scholarly journals Hierarchical Pitch Control for Small Wind Turbines Based on Fuzzy Logic and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Wind Speed Measurement ◽  
Complicated Task

Bringing electricity to areas of difficult terrain is a complicated task, so it is convenient to generate power using local natural resources, such as wind, through a small horizontal-axis wind turbine (S-HAWT). However, at the rotor height of these wind turbines, the wind is often turbulent due to obstacles such as trees and buildings. For a turbine to function properly in these conditions, the action of the wind force on the rotor must be smoothed out by controlling the pitch angle. A commercial derivative-integral-proportional (PID)-type pitch controller works well when system dynamics are stable, but not when there are disturbances in the system. This paper proposes a hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) to solve the nonlinear system effects produced by atypical winds. The methodology includes a statistical analysis of wind variability at the installation site, which determines the functions of belonging and its hierarchy. In addition, installing an anemometer in front of the turbine allows an advanced positioning of the blades in the presence of wind gusts. The algorithm was implemented in an S-HAWT, and a comparison was made to quantify the performance difference between the proposed control strategy and a conventional PID controller.

Applying Hollow Blades for Small Wind Turbines Operating at High Altitudes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Pourrajabian ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
Mehdi Ahmadizadeh ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Starting Time ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

Since the air density reduces as the altitude increases, operation of Small Wind Turbines (SWTs) which usually have no pitch mechanism, remains as a challengeable task at high altitudes due largely to the reduction of starting aerodynamic torque. By reducing the blades moment of inertia through the use of hollow blades, the study aims to mitigate that issue and speed up the starting. A three-bladed, 2 m diameter small horizontal axis wind turbine with hollow cross-section was designed for operating at two sites with altitude of 500 and 3,000 m. The design variables consist of distribution of the chord, twist and shell thickness along the blade. The blade-element momentum theory was employed to calculate the output power and starting time and, the beam theory was used for the structural analysis to investigate whether the hollow blades could withstand the aerodynamic and centrifugal forces. A combination of the starting time and the output power was included in an objective function and then, the genetic algorithm was used to find a blade for which the output power and the starting performance, the goals of the objective function, are high while the stress limitation, the objective function constraint, is also met. While the resultant stresses remain below the allowable stress, results show that the performance of the hollow blades is far better than the solid ones such that their starting time is shorter than the solid blades by approximately 70%. However, in the presence of the generator resistive torque, the algorithm could not find the blade for the altitude near to 3000 m. To solve that problem, the tip speed ratio of the turbine was added to other design variables and another optimization process was done which led to the optimal blades not only for the lower altitude but also for the higher one.

Data-Tuned Fuzzy Logic Controller Applied to a Horizontal Axis Wind System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Dambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Fuzzy Rules ◽  
Wind System ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Abstract This paper deals with the control problem concerning the output voltage frequency and amplitude regulation of a wind system power plant not connected to the supply grid. The wind system configuration includes a horizontal-axis wind-turbine which drives a synchronous generator. An appropriate modeling approach has been adopted for both the wind-turbine and the synchronous generator. The proposed controller makes use of the fuzzy logic environment in order to take advantage of the wind plant system informations integrated into a limited number of equilibrium condition points (input variable - output variable pairs). The fuzzy logic controller described in the present paper merges the most appropriate fuzzy rules clusters, based on the steady state working conditions. Then, thanks to a Least Square Estimator algorithm, the proposed control algorithm evaluates, for each sample time, the linear relation between control law correction and control tracking error levels. In order to demonstrate robustness of the suggested fuzzy control algorithm, two sets of results have been provided: the first one consider a fuzzy base with equally spaced rules, whereas, in the second set results, the number of fuzzy rules is reduced by a 25%.

scholarly journals Design of an active pitch control for small horizontal-axis wind turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
J. Vilà ◽  
◽  
N. Luo ◽  
L. Pacheco ◽  
T. Pujol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
End User ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

The installed power capacity from small wind turbines would rise in case of having higher efficiency values. The performance of these devices is very sensitive to wind conditions, especially to wind gusts and turbulence. Performance extracted from small-scale wind turbine datasheets show large variations of power output between turbulent and non-turbulent sites and often the installation in intermittent wind sites is discouraged. The use of blades with fixed positions is a clear drawback of small wind turbines. Here, we propose a design of a smart active pitch control to increase the energy generation of micro-wind turbines (< 5 kWp). The design consists of a simple mechanism that allows the rotation of the blades controlled by a low cost peripheral interface controller. The possibility to orientate the blades so as to maximise the power output at all wind conditions will increase the performance of this small wind turbines. The design is robust and economical, which will increase its potential adoptability rate by the end-user.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Dynamic Behavior of Grid-Connected DFIG Based Wind Turbines by using Fuzzy Logic Controller under LVRT Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3164-3172
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
Doubly Fed Induction Generators ◽  
Doubly Fed

