Simulink Model of a Thermoelectric Generator for Vehicle Waste Heat Recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Nicolae Vlad Burnete ◽  
Florin Mariasiu ◽  
Dan Moldovanu ◽  
Christopher Depcik
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Use Of Resources

More than 50% of the energy released through combustion in the internal combustion engine (ICE) is rejected to the environment. Recovering only a part of this energy can significantly improve the overall use of resources and the economic efficiency of road transport. One solution to recoup a part of this otherwise wasted thermal energy is to use thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules for the conversion of heat directly into electricity. To aid in development of this technology, this effort covers the derivation of a respectively simple steady-state Simulink model that can be utilized to estimate and optimize TEG system performance for ICEs. The model was validated against experimental data found in literature utilizing water cooling for the cold side. Overall, relatively good agreement was found with the maximum error in generated power around 10%. Following, it was investigated whether air can be used as a cooling medium. It was established that, at the same temperature as the water (18.4 °C), a flow velocity of 13.1 m/s (or 47.2 km/h) is required to achieve a similar cold junction temperature and power output. Subsequently using the model with air cooling, the performance of a TEG installed on a heavy-duty vehicle traveling at 50, 80, 90, and 120 km/h under different ambient temperatures was analyzed. It was determined that both a lower temperature and a higher flow velocity can improve power output. A further increase of the power output requires a larger temperature gradient across the module, which can be achieved by a higher heat input on the hot side.

The Use of Ejector Refrigeration Systems for Turbine Inlet Air Cooling: A Thermodynamic and CFD Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany A. Al-Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Inlet

Cooling turbine inlet air is a proven method of increasing turbine power output, especially during peak summer demand. It is estimated that turbine power output can increase by as much as 0.7% for every 1°C drop in inlet air temperature. Two inlet air cooling systems are widely used: evaporative cooling systems and chiller systems. Evaporative cooling is economical and uncomplicated, but its efficiency can significantly drop if the relative humidity is high. There is also a potential for excessive wear of compressor blades if water droplets are carried into the compressor section. On the other hand, chiller systems have the advantage of being independent of humidity and do not have the potential to cause damage to compressor blades. However, chiller systems consume power and cause a larger pressure drop than evaporative coolers. In this work, the possibility of using an ejector refrigeration system to cool turbine inlet air is explored. These systems are low-maintenance, fluid-driven, heat-operated devices that can use part of the turbine exhaust flow as the heat source for running the cycle. These systems require only pump power to feed liquid refrigerant to the vapor generator, making the power consumption potentially lower than conventional chiller systems. Using thermodynamic analysis, this paper compares the performance of ejector refrigeration systems with that of chiller systems based primarily on their power consumption. Performance characteristics for the ejector system are obtained through a CFD model that uses a real-gas model for R-134a. Published data on the performance of a commercial gas turbine is also considered. The power consumption of ejector refrigeration systems is found to be significantly smaller than that of vapor compression systems, with savings ranging from 19% to 80%. Power consumption is also found to be small compared to the boost in turbine power that is obtained. The percentage of waste heat needed to operate the ejector refrigeration system is found to be generally less than 25%.

scholarly journals Cuk Converter for Waste Heat Recovery from Automobile Engine using Thermoelectric Generator with Air as Coolant

