scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction of Thai Distal Femur

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Chotchuang Phombut ◽  
Supakit Rooppakhun ◽  
Bura Sindhupakorn
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
T Test ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Posterior Condyle

This study evaluates the distal femur morphology of the Thai population using a three-dimensional (3D) measurement method, measuring the distance between the triangular point of the femoral 3D model. The 3D model of 360 Thai femoral obtained from 180 volunteers (90 males, 90 females; range 20–50 years, average 32.8 years) was created using reverse engineering techniques from computed tomography imaging data. Using the 3D identified landmark method, the morphometric parameters evaluated included transepicondylar axis length (TEA), mediolateral length (ML), anteroposterior width (AP), medial anteroposterior width (MAP), lateral anteroposterior width (LAP), medial condyle width (MCW), lateral condyle width (LCW), intercondylar notch width (WIN), intercondylar notch depth (DIN), medial posterior condyle height (MPC), lateral posterior condyle height (LPC), femoral aspect ratio (ML/AP), lateral femoral aspect ratio (ML/LAP), and medial femoral aspect ratio (ML/MAP). The measured data were summarized for the analysis of an average value and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, unequal variances t-test, and linear regression. A p-value less than 0.05 (<0.05) was regarded as statistically significant and indicates strong evidence of the hypothesis. Additionally, the K-means clustering analysis of Thai distal femoral to the optimum size of the prosthesis with the correlation between ML length and AP width was performed. The results found that the morphometric parameters of the Thai male distal femur were significantly different and higher than those of Thai females, except for the ratio of ML/AP and ML/MAP. Comparatively, there was a significant difference between the specific size of Thai distal femur and that of the Korean population, which was also smaller than that for Caucasians. In addition, there was a mismatch between the distal femoral component sizing of knee prosthesis and what is available and commonly used in Thailand. At least six sizes of ML and/or AP should be recommended for the reasonable design of distal femoral prosthesis for covering the anatomy of Thais. These data are useful for predicting the morphometric parameters in forensic anthropology and provide basic data for the design of knee prostheses suitable for the Thai population.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional morphometric differences of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in osteoarthritic and normal knees

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-hui Dong ◽  
Xiang-hui Huang ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yan-Hai Chang ◽  
Ming Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Posterior Condylar ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Background There is a paucity of data concerning the morphological differences of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias in osteoarthritic (OA) and normal knees. The objective of this study was to determine whether morphometric differences in the surfaces of resected distal femurs and proximal tibias exist between OA and normal knees in a Chinese population. Methods Ninety-four OA knees and ninety-five normal knees were evaluated in Chinese individuals. Computed tomography was used to measure the femoral mediolateral (fML), medial anteroposterior (fMAP), lateral anteroposterior (fLAP), medial condylar width (fMCW), lateral condylar width (fLCW), medial posterior condylar curvature radii (fMCR), lateral posterior condyle curvature radii (fLCR), fML/fMAP aspect ratio, tibial mediolateral (tML), middle anteroposterior (tAP), medial anteroposterior (tMAP), and lateral anteroposterior (tLAP) tML/tMAP aspect ratio to determine the morphologic differences between OA and normal knees. Results The average fMCW and tMAP dimensions of OA knees were larger than those of normal knees in both male and female (p <0.05). The fMAP/fML aspect ratio and tMAP/tML aspect ratio were also significantly different in both sexs (p <0.05). OA knees have an oval-shaped distal femur with a wider ML length and more spherical-shaped proximal tibiae with relatively narrow ML dimensions. Conclusions The study revealed the morphological differences in fMCW, tMAP, fMAP/fML and tMAP/tML between OA and normal knees in both males and females. These findings may provide guidelines that can be used to design better knee implants that are more size-matched for OA knees.

scholarly journals Application of 3D Computed Tomography Reconstruction Images to Assess the Thickness and Dimensions of the Posterior Palatal Seal Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soeun Lim ◽  
Seoung-Jin Hong ◽  
Joo-Young Ohe ◽  
Janghyun Paek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Mean Dimension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

