exposed fish showed the highest level of MT on D1, and then decreased at D3 and a plateau at D4 and D5. The levels of SOD and CAT in gills in all Cu-exposed fish showed a similar pattern: increased significantly at D1, then gradually decreased starting from D2, and increased again at D4 and D5. The levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish showed no significant difference. The indifference levels of MDA in gills of all Cu-exposed fish suggested the antioxidant defense systems (SOD and CAT) combined with the induction of MT were able to completely scavenge the increased ROS.

POSSIBILITIES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN PATIENTS WITH SUPERIOR HYPERPLASIA OF THE PEDESTAL GLAND AND ACCOMPANYING CHRONIC POSTATITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Георгиевич Осипов ◽  
Андрей Александрович Береш ◽  
Юрий Сергеевич Ханин ◽  
Олеся Игоревна Некрылова
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Benign Hyperplasia

Несмотря на достигнутые успехи в диагностике и лечении, на сегодняшний день проблема хронического простатита у пациентов с доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты продолжает оставаться актуальной. Тем временем, выздоровление или же стойкая ремиссия хронического простатита наступает только у 30-35% больных, которые получают традиционное лечение. В патогенезе хронического простатита важное место занимают мембранопатологические процессы, которые обусловлены активацией перекисного окисления липидов и нарушением состояния антиоксидантной системы защиты. У больных с хроническим простатитом и доброкачественной гиперплазией простаты наблюдается существенное усиление процессов липопероксидации на фоне сниженной функциональной способности антиоксидантных систем защиты организма. Поэтому равновесие в оксидантно-антиоксидантной системе является важным звеном в поддержании гомеостаза и, в частности, при патологии предстательной железы, предопределяет включение в комплексное лечение средств антиоксидантного действия. Перспективным можно считать применение препаратов с высоким содержанием биофлавоноидов и антиоксидантных витаминов. Включение в комплексное лечение таких пациентов препарата Кверцетина приводит к сокращению сроков нормализации клинико-лабораторных проявлений заболевания благодаря восстановлению равновесия между перекисным окислением липидов и состоянием антиоксидантной системы защиты Despite the successes achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, to date, the problem of chronic progression in patients with benign hyperplasia of the growth continues to remain relevant. Meanwhile, recovery or persistent remission of chronic prostatitis occurs only in 30-35% of patients who receive traditional treatment. In the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis, membrane-pathological processes take an important place, which are caused by the activation of lipid peroxidation and impaired state of the antioxidant defense system. In patients with chronic prostate and benign hyperplasia, a significant increase in lipoperoxidation processes is observed against the background of a reduced functional ability of antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the equilibrium in the oxidant-antioxidant system is an important link in the maintenance of homeostasis and, in particular, with the pathology of the prostate gland, allows the inclusion of antioxidant drugs in the complex treatment. The use of drugs with a high content of bioflavonoids and antioxidant vitamins can be considered promising. The inclusion of such patients in the complex treatment of the drug Quercetin leads to a reduction in the normalization period of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease due to the restoration of the equilibrium between the peroxidation of the lipid peroxidation system and the state of lipid peroxidation

