scholarly journals Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Levulinic Acid, and Formic Acid in 1,3-Dibutyl-2-(2-butoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazolium Iodide-Based Ionic Liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Megawati Zunita ◽  
Deana Wahyuningrum ◽  
Buchari ◽  
Bunbun Bundjali ◽  
I Gede Wenten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Brønsted Acid ◽  
Dehydration Reaction ◽  
Brönsted Acid

The separation process between 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and trace glucose in glucose conversion is important in the biphasic system (aqueous–organic phase), due to the partial solubility property of HMF in water. In addition, the yield of HMF via the dehydration reaction of glucose in water is low (under 50%) with the use of Brønsted acid as a catalyst. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the production and separation of products by using a new hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), which is more selective than water. The new IL (1,3-dibutyl-2-(2-butoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl imidazolium iodide) [DBDIm]I was used as a solvent and was optimized for the dehydration reaction of glucose to make a more selective separation of HMF, levulinic acid (LA), and formic acid (FA). [DBDIm]I showed high performance as a solvent for glucose conversion at 100 °C for 120 min, with a yield of 82.2% HMF, 14.9% LA, and 2.9% FA in the presence of sulfuric acid as the Brønsted acid catalyst.

scholarly journals Reaction Kinetics of Levulinic Acid Synthesis from Glucose Using Bronsted Acid Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meutia Ermina Toif ◽  
Muslikhin Hidayat ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Brønsted Acid ◽  
Initial Glucose Concentration ◽  
Brönsted Acid ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Glucose is the primary derivative of lignocellulosic biomass, which is abundantly available. Glucose has excellent potential to be converted into valuable compounds such as ethanol, sorbitol, gluconic acid, and levulinic acid (LA). Levulinic acid is a very promising green platform chemical. It is composed of two functional groups, ketone and carboxylate groups which can act as highly reactive electrophiles for nucleophilic attack so it has extensive applications, including fuel additives, raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, and cosmetics. The reaction kinetics of LA synthesis from glucose using hydrochloric acid catalyst (bronsted acid) were studied in a wide range of operating conditions, i.e., temperature of 140-180 oC, catalyst concentration of 0.5-1.5 M, and initial glucose concentration of 0.1-0.5 M. The highest LA yield is 48.34 %wt at 0.1 M initial glucose concentration, 1 M HCl, and temperature of 180 oC. The experimental results show that the bronsted acid catalyst's reaction pathway consists of glucose decomposition to levoglucosan (LG), conversion of LG to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and rehydration of HMF to LA. The experimental data yields a good fitting by assuming a first-order reaction model.

Brønsted acid ionic liquid-catalyzed reductive Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles and cyclic ketones without using an external reductant

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Taheri ◽  
Bingbing Lai ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Yanlong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cyclic Ketone ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Brønsted Acid ◽  
Cyclic Ketones ◽  
Brönsted Acid

C3-cycloalkylated indole was synthesized from indole and cyclic ketone in the absence of a reductant with the aid of an acid catalyst.

Valorization of lignocellulosic fibres of paper waste into levulinic acid using solid and aqueous Brønsted acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Season S. Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Iris K.M. Yu ◽  
Daniel C.W. Tsang ◽  
Andrew J. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Brønsted Acid ◽  
Paper Waste ◽  
Brönsted Acid
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