scholarly journals Preparation of Synthetic Titania Slag Relevant to the Industrial Smelting Process Using an Induction Furnace

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Avishek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Matti Aula ◽  
Jouni Pihlasalo ◽  
Pasi Mäkelä ◽  
Marko Huttula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Synthetic Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Titania Slag

A high titania slag that is used as a feedstock for TiO2 manufacturing is obtained by ilmenite smelting (FeO.TiO2). The composition of the slag obtained by smelting is dependent on the composition of the mineral used for slag preparation, i.e., ilmenite in our study. At the laboratory scale, ilmenite slags are mostly obtained by using ilmenite as the raw material. An easy and simple way would be to prepare the synthetic slag using the individual components and heating them to high temperature in a furnace. The titania slag has a high oxidizing nature and requires an inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the slag as well as the molybdenum crucible. This paper describes the preparation of synthetic ilmenite slag using an induction furnace and the study of the composition and the phases formed in the slag. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were used as analytical techniques for studying the slag. A comparison between obtained synthetic slag and industrial ilmenite slag was performed to test the possibility of preparing slags in the laboratory as per the required composition. The slags show similar phase formation as obtained in industrial ilmenite slags, which means that the synthetic slags are identical to the industrial slags.

scholarly journals Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Hamed Ahari ◽  
Leila Khoshboui Lahijani
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.

scholarly journals LABORATORY PRODUCTION OF HERB-MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) FOR HOT MATE – A PARALLEL WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Guilherme Rufatto SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Made In

Herb-mate is a raw material of great importance to Southern Brazil, considering its annual production of approximately 650,000 tons of leaves. The hot mate, known as chimarrão, is the most appreciated beverage and its consumption is linked to the traditions and cultural habits predominantly in the south of the country. Considering its huge importance, the objective of the work was to evaluate the production of laboratory herbmate for chimarrão in order to establish a comparison with the products available on the market. Therefore, it was considered the current legislation and the analysis of its organoleptic and granulometric properties, humidity level and concentration of some toxic metals quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The manufacturing of the final product was made in three steps: first of all, the leaves were submitted to direct fire, then they were dried at a temperature of 40 Cº for 24 hours and, finally, they were ground in a knife mill for 10 minutes. The obtained results showed, in most of the analyzed characteristics, a great similarity between the laboratorial and commercial herb, obtaining approval from 90% of chimarrão consumers who participated in the organoleptic tests. However, the coloration was considered darker and can be explained by logistic problems between the plantation and the laboratory. There was also a divergence in the metals analysis, which showed a higher lead and cadmium concentration when compared to the herbs found on the supermarket shelves. Alarming numbers for consumers were found, since the commercial herbs pointed levels above the recommended for all analyzed metals, which indicate the urgent need for better inspection, as well as improved manufacturing practices of the final product and a better raw material cultivation.

scholarly journals Development and optimization of the demineralization process for the extraction of chitin from Omani Portunidae segnis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Hamed Khalifa Al Shaqsi ◽  
Horiya Ali Said Al Hoqani Al Hoqani ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Sibani
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Abstract Background: Chitin is an organic polymer and it is rich marine natural polysaccharide after the cellulose. The main natural sources of chitin are exoskeletons of insects, mollusks, the cell walls of certain fungi and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and lobsters. The waste of these marine exoskeletons are pollutant for the environment continuously, but this raw material could be used for the production of commercial chitin. The chitin is an important raw material used for water treatment, agricultural, biomedicinal, biotechnological purposes, food and paper industry and cosmetics. Based on the variety of importance, the present targets of this study is to i. optimize the demineralization process for the removal of calcium and phosphorus from the waste of Portunidae segnis (P. segnis) by using acid at ambient temperature ii. characterize the isolated demineralized sample as well as the percentage of remaining calcium and phosphorus by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The coarse powder samples of P. segnis were demineralized with seven different concentrations of hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature for 1 hour. All the demineralization samples at different concentrations were analysed by using sensitive ICP-OES. The results based on ICP-OES showed that among the seven different concentrations wused in the demineralization process for the isolation of chitin, the best was 2M of HCl concentration for the production of chitin. Conclusion: The develop optimized demineralization process could be used commercially for the isolation of chitin for the preparation of agriculture, biomedicine, biotechnological purposes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Double Leached Waelz Oxide for Identification of Fluoride Mineral