Few studies have been reported on the scientific measurements of the thickness and dimensions of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) area. The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the thickness of palatal mucosa by using a three-dimensional (3D) model reconstructed with computed tomography (CT) images and to present objective values by identifying the PPS area. The CT images were reconstructed as a 3D model by separating the maxillary palate mucosa and teeth. Each reconstructed model was analyzed and the thickness was measured at 93 crossing points of each divided plane. The dimension of the PPS area was measured and the right and left dimensions of the PPS area were compared. The thickness of the palatal mucosa was thicker toward the posterior area. The thickness increased in the lateral direction and decreased again. In the PPS area, the mean dimension between the rearmost of anterior border and the most posterior line was 2.19 mm and the mean dimension between the forefront of anterior border and the most posterior line was 5.19 mm in the right side and 5.16 mm in the left side. The mean dimension from the center of the palate to the right most forward point was 6.85 mm, and the left was 7.36 mm. The new measurement method of palatal mucosal thickness is noninvasive, accurate, and easy to store and study, so it can be used effectively in planning and manufacturing the maxillary complete denture in the digital workflows.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional visualisation of the internal anatomy of the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) forelimb using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Bribiesca-Contreras ◽  
William I. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accipiter Nisus ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Muscle Geometry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Non Destructive

BackgroundGross dissection is a widespread method for studying animal anatomy, despite being highly destructive and time-consuming. X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be a non-destructive alternative for studying anatomical structures. However, in the past it has been limited to only being able to visualise mineralised tissues. In recent years, morphologists have started to use traditional X-ray contrast agents to allow the visualisation of soft tissue elements in the CT context. The aim of this project is to assess the ability of contrast-enhanced micro-CT (μCT) to construct a three-dimensional (3D) model of the musculoskeletal system of the bird wing and to quantify muscle geometry and any systematic changes due to shrinkage. We expect that this reconstruction can be used as an anatomical guide to the sparrowhawk wing musculature and form the basis of further biomechanical analysis of flight.MethodsA 3% iodine-buffered formalin solution with a 25-day staining period was used to visualise the wing myology of the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus). μCT scans of the wing were taken over the staining period until full penetration of the forelimb musculature by iodine was reached. A 3D model was reconstructed by manually segmenting out the individual elements of the avian wing using 3D visualisation software.ResultsDifferent patterns of contrast were observed over the duration of the staining treatment with the best results occurring after 25 days of staining. Staining made it possible to visualise and identify different elements of the soft tissue of the wing. Finally, a 3D reconstruction of the musculoskeletal system of the sparrowhawk wing is presented and numerical data of muscle geometry is compared to values obtained by dissection.DiscussionContrast-enhanced μCT allows the visualisation and identification of the wing myology of birds, including the smaller muscles in the hand, and provides a non-destructive way for quantifying muscle volume with an accuracy of 96.2%. By combining contrast-enhanced μCT with 3D visualisation techniques, it is possible to study the individual muscles of the forelimb in their original position and 3D design, which can be the basis of further biomechanical analysis. Because the stain can be washed out post analysis, this technique provides a means of obtaining quantitative muscle data from museum specimens non-destructively.

scholarly journals Morphometric measurement of the proximal tibia to design the tibial component of total knee arthroplasty for the Thai population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chotchuang Phombut ◽  
Supakit Rooppakhun ◽  
Bura Sindhupakorn
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Component ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Triangular Points

Abstract Purpose This study evaluates the morphology of the Thai proximal tibia based on three-dimensional (3D) models to design the tibial component. Methods The 3D models of 480 tibias were created using reverse engineering techniques from computed tomography imaging data obtained from 240 volunteers (120 males, 120 females; range 20–50 years). Based on 3D measurements, a digital ruler was used to measure the distance between the triangular points of the models. The morphometric parameters consisted of mediolateral length (ML), anteroposterior width (AP), medial anteroposterior width (MAP), lateral anteroposterior width (LAP), central to a medial length (CM), central to a lateral length (CL), medial anterior radius (MAR), lateral anterior radius (LAR), and tibial aspect ratio (AR). An independent t-test was performed for gender differences, and K-means clustering was used to find the optimum sizes of the tibial component with a correlation between ML length and AP width in Thai people. Results The average morphometric parameters of Thai proximal tibia, namely ML, AP, MAP, LAP, CM, and CL, were as follows: 72.52 ± 5.94 mm, 46.36 ± 3.84 mm, 49.22 ± 3.62 mm, 43.59 ± 4.05 mm, 14.29 ± 2.72 mm, and 15.28 ± 2.99 mm, respectively. The average of MAR, LAR, and AR was 24.43 ± 2.11 mm, 21.52 ± 2.00 mm, and 1.57 ± 0.08, respectively. All morphometric parameters in males were significantly higher than those of females. There was a difference between the Thai proximal tibia and other nationalities and a mismatch between the size of the commercial tibial component and the Thai knee. Using K-means clustering analysis, the recommended number of ML and AP is seven sizes for the practical design of tibial components to cover the Thai anatomy. Conclusion The design of the tibial component should be recommended to cover the anatomy of the Thai population. These data provide essential information for the specific design of Thai knee prostheses.