In recent years, due to the interconnection of large capacity wind turbines to the power grid lead, there are serious issues in the stability of Grid and generation of electrical power. Also, it is showing effect on the dynamic performance of the electrical power systems. To maintain stability during sudden changes in the grid, the LVRT (Low Voltage Ride Through) capability of the Wind Turbines is one of the prime requirements. Wind turbines attached to DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generators) are advantageous which have LVRT capability at limited extent. In this paper, the elaborated discussion of the LVRT of Wind turbines shafted to DFIG's in the Grid. It also presents the complete description of the sudden changes in the systems like transient characteristics and the Doubly Fed Induction Generators dynamic response at the time of grid voltage faults (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical). The latest rotor side control technology is displayed in this paper for DFIG and wind turbines with improved capacity of low voltage ride through at the time of severe grid voltage sags. A Fuzzy Logic controller-based control technology is introduced in this paper which performs the balancing the rotor-side voltage and short circuits during the disturbances in the Grid. The advantage in this proposed control scheme is that it reduces the additional cost and reliability issues. So, the DFIG is efficient and usability company norms are satisfied with the proposed Fuzzy logic controller compared to regular controller like PI controller. The performance of the proposed system is simulated and verified in the computer. The results are displayed and it conclude that the control strategy of LVRT capability for Grid connected DFIG based wind turbine systems with Fuzzy Logic Controller are more effective than the conventional control Methods.

scholarly journals Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines with Fuzzy Controller: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sathiyanarayanan ◽  
A. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Doubly Fed Induction Generator ◽  
Doubly Fed

Wind energy is one of the extraordinary sources of renewable energy due to its clean character and free availability. With the increasing wind power penetration, the wind farms are directly influencing the power systems. The majority of wind farms are using variable speed wind turbines equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) due to their advantages over other wind turbine generators (WTGs). Therefore, the analysis of wind power dynamics with the DFIG wind turbines has become a very important research issue, especially during transient faults. This paper presents fuzzy logic control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine in a sample power system. Fuzzy logic controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine.

scholarly journals Pitch Angle Optimization for Small Wind Turbines Based on a Hierarchical Fuzzy-PID Controller and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
The Difference

Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand and protect the environment; however, in places with limited wind resources, only the installation of small horizontal-axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) is profitable. At the height of these turbines, the wind is usually unstable with gusts and turbulence due to obstacles in its path such as buildings and trees. The pitch angle must be adaptable to guarantee nominal rotation speed, and it is commonly regulated with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller. This controller works well when the wind is stable, but not with drastic changes in wind speed. To correct this problem, this article introduces a PID controller with automatic adjustment of the gain values using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PID gain adjustment allows an optimal response speed of the system for different wind conditions. The membership functions of the FLC are determined from a methodology that includes: The measurement of the wind speed at a calculated distance, a statistical analysis of the wind variability, and a dynamic analysis of the wind path. In this way, it is possible to anticipate the response of the actuator to the arrival of a gust of wind to the rotor. The algorithm is implemented in 14 kW SHAWTs where the difference in performance with a conventional controller is quantified. Satisfactory results were obtained, the electrical output increased by 7%, and the risk of rotor damage due to vibrations or mechanical fatigue was reduced by 20%.

scholarly journals Implementation and Validation of an Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller for MPPT of PMSG-based Wind Turbines

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Salem ◽  
Noura A. Nour Aldin ◽  
Ahmed M. Azmy ◽  
Walid S. E. Abdellatif
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy Logic

scholarly journals On the potential yield of wind turbines on high-rise buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Giulio Vita ◽  
Simone Salvadori ◽  
Anina Sarkić-Glumac ◽  
Daniela Anna Misul
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

Urban wind energy has intrigued some investments and applications over the last decade. However, most applications have been unsuccessful, in many cases leaving behind non-rotating wind turbines in the built environment. Research on urban wind energy has also lacked in providing a reliable description of the local flow features small wind turbines are placed in, and the positioning strategy is mostly based on empiricism. This study uses data from a wind tunnel test on the flow pattern above the roof of high-rise buildings to estimate the potential yield of small wind turbines installed in various configurations. The data are collected at a height of 12 m above the flat roof under various wind directions. The capacity factor of a medium-size horizontal axis wind turbine is calculated using power curve data available from the literature. The local wind resource is calculated using the mean wind speed as measured with hot-wire anemometry. The annual energy production of the various configurations is calculated using the climate data available for Firenze (IT) and the orientation of the building with respect to main winds. A rather large variability in the power output of the roof-farm was found for the chosen configuration.

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