scholarly journals Evaluation of Coupling PV and Air Conditioning vs. Solar Cooling Systems—Case Study from Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Mustafa Jaradat ◽  
Murad Al-Omary ◽  
Maha Zaquot
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Cooling

When they were first conceived, solar cooling systems were designed to be cost-effective and environmentally safe alternatives for the majority of the developing nations that are characterised by their hot climates in contrast with the traditional air conditioning systems powered by electricity that is produced from fossil fuel resources. Nevertheless, developments in photovoltaic (PV) and air-conditioning technologies have impacted on the prospects of solar cooling systems. This study examined two different options: a coupled PV and air conditioner system and a solar cooling system (absorption chillers where thermal energy is provided by solar collectors) for a specific developing country located in the Eastern Mediterranean region whose climate is hot and dry (Jordan). The cooling system comprised a pair of cooled multistage compression, both of which were 700 kW, while the PV system’s size was 2.1 MWp, the utility grid connection was a 0.4 kV 50 Hz net meter (2 m) and it was anticipated that 3300 MWh/year would be generated. The solar cooling system operated at a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.79 and had an actual recorded COP of 0.32 on the site; when the electricity tariff of $0.1/kWh was considered, the respective levelised cost of energy (LCOE) values were $0.9/kWh and $2.35/kWh respectively. The findings indicate that the initial costs for the solar thermal cooling system and the PV system were approximately $3.150M and $3M, respectively. The current value of future cash payments when discounts of 6% per year were applied to the payments for the combination of PV and air conditioning was about $9,745,000, whereas the solar thermal cooling system will not reach the breakeven point at negative $1,730,000. It is clear the absorption chiller did not display economic feasibility, whereas the value for the coupled PV and air-conditioning systems was under $0.05/kWh. In addition to the extensive maintenance needs, the reduced COP and the practicality and feasibility of the solar thermal cooling systems mean these kinds of technologies are under significant pressure to remain competitive when faced with the development of new air conditioning and PV technologies.

Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal Cooling and Solar Photovoltaic Cooling Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
V. Bortone ◽  
J. C. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

The Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy projects that more than 80% of the energy consumption of the U.S. by 2035 will come from fossil fuels. This projection should be the fuel to promote projects related to renewable energy in order to reduce energy consumption from fossil fuels to avoid their undesirable consequences such as carbon dioxide emissions. Since solar radiation match pretty well building cooling demands, solar cooling systems will be an important factor in the next decades to meet or exceed the green gases reduction that will be demanded by the society and regulations in order to mitigate environmental consequences such as global warming. Solar energy can be used as source of energy to produce cooling through different technologies. Solar thermal energy applies to technology such as absorption chillers and desiccant cooling, while electricity from solar photovoltaic can be used to drive vapor compression electric chillers. This study focuses on the comparison of a Solar Thermal Cooling System that uses an absorption chiller driven by solar thermal energy, and a Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System that uses a vapor compression system (electric chiller) driven by solar electricity (solar photovoltaic system). Both solar cooling systems are compared against a standard air cooled cooling system that uses electricity from the grid. The models used in the simulations to obtain the results are described in the paper along with the parameters (inputs) used. Results are presented in two figures. Each figure has one curve for the Solar Thermal Cooling System and one for the Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System. One figure allows estimation of savings calculated based the net present value of energy consumption cost. The other figure allows estimating primary energy consumption reduction and emissions reduction. Both figures presents the result per ton of refrigeration and as a function of area of solar collectors or/and area of photovoltaic modules. This approach to present the result of the simulations of the systems makes these figures quite general. This means that the results can be used to compare both solar cooling systems independently of the cooling demand (capacity of the system), as well as allow the analysis for different sizes of the solar system used to harvest the solar energy (collectors or photovoltaic modules).

Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal Cooling and Solar Photovoltaic Cooling Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
V. Bortone ◽  
J. C. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

The Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy projects that more than 80% of the energy consumption of the U.S. by 2035 will come from fossil fuels. This projection should be the fuel to promote projects related to renewable energy in order to reduce energy consumption from fossil fuels to avoid their undesirable consequences such as carbon dioxide emissions. Since solar radiation match pretty well building cooling demands, solar cooling systems will be an important factor in the next decades to meet or exceed the green gases reduction that will be demanded by the society and regulations in order to mitigate environmental consequences such as global warming. Solar energy can be used as source of energy to produce cooling through different technologies. Solar thermal energy applies to technology such as absorption chillers and desiccant cooling, while electricity from solar photovoltaic can be used to drive vapor compression electric chillers. This study focuses on the comparison of a solar thermal cooling system that uses an absorption chiller driven by solar thermal energy, and a solar photovoltaic cooling system that uses a vapor compression system (electric chiller) driven by solar electricity (solar photovoltaic system). Both solar cooling systems are compared against a standard air cooled cooling system that uses electricity from the grid. The models used in the simulations to obtain the results are described in the paper along with the parameters (inputs) used. Results are presented in two figures. Each figure has one curve for the solar thermal cooling system and one for the solar photovoltaic cooling system. One figure allows estimation of savings calculated based the present value of discounted energy consumption cost. The other figure allows estimating primary energy consumption reduction and emissions reduction. Both figures presents the result per ton of refrigeration and as a function of area of solar collectors or/and area of photovoltaic modules. This approach to present the result of the simulations of the systems makes these figures quite general. This means that the results can be used to compare both solar cooling systems independently of the cooling demand (capacity of the system), as well as allow the analysis for different sizes of the solar system used to harvest the solar energy (collectors or photovoltaic modules).