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Morphometric Differences of Resected Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia in Osteoarthritis and Normal Knees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-hui Dong ◽  
Xiang-hui Huang ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Yan-hai Chang ◽  
Ming Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Background: There is a paucity of data concerning the morphological differences of resected distal femur and proximal tibias in osteoarthritis (OA) and normal knees. The objective of this study was to determine if morphometric differences exist in resected distal femur and proximal tibia surface between OA and normal knees in Chinese population. Methods: Ninety-eight OA knee and ninety-six normal ones, taken from Chinese population, were measured by computed tomography for femoral mediolateral (fML), medial anteroposterior (fMAP), lateral anteroposterior (fLAP), medial condylar width (fMCW), lateral condylar width (fLCW) and tibial mediolateral (tML), middle anteroposterior (tAP), medial anteroposterior (tMAP), lateral anteroposterior (tLAP) dimensions to determine the morphologic differences between OA and normal knees. Results: The average tMAP and fMCW dimensions were 50.2 ± 3.3 mm, 28.7±2.3 mm for OA, and 48.8 ± 3.8 mm, 27.1±2.2 mm for normal knees, respectively. There were significant differences between OA and normal knees with regard to tMAP and fMCW dimensions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed the morphological differences of tMAP and fMCW between the OA and normal groups, which may provide guidelines for designing better knee implants that are more size-matching for OA knees.

Three-dimensional modelling of the venous system by direct multislice helical computed tomography venography: technique, indications and results

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Venography

The aim of multislice helical computed tomography venography (CTV) is to provide a precise, global and three-dimensional (3D) anatomical depiction of the venous network of the lower limbs. A multislice and multidetector spiral CT acquisition of the lower limbs with contrast injection of the dorsal foot produces about 1000 slices in 30 seconds. Dedicated volume-rendering software can compute a realistic and interactive 3D model of the venous system in realtime. This new tool furnishes an accurate 3D representation of the whole venous system of the lower limb with a realistic 3D model of the limbs, providing a road map of the varicose networks complementary to the duplex ultrasound (DUS). CTV allows a complete morphological study of the deep veins, including the detection of anatomical variations and proximal venous obstruction, not easily detectable by DUS. In the case of deep vein thrombosis, it has been shown to be a good diagnostic tool, well correlated with sonography. It also demonstrates, in some cases, haemodynamic patterns which are not available by DUS, particularly for perforator veins and congenital vascular malformations. The use of virtual reality techniques enables a complete anatomical study of both deep and superficial veins including a virtual dissection of the limbs. CTV is also a great educational tool to learn anatomy of the venous system and a powerful research tool to improve our knowledge of venous anatomy.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Quantification of Bone Mineral Density in the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia Based on Computed Tomography: In Vitro Evaluation of an Extended Standardization Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Hugo Babel ◽  
Patrick Omoumi ◽  
Killian Cosendey ◽  
Hugues Cadas ◽  
Brigitte M. Jolles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Precision Error

While alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) are of interest in a number of musculoskeletal conditions affecting the knee, their analysis is limited by a lack of tools able to take full advantage of modern imaging modalities. This study introduced a new method, combining computed tomography (CT) and computational anatomy algorithms, to produce standardized three-dimensional BMD quantification in the distal femur and proximal tibia. The method was evaluated on ten cadaveric knees CT-scanned twice and processed following three different experimental settings to assess the influence of different scans and operators. The median reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and the median reproducibility (precision error (RMSSD)) ranged from 3.97 to 10.75 mg/cc for the different experimental settings. In conclusion, this paper presented a method to standardize three-dimensional knee BMD with excellent reliability and adequate reproducibility to be used in research and clinical applications. The perspectives offered by this novel method are further reinforced by the fact it relies on conventional CT scan of the knee. The standardization method introduced in this work is not limited to BMD and could be adapted to quantify other bone parameters in three dimension based on CT images or images acquired using different modalities.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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