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchandra Sar ◽  
Lena Sundqvist Ökvist ◽  
Tobias Sparrman ◽  
Fredrik Engström ◽  
Caisa Samuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Waelz Oxide ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Double leached Waelz oxide (DLWO), with 76% zinc, is a secondary zinc containing raw materials obtained by the treatment of electric arc furnace dust. The content of fluoride in DLWO is still too high for direct leaching, as fluoride has a detrimental effect on electrowinning for zinc production. Knowledge of the characteristics of DLWO, and especially on how a fluoride mineral might exist, can contribute to further improvement of the selective leaching for the removal of fluoride. In this study, DLWO was characterized using analytical techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 19F liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (19F LS NMR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (19F SS NMR). This study showed that DLWO mainly consisted of zincite (ZnO), cerussite (PbCO3) and a spinel containing zinc, iron and manganese. The fluoride mineral identified was calcium fluoride (CaF2). In SEM analysis, fluorine was found in larger grains together with calcium and oxygen, which was possibly calcium carbonate.

scholarly journals Assessing the Oxidative Degradation of N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in Microelectronic Fabrication Processes by Using a Multiplatform Analytical Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gavin Lennon ◽  
Shannon Willox ◽  
Ragini Ramdas ◽  
Scott J. Funston ◽  
Matthew Klun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Microelectronic Fabrication ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
And Control

During the construction of recording head devices, corrosion of metal features and subsequent deposition of corrosion by-products have been observed. Previous studies have determined that the use of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) may be a contributing factor. In this study, we report the use of a novel multiplatform analytical approach comprising of pH, liquid chromatography/UV detection (LC/UV), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and LC/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to demonstrate that reaction conditions mimicking those of general photoresist removal processes can invoke the oxidation of NMP during the photolithography lift-off process. For the first time, we have confirmed that the oxidation of NMP lowers the pH, facilitating the dissolution of transition metals deposited on wafer substrates during post-mask and pre-lift-off processes in microelectronic fabrication. This negatively impacts upon the performance of the microelectronic device. Furthermore, it was shown that, by performing the process in an inert atmosphere, the oxidation of NMP was suppressed and the pH was stabilized, suggesting an affordable modification of the photolithography lift-off stage to enhance the quality of recording heads. This novel study has provided key data that may have a significant impact on current and future fabrication process design, optimization, and control. Results here suggest the inclusion of pH as a key process input variable (KPIV) during the design of new photoresist removal processes.

Carbon-Supported Nickel Nanoparticles from a Wood Sample of the Tree Sebertia acuminata Pierre ex. Baillon

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lerch ◽  
Thorsten Ressler ◽  
Frank Krumeich ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cosson ◽  
Edouard Hnawia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Hyperaccumulator ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

A wood sample of the nickel hyperaccumulator tree Sebertia acuminata Pierre ex. Baillon was pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere to produce a charcoal-like material containing nanoparticulate nickel. Its overall nickel content was determined to be ~7 wt-% by wet chemical analysis (acid digestion, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy). Depending on the conditions of pyrolysis (5 h at 800°C; or 5 h at 800°C followed by 7 h at 900°C), the average crystallite sizes were ~7 and 42 nm, respectively, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (scanning, scanning transmission, and transmission). Furthermore, high resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the Ni particles are, in some cases, encapsulated with graphitic carbon layers of varying thickness. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate for the most part, a preservation of the wood framework and a remarkably uniform distribution of the nickel nanoparticles in the vessels of the xylem. XRD and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveal the presence of NiO besides Ni.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic, Textural and Thermal Characterization Methods of Biostimulants Based on Sodium Humate

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3477-3482
Author(s):  
Rusandica Stoica ◽  
Florin Oancea ◽  
Iulian Minca ◽  
Sanda Maria Doncea ◽  
Rodica Ganea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Characterization Methods

Plant biostimulants, an emerging class of agricultural inputs, are complex products. The reproducibility of their specific action on plant metabolism and plant physiology, which lead to an enhanced nutrient use efficiency, stress tolerance and edible yield quality, is still a challenge. Development of quality insurance systems for plant biostimulants need complex investigation based on adapted analytical, physico-chemical and chemical methods. The objective of this work was to characterize commercial humate biostimulants through different analytical techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis- TGA) and to evaluate their textural and chemical (pH, C, N, humic acids, inorganic components) parameters. The first derivative curve from TG analysis showed decomposition of different compounds, classified according to the results obtained by FTIR. The humic substances determined by TGA method was comparable with the results obtained by gravimetric reference method. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique was applied to determine the inorganic elements either from the production process of humate or from raw materials, as well as for the control of humate in terms of requirements for safety and quality. Their complementary properties obtaining through different analytical techniques provide essential information on the chemical characteristics of the humate plant biostimulant formulations.

