scholarly journals Tailoring Asymmetric Lossy Channels to Test the Robustness of Mesoscopic Quantum States of Light

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9094
Author(s):  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Maria Bondani
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twin Beam ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Intensity Regime

In the past twenty years many experiments have demonstrated that quantum states of light can be used for secure data transfer, despite the presence of many noise sources. In this paper we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the role played by a statistically-distributed asymmetric amount of loss in the degradation of nonclassical photon-number correlations between the two parties of multimode twin-beam states in the mesoscopic intensity regime. To be as close as possible to realistic scenarios, we consider two different statistical distributions of such a loss, a Gaussian distribution and a log-normal one. The results achieved in the two cases show to what extent the involved parameters, both those connected to loss and those describing the employed states of light, preserve nonclassicality.

scholarly journals Measuring Nonclassicality of Mesoscopic Twin-Beam States with Silicon Photomultipliers †

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Giovanni Chesi ◽  
Luca Malinverno ◽  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Romualdo Santoro ◽  
Massimo Caccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Optics ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Nonclassical Properties ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Twin Beam ◽  
Proper Analysis

The study of nonclassical properties of quantum states is a relevant topic for fundamental Quantum Optics and Quantum Information applications. In the mesoscopic domain, promising results have been obtained using photon-number-resolving detectors. Here we show recent results achieved with the class of Silicon Photomultipliers: by a proper analysis of the output signal, the nonclassicality of twin-beam states can be detected and exploited.

HIGH-ORDER PHOTON-NUMBER CORRELATIONS: A RESOURCE FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM STATES

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1241003 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIA ALLEVI ◽  
STEFANO OLIVARES ◽  
MARIA BONDANI
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
High Order ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Quantum Behavior ◽  
Twin Beam ◽  
High Order Correlation ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Classical States

We measure high-order correlation functions of detected-photon numbers in the mesoscopic regime by means of hybrid photodetectors. The analytical expressions for correlations are evaluated in terms of quantities that can be experimentally accessed by a selfconsistent analysis of the detectors' outputs. We demonstrate that high-order correlations can be used to characterize the nature of the optical states, for instance by better discriminating between classical and quantum behavior even in critical situations, such as multimode twin-beam state. The results are in very good agreement with the theory, both for classical states and quantum states.

scholarly journals Extreme geomagnetic activities: a statistical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuho Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sudden Commencements ◽  
The One ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Geomagnetic Activities ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

Abstract Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set of less than 100 years. The lists of magnetic storms and SCs are provided from Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, while the lists of substorms are obtained from SuperMAG. It is found that majorities of events essentially follow the log-normal distribution, as expected from the random output from a complex system. However, it is uncertain that large-amplitude events follow the same log-normal distributions, and rather follow the power-law distributions. Based on the statistical distributions, the probable amplitudes of the 100-year (1000-year) events can be estimated for magnetic storms, SCs, and substorms as approximately 750 nT (1100 nT), 230 nT (450 nT), and 5000 nT (6200 nT), respectively. The possible origin to cause the statistical distributions is also discussed, consulting the other space weather phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.

Homodyne-like detection scheme based on photon-number-resolving detectors

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1740016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Matteo Bina ◽  
Stefano Olivares ◽  
Maria Bondani
Keyword(s):  
Coherent States ◽  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Homodyne Detection ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Light Signals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Signal Field

Homodyne detection is the most effective detection scheme employed in quantum optics to characterize quantum states. It is based on mixing at a beam splitter the signal to be measured with a coherent state, called the “local oscillator,” and on evaluating the difference of the photocurrents of two photodiodes measuring the outputs of the beam splitter. If the local oscillator is much more intense than the field to be measured, the homodyne signal is proportional to the signal-field quadratures. If the local oscillator is less intense, the photodiodes can be replaced with photon-number-resolving detectors, which have a smaller dynamics but can measure the light statistics. The resulting new homodyne-like detector acquires a hybrid nature, being it capable of yielding information on both the particle-like (statistics) and wave-like (phase) properties of light signals. The scheme has been tested in the measurement of the quadratures of coherent states, bracket states and phase-averaged coherent states at different intensities of the local oscillator.

scholarly journals J-PLUS: Morphological star/galaxy classification by PDF analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 622 ◽  
pp. A177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. López-Sanjuan ◽  
H. Vázquez Ramió ◽  
J. Varela ◽  
D. Spinoso ◽  
R. E. Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Compact Stars ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Future Version ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Galaxy Classification