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Maximum Power

The growing concern on energy conservation and reduction of carbon footprint has led to a lot of inventions and innovations in terms of energy-efficient technologies in all the energy consuming applications. The automobile sector is a crucial zone where these technologies have a major role to play due to the sheer abundance of the number of automobiles.Many small refinements, alterations and innovations are happening in this field which has led to furthermore energy economic automobiles than before.But even in an advanced internal combustion engine, about two-thirds of fuel consumed by an automobile is discharged into the surroundings as waste heat. The effect of this is the increase in the surrounding air temperature which in turn contributes significantly to global warming. This paper proposes amethod to reduce the emission of heat from automobiles by designing and implementinga waste heat recovery system for internal combustion (IC) engines. The key aim is to reduce the amount of heat released into the environment and to convert it into useful energy. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) assembly is used to directly convert the wasted heat energy from the automobile into electrical energy. This electrical energy is conditioned using a Cukconverter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is embedded in the converter for impedance matching and maximum power transfer from TEG to the converter. The conditioned output is used to charge the battery of the vehicle. This methodologyalso increases the energy efficiency of the vehicle as a higher capacity battery can be employed.The proposed system can work well under varying temperature conditions to give a constant output. It can be implemented in any mechanical/ electrical systems were there is wastage of heat energy like gas pipelines, wearable electronics, space probes, cookstoves, boilers, thermal vision, etc. One of the thrust areas where this technology can be effectively utilized in today’s world is in electric vehicles where the energy efficiency is the most important factor.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of (Bi2Te3-PbTe) Hybrid Thermoelectric Generator

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Anitha Angeline A ◽  
Jayakumar J
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cold Side ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Maximum Power Output

The performance of (Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-PbTe) hybrid thermoelectric generator (TEG)<strong> </strong>composed of n-type Bismuth Telluride and p-type Lead Telluride semiconductor materials is presented in this paper. <strong> </strong>The effect of different performance parameters such as output voltage, output current, output power, maximum power output, open circuit voltage, Seebeck co-efficient, electrical resistance, thermal conductance, figure of merit, efficiency, heat absorbed and heat removed based on maximum conversion and power efficiency have been theoretically analyzed by varying the hot side temperature of the hybrid thermoelectric generator up to 350<sup>o</sup>C and by varying the cold side temperature from 30<sup>o</sup>C to 150<sup>o</sup>C. The results showed that a maximum power output of 21.7 W has been obtained with the use of one hybrid thermoelectric module for a temperature difference of 320<sup>o</sup>C between the hot and cold side of the thermoelectric generator at matched load resistance. The figure of merit was found to be around 1.28 which makes its usage possible in the intermediate temperature (250<sup>o</sup>C to 350<sup>o</sup>C) applications such as heating of Biomass waste, heat from Biomass cook stoves or waste heat recovery etc. It is also observed that the hybrid thermoelectric generator offers superior performance over 250<sup>o</sup>C of the hot side temperature, compared to standard Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3 </sub>modules.

scholarly journals Energy and Environmental Analysis of a Solar Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe Integrated Thermoelectric Generator Using IoT

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
SakthiPriya Manivannan ◽  
DivyaLaxmi Gunasekaran ◽  
Gowthami Jaganathan ◽  
Shanthi Natesan ◽  
SabariMuthu Muthusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Abstract This paper investigates the solar evacuated tube heat pipe system (SEHP) coupled with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) using the internet of things (IoT). The TEGs convert heat energy into electricity through the Seebeck effect that finds application in the waste heat recovery process for the generation of power. The present work deals with the theoretical study on solar evacuated tube heat pipe integrated TEG and it is validated experimentally using with and without parabolic trough concentrating collector. And the carbon credit of the TEG system is determined to find its potential in the environmental aspect. Also, the boost type converter is used to raise the power output by increasing the voltage from the TEG for rural electrifications. However, it is found that the maximum power output due to the influence of the parabolic trough concentrator results in increased efficiency when compared with the non-concentrating SEHP-TEG system. The TEG output power can be boosted up to a maximum of 5.98 V using a power electronic boost converter. Besides, the recorded real sensor data with Arduino is implemented in the experimental process for automatic remote monitoring of the temperature.

scholarly journals Car exhaust waste heat recovery using hexagon shaped thermoelectric generator

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fairuz Remeli ◽  
◽  
Baljit Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Engine System