Methodology to Determine Cost and Performance Goals for Active Solar Cooling Systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
M. L. Warren ◽  
M. Wahlig
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling System ◽  
Year 2000

Economic and thermal performance analyses of typical residential and commercial active solar cooling systems are used to determine cost goals for systems to be installed between the years 1986 and 2000. Market penetration for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems depends on payback period, which is related to the expected real return on investment. Postulating a market share for solar cooling systems increasing to 20 percent by the year 2000, payback and return on onvestment goals as a function of year of purchase are established. The incremental solar system cost goal must be equal to or less than the 20-year present value of future energy savings, based on thermal performance analysis, at the desired return on investment. Methods for achieving these cost goals and expected solar cooling system costs will be discussed.

scholarly journals Small Scale Solar Cooling Unit in Climate Conditions of Latvia: Environmental and Economical Aspects

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (-1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Dzintars Jaunzems ◽  
Ivars Veidenbergs
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Solar Cooling System

Small Scale Solar Cooling Unit in Climate Conditions of Latvia: Environmental and Economical Aspects The paper contributes to the analyses from the environmental and economical point of view of small scale solar cooling system in climate conditions of Latvia. Cost analyses show that buildings with a higher cooling load and full load hours have lower costs. For high internal gains, cooling costs are around 1,7 €/kWh and 2,5 €/kWh for buildings with lower internal gains. Despite the fact that solar cooling systems have significant potential to reduce CO2 emissions due to a reduction of electricity consumption, the economic feasibility and attractiveness of solar cooling system is still low.

scholarly journals Techno feasibility analysis of a concentrating solar thermal cooling systems at a university complex

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (217) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Diego C. Malagueta ◽  
Lucas de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Elisa Pinto da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Combined Cooling

Concentrating solar thermal (CST) energy applications are growing worldwide, especially in combined cooling, heat, and power processes. Building upon the analysis of a building’s thermal comfort, and software simulations for CST, the current study evaluates a solar conditioning system integrated with absorption systems. The cooling system is equipped with single-, double- and triple-effect configurations cycle, production parameters, and thermal storage. The required fraction of auxiliary energy for the system operation is estimated. The results indicate that the double effect system is the best configuration for the adopted location in Brazil. The system’s annual auxiliary energy demand is, approximately, 20%. Triple-effect systems require less energy at higher temperatures due to local direct radiation, which then leads to an intermittent operation and greater auxiliary energy demands. The methodology applied in this work could be adopted in different locations, with an emphasis on the possibility of testing smaller scale systems in small buildings.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of Solar Assisted Desiccant Cooling Technology in Developing Countries: A Case of Saudi Arabia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad M. Rafique ◽  
Luai M. Alhems ◽  
Md. Mahbub Alam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the potential and feasibility of using solar thermal cooling systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The performance of a desiccant cooling system has been determined based on climatic data of 32 cities spread all over the territory of the country. The investigation has been carried out keeping in view the high energy consumption for cooling applications in the country. The analysis has been done using the overall performance of the system, sensible energy ratio, and cooling and regeneration loads. The main objective of this study is to encourage the implementation of solar thermal cooling systems in the country for the development of sustainable buildings. The economic analysis shows that thermal cooling technology can reduce the cost of cooling units, remarkably. Furthermore, the utilization of the proposed system will decrease the dependence on primary energy resources. The saving factor of the proposed system with 1 ton capacity in comparison to the conventional vapor compression unit is found to be 34.6%. The present study also recommends that the government subsidies and incentives can further improve the development and utilization of solar air conditioning technology in developing countries.

Energy Analysis for the Solar Thermal Cooling System in Universitas Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950023
Author(s):  
M. Idrus Alhamid ◽  
Nasruddin ◽  
Arnas Lubis ◽  
Kiyoshi Saito ◽  
Hajime Yabase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Chilled Water ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Solar Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Evacuated Tube

The objective of this study is to analyze all the energy used in the solar cooling system in Universitas Indonesia. This system uses three energies at the same time, namely, solar, gas and electricity energies, which are used to provide a required cooling capacity from the mechanical research center (MRC) building in Universitas Indonesia. The single–double-effect absorption chiller is the main component of the solar thermal cooling system to provide the chilled water that is circulated between the system and MRC building. In this system, heat from solar energy is absorbed by the evacuated tube solar collector and then transferred to the hot water that is used to generate vapor together with the gas at the absorption machine. On the other hand, electricity is mostly consumed by the pumps to circulate the hot, cooling and chilled water, also the working fluids inside the absorption machine. Finally, all the energies used to create a thermal comfort zone in the MRC building based on the Indonesia weathers are reported in this paper.

Cost and Performance Analysis of a Solar Thermal Cooling Project

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel K. Dickinson ◽  
Robert O. Hess ◽  
Jeff Seaton ◽  
Henny van Lambalgen ◽  
Andrea L. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Conditioning Equipment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

This paper presents the findings of a field study and performance analysis of a solar thermal cooling system located in Phoenix, Arizona. This system is compared to conventional air conditioning equipment, as well as conventional air conditioning equipment powered by solar electric (photovoltaics). The design of the solar cooling system, which incorporates solar-generated hot water and a single-stage absorption chiller, is discussed. Capital and maintenance cost estimates, including auxiliary electric load and water, are also provided. Operational problems are reviewed together with the design modifications that were required to resolve these issues. Performance of the system and the individual components was determined based on field data collected. Using this data the solar cooler energy savings over conventional air conditioning equipment was determined (Figure 1).

Model predictive control of a high efficiency solar thermal cooling system with thermal storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Pintaldi ◽  
Jiaming Li ◽  
Subbu Sethuvenkatraman ◽  
Stephen White ◽  
Gary Rosengarten
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling
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