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Are insulin-resistance and oxidative stress cause or consequence of aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (14) ◽  
pp. 1260-1267
Author(s):  
Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak ◽  
Dorota Stołtny ◽  
Alicja Brożek ◽  
Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń ◽  
Ewa Wysocka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Insulin resistance (IR) may be associated with oxidative stress and leads to cardiovascular disorders. Current research focuses on interplay between insulin-resistance indices and oxidant-antioxidant markers in elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. The assessment involved anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, percentage of body fat (FAT)) and biochemical tests (glucose, lipids, serum insulin and plasma oxidant-antioxidant markers: Thiobarbituric Acid-Reacting Substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and total antioxidant status). Insulin resistance index (IR) assuming a cut-off point of 0.3 allows to divides groups into: insulin sensitive group (InsS) IR < 0,3 ( n = 35, median age 69.0 years) and insulin-resistant group (InsR) IR ≥ 0.3 ( n = 51, median age 71.0 years). Lipids and antioxidant defense system markers did not differentiate the investigated groups. In the InsR elderly group, the FAT was increased ( P < 0.000003) and TBARS ( P = 0.008) concentration decreased in comparison with InsS group. A positive correlation for SOD-1 and total antioxidant status ( P < 0.05; r =  0.434) and a negative correlation for TBARS and age ( P < 0.05 with r = −0.421) were calculated in InsR individuals. In elderly individuals, oxidative stress persists irrespective of insulin-resistance status. We suggest that increased oxidative stress may be consequence of old age. An insulin action identifies those at high risk for atherosclerosis, via congruent associations with oxidative stress and extra- and intra-cellular antioxidant defense systems. Thus, we maintain that insulin-resistance is not the cause of aging. Impact statement Insulin resistance is associated with oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, little research has been performed examining elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. We demonstrate that antioxidant defense systems alone is not able to abrogate insulin action in elderly individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis, whereas the combined oxidant-antioxidant markers (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), and total antioxidant status (TAS)) might be more efficient and perhaps produce better clinical outcome. In fact, a decrease in oxidative stress and strong interaction between antioxidant defense can be seen only among insulin-resistant elderly individuals. This is, in our opinion, valuable information for clinicians, since insulin-resistance is considered strong cardiovascular risk factor.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Aflatoxin Levels in Edible Seeds, Estimation of Its Dietary Intake and Vitamin E Levels in Southern Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8964
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis ◽  
Muhammed Muzammel Shehzad ◽  
Sunusi Usman ◽  
Nada Basheir Ali ◽  
Shahzad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Total Tocopherol ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Melon Seeds

A total of 779 samples of edible nuts (melon seeds, watermelon seeds, pumpkin seeds, and cantaloupe seeds) from Southern Punjab (Pakistan), were collected during the summer and the winter seasons. The natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) and vitamin E (tocopherols) levels were investigated using HPLC. The results have shown that 180 (43.4%) of samples from the winter season and 122 (33.4%) samples from the summer season were found positive for AFs. Elevated average levels of total AFs (20.9 ± 3.10 μg/kg, dry weight) were observed in watermelon seeds without shell, and the lowest average amount (15.9 ± 3.60 μg/kg) were documented in melon seeds without shell samples from the winter season. An elevated average amount of total AFs 17.3 ± 1.50 μg/kg was found in pumpkin seeds available without a shell. The results have documented a significant difference in total AFs levels in edible seeds available with shells versus without shells (α = 0.05 & 0.01). The highest dietary intake of 6.30 μg/kg/day was found in female individuals from consuming pumpkin seeds (without shell) in the winter season. A value of 3.00 μg/kg/day was found in pumpkin seed without shell in the summer season in female individuals. The highest total tocopherol levels were 22.2 ± 7.70 ng/100 g in pumpkin seeds samples from the winter season and 14.5 ± 5.50 mg/100 g in melon seed samples from the summer season. The variation of total tocopherol levels in edible seeds among the winter and summer seasons showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.0054), except watermelon seeds samples with non-significant differences (p ≥ 0.183).

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SEVERE HEAD INJURY "A CLINICO RADIOLOGICAL STUDY"

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. I. D. Chaurasia ◽  
Dr. Avais Ahmed Khan ◽  
Dr. Neeraj Mane ◽  
Dr. Prateek Malpani ◽  
Dr. M. C. Songara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Overview:  Infants experience stressors. Stress responses in infants include physiological responses (HR and oxygen saturation) and behavioral responses (behavioral state, motor activity, and signs of behavioral distress). Modulation of the stress response in infants may reduce energy demands and enhance recovery. The characteristics of auditory stimulation provided by music differ from those of other types of auditory stimulation. The infants respond differently to music than to other random noises. This study was carried out to examine the effects of different types of music on vital signs of infants. Methodology: Thirty infants were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Low and High pitched music was used with for two individual groups. The immediate effect was assessed through pre and post recordings for Heart rate, Reapiratory rate and O2 saturation level. Results: There was statistically significant change in Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate and O2 saturation individually. While comparing post data, except Heart Rate there was no significant difference found with both types of music. Conclusion: Low pitched music has better immediate effect than high pitched music Key words: High pitched music, Low pitched music, Infants

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