scholarly journals Pitch Angle Optimization for Small Wind Turbines Based on a Hierarchical Fuzzy-PID Controller and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
The Difference

Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand and protect the environment; however, in places with limited wind resources, only the installation of small horizontal-axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) is profitable. At the height of these turbines, the wind is usually unstable with gusts and turbulence due to obstacles in its path such as buildings and trees. The pitch angle must be adaptable to guarantee nominal rotation speed, and it is commonly regulated with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller. This controller works well when the wind is stable, but not with drastic changes in wind speed. To correct this problem, this article introduces a PID controller with automatic adjustment of the gain values using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PID gain adjustment allows an optimal response speed of the system for different wind conditions. The membership functions of the FLC are determined from a methodology that includes: The measurement of the wind speed at a calculated distance, a statistical analysis of the wind variability, and a dynamic analysis of the wind path. In this way, it is possible to anticipate the response of the actuator to the arrival of a gust of wind to the rotor. The algorithm is implemented in 14 kW SHAWTs where the difference in performance with a conventional controller is quantified. Satisfactory results were obtained, the electrical output increased by 7%, and the risk of rotor damage due to vibrations or mechanical fatigue was reduced by 20%.

Pitch Control for Anticipation in the Measurement of Wind Speed for Small Wind Turbines Installed in Areas With Atypical Winds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Alfredo Chavez-Luna ◽  
Juan-Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Roberto-Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Wind Gust ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Different Response

Abstract The production of electricity by renewable means is necessary to meet the growing energy demand and to protect the environment. Wind energy is an alternative, however, in places with a limited wind resource only the installation of small horizontal Axis wind turbines (SHAWT) is profitable. At rotor height, in this size of turbines, the wind is usually unstable with gusts and turbulence due to obstacles in its path such as buildings and trees. To reduce the effects of wind, the angle of incidence of the blade with the wind must be adaptable to guarantee the nominal rotation speed. The pitch angle is the angle of blade rotation around the longitudinal axis is commonly regulated with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) feedback controller, which works correctly when the wind is stable, but not when the wind presents drastic changes in speed, as a faster response speed is required. To correct this problem, this article presents a PID controller with automatic adjustment of the gain values and offering different response times for which a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used. The membership functions of the FLC are determined from the measurement of the wind speed at a calculated distance, so it is possible to anticipate the response of the actuator to the arrival of a wind gust to the rotor. The algorithm is implemented in 14 kW SHAWT where the difference of performance versus a conventional controller is quantified.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

scholarly journals Dynamic response improvement of hybrid system by implementing ANN-GA for fast variation of photovoltaic irradiation and FLC for wind turbine

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Izadbakhsh ◽  
Alireza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Gandomkar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract In this paper, dynamic response improvement of the grid connected hybrid system comprising of the wind power generation system (WPGS) and the photovoltaic (PV) are investigated under some critical circumstances. In order to maximize the output of solar arrays, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is presented. In this paper, an intelligent control technique using the artificial neural network (ANN) and the genetic algorithm (GA) are proposed to control the MPPT for a PV system under varying irradiation and temperature conditions. The ANN-GA control method is compared with the perturb and observe (P&O), the incremental conductance (IC) and the fuzzy logic methods. In other words, the data is optimized by GA and then, these optimum values are used in ANN. The results are indicated the ANN-GA is better and more reliable method in comparison with the conventional algorithms. The allocation of a pitch angle strategy based on the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and comparison with conventional PI controller in high rated wind speed areas are carried out. Moreover, the pitch angle based on FLC with the wind speed and active power as the inputs can have faster response that lead to smoother power curves, improving the dynamic performance of the wind turbine and prevent the mechanical fatigues of the generator

scholarly journals Hierarchical Pitch Control for Small Wind Turbines Based on Fuzzy Logic and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Wind Speed Measurement ◽  
Complicated Task