scholarly journals Thermal and Calorimetric Evaluations of Some Chemically Modified Carbohydrate-Based Substrates with Phosphorus-Containing Groups

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Thomas ◽  
Paul Joseph ◽  
Khalid Moinuddin ◽  
Haijin Zhu ◽  
Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Inductively Coupled

In the present article, we report on the chemical modifications of some carbohydrate-based substrates, such as potato starch, dextran, β-cyclodextrin, agar agar and tamarind, by reacting with diethylchlorophosphate (DECP), in dispersions in dichloromethane (DCM), in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as the base. The modified substrates, after recovery and purification, were analyzed for their chemical constitutions, thermal stabilities and calorimetric properties using a variety of analytical techniques. These included: solid-state 31P NMR, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). The unmodified counterparts were also subjected to the same set of analyses with a view to serving as controls. Phosphorus analyses, primarily through ICP-OES on the recovered samples, showed different degrees of incorporation. Such observations were optionally verified through solid-state 31P NMR spectroscopy. The thermograms of the modified substrates were noticeably different from the unmodified counterparts, both in terms of the general profiles and the amounts of char residues produced. Such observations correlated well with the relevant parameters obtained through PCFC runs. Overall, the modified systems containing phosphorus were found to be less combustible than the parent substrates, and thus can be considered as promising matrices for environmentally benign fire-resistant coatings.

scholarly journals Kinetics of conversion of celestite to strontium carbonate in solutions containing carbonate, bicarbonate and ammonium ions and dissolved ammonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Zoraga ◽  
Cem Kahruman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Conversion Reaction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Shrinking Core

Celestite concentrate (SrSO4) has been converted to SrCO3 in solutions containing CO32-, HCO3- and NH4+ ions and dissolved ammonia. The effects of stirring speed, CO32- ion concentration; temperature and particle size of SrSO4 on the reaction rate were investigated. It was found that the conversion of SrSO4 was increased by increasing the temperature and decreasing the particle size, while the reaction rate was decreased with increasing the CO32- ion concentration. However, there was no effect of the stirring speed on the reaction rate. The conversion reaction was under chemical reaction control and the Shrinking Core Model was suitable to explain the reaction kinetics. The activation energy for the conversion reaction was found to be 41.9 kJ mol-1. The amounts of the elements in the reaction solution were determined quantitatively by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The characterization of the solid reactant and product was made using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction analytical techniques.

scholarly journals Particle release from implantoplasty of dental implants and impact on cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi N. Barrak ◽  
Siwei Li ◽  
Albert M. Muntane ◽  
Julian R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background With increasing numbers of dental implants placed annually, complications such as peri-implantitis and the subsequent periprosthetic osteolysis are becoming a major concern. Implantoplasty, a commonly used treatment of peri-implantitis, aims to remove plaque from exposed implants and reduce future microbial adhesion and colonisation by mechanically modifying the implant surface topography, delaying re-infection/colonisation of the site. This in vitro study aims to investigate the release of particles from dental implants and their effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), following an in vitro mock implantoplasty procedure with a diamond burr. Materials and methods Commercially available implants made from grade 4 (commercially pure, CP) titanium (G4) and grade 5 Ti-6Al-4 V titanium (G5) alloy implants were investigated. Implant particle compositions were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) following acid digestion. HGFs were cultured in presence of implant particles, and viability was determined using a metabolic activity assay. Results Microparticles and nanoparticles were released from both G4 and G5 implants following the mock implantoplasty procedure. A small amount of vanadium ions were released from G5 particles following immersion in both simulated body fluid and cell culture medium, resulting in significantly reduced viability of HGFs after 10 days of culture. Conclusion There is a need for careful evaluation of the materials used in dental implants and the potential risks of the individual constituents of any alloy. The potential cytotoxicity of G5 titanium alloy particles should be considered when choosing a device for dental implants. Additionally, regardless of implant material, the implantoplasty procedure can release nanometre-sized particles, the full systemic effect of which is not fully understood. As such, authors do not recommend implantoplasty for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

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