Heat recovery technology using thermoelectric has attracted many research intentions mainly for its ability to generate power passively. The automotive engine usually produces waste heat ranging from 30-40% due to the thermodynamic limit. The use of thermoelectric generator (TEG) for waste heat recovery and power generation could increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine system. This research developed and investigated a heat recovery system using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for power generation. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisted of thermoelectric modules, hexagonal pipe connector and heat sinks was built and connected to an exhaust pipeline. A theoretical model was developed to access the thermal and electrical performance of the TEG system. The theoretical model consisted of the heat transfer mechanism including the thermal resistance networks from the flue gas to TEG and the heat sink. The electrical power output was determined using the Seebeck principle. The early stage of finding reveals that the system was able to produce an open circuit voltage of 0.13 V for a small temperature gradient of 3ᵒC between the cold and hot surface of the TEG. The further improvement of the system is currently under investigation for producing higher power. In the future, this system hopefully could replace the car battery for charging the alternator as well as increasing the overall efficiency of the engine system.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR THE UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT BY AIR-COOLED COMPRESSORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 4918-4923
Author(s):  
LUKAS PACAS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
External Source ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Compressors ◽  
Almost All

Compressed air is still a valid helper in many applications today, where it is necessary, for example, to move work equipment, pistons or it is used for cooling as a cooling medium. The producer of compressed air are air compressors, which need an external source for its production, usually an electric or internal combustion engine. Almost all the energy that is supplied to the compressor is always converted to heat during compression, regardless of the type of compressor. This carries the risk of overheating and therefore the cooling system must be optimally designed. Thus, during the compression of the air, a large part of the electrical energy supplied to the compressor is converted into heat, and only a small part of the supplied energy is in the compressed air. In the case of oil or water-cooled compressors, the exchangers can be used directly to obtain energy "for free". In the case of air cooling, a slight energy gain can only be achieved by modifying the exhaust hot air ducts. This energy can be used efficiently to heat water or heat buildings, instead of being uselessly ventilated. Modern compressors are already adapted for the use of waste heat, but most current companies still use older types of compressors that have not been directly adapted for the use of waste heat. In case of interest in obtaining waste heat, the reconstruction of the facility or development is inevitable.

scholarly journals Analysis of Combined Power and Refrigeration Generation Using the Carbon Dioxide Thermodynamic Cycle to Recover the Waste Heat of an Internal Combustion Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shunsen Wang ◽  
Kunlun Bai ◽  
Yonghui Xie ◽  
Juan Di ◽  
Shangfang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Compression Scheme ◽  
Net Power Output

A novel thermodynamic system is proposed to recover the waste heat of an internal combustion engine (ICE) by integrating the transcritical carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration cycle with the supercritical CO2power cycle, and eight kinds of integration schemes are developed. The key parameters of the system are optimized through a genetic algorithm to achieve optimum matching with different variables and schemes, as well as the maximum net power output (Wnet). The results indicate that replacing a single-turbine scheme with a double-turbine scheme can significantly enhance the net power output (Wnet) and lower the inlet pressure of the power turbine (P4). With the same exhaust parameters of ICE, the maximumWnetof the double-turbines scheme is 40%–50% higher than that of the single-turbine scheme. Replacing a single-stage compression scheme with a double-stage compression scheme can also lower the value ofP4, while it could not always significantly enhance the value ofWnet. Except for the power consumption of air conditioning, the net power output of this thermodynamic system can reach up to 13%–35% of the engine power when it is used to recover the exhaust heat of internal combustion engines.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Characters of Thermoelectric Generators Based on Test Bed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongzheng Ma ◽  
Xinli Wang ◽  
Anjie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

In order to achieve the energy recovery of the coolant heat for internal combustion engine (ICE) using the thermoelectric generation (TEG) technology, one test bed for studying the influence of temperature on the characters of thermoelectric generators was established and the relationship between the temperature and characters of thermoelectric generator was researched based on it. The results showed that the cooling effect improved with the increase of fan speed which the fan was installed in the vertical direction of the radiator, but the cooling effect had a limit speed value. And it also indicated that the forced air cooling was better than the natural convection cooling method which can effectively reduce the temperature of the cold end while it has little effect on the hot end temperature. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient was reduced with the increase of temperature difference between the two ends of thermoelectric generator and the Seebeck coefficient was also declined with one end temperature rise when the other end temperature was constant.

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