Bringing electricity to areas of difficult terrain is a complicated task, so it is convenient to generate power using local natural resources, such as wind, through a small horizontal-axis wind turbine (S-HAWT). However, at the rotor height of these wind turbines, the wind is often turbulent due to obstacles such as trees and buildings. For a turbine to function properly in these conditions, the action of the wind force on the rotor must be smoothed out by controlling the pitch angle. A commercial derivative-integral-proportional (PID)-type pitch controller works well when system dynamics are stable, but not when there are disturbances in the system. This paper proposes a hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) to solve the nonlinear system effects produced by atypical winds. The methodology includes a statistical analysis of wind variability at the installation site, which determines the functions of belonging and its hierarchy. In addition, installing an anemometer in front of the turbine allows an advanced positioning of the blades in the presence of wind gusts. The algorithm was implemented in an S-HAWT, and a comparison was made to quantify the performance difference between the proposed control strategy and a conventional PID controller.

Airfoil design for large horizontal axis wind turbines in low wind speed regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 2345-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Song ◽  
Fengjiao Bian ◽  
Ke Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

scholarly journals An Innovative Correction Method of Wind Speed for Efficiency Evaluation of Wind Turbines

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Alessio Carullo ◽  
Alessandro Ciocia ◽  
Gabriele Malgaroli ◽  
Filippo Spertino
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

The performance of horizontal axis Wind Turbines (WTs) is strongly affected by the wind speed entering in their rotor. Generally, this quantity is not available, because the wind speed is measured on the nacelle behind the turbine rotor, providing a lower value. Therefore, two correction methods are usually employed, requiring two input quantities: the wind speed on the back of the turbine nacelle and the wind speed measured by a meteorological mast close to the turbines under analysis. However, the presence of this station in wind farms is rare and the number of WTs in the wind farm is high. This paper proposes an innovative correction, named “Statistical Method” (SM), that evaluates the efficiency of WTs by estimating the wind speed entering in the WTs rotor. This method relies on the manufacturer power curve and the data measured by the WT anemometer only, thus having the possibility to be also applied in wind farms without a meteorological station. The effectiveness of such a method is discussed by comparing the results obtained by the standard methods implemented on two turbines (rated power = 1.5 MW and 2.5 MW) of a wind power plant (nominal power = 80 MW) in Southern Italy.

Aerodynamic Design and Wind Tunnel Tests of Small-scale Horizontal-axis Wind Turbines for Low Tip Speed Ratio Applications

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Ojing Siram ◽  
Neha Kesharwani ◽  
Niranjan Sahoo ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wind Tunnel Tests ◽  
Tip Speed Ratio ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Abstract In recent times, the application of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) has drawn interest in certain areas where the energy demand is minimal. These turbines, operating mostly at low Reynolds number (Re) and low tip speed ratio (λ) applications, can be used as stand-alone systems. The present study aims at the design, development, and testing of a series of SHAWT models. On the basis of aerodynamic characteristics, four SHAWT models viz., M1, M2, M3, and M4 composed of E216, SG6043, NACA63415, and NACA0012 airfoils, respectively have been developed. Initially, the rotors are designed through blade element momentum theory (BEMT), and their power coefficient have been evaluated. Thence, the developed rotors are tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to find their rotational frequency, power and power coefficient at design and off-design conditions. From BEMT analysis, M1 shows a maximum power coefficient (Cpmax) of 0.37 at λ = 2.5. The subsequent wind tunnel tests on M1, M2, M3, and M4 at 9 m/s show the Cpmax values to be 0.34, 0.30, 0.28, and 0.156, respectively. Thus, from the experiments, the M1 rotor is found to be favourable than the other three rotors, and its Cpmax value is found to be about 92% of BEMT prediction. Further, the effect of pitch angle (θp) on Cp of the model rotors is also examined, where M1 is found to produce a satisfactory performance within ±5° from the design pitch angle (θp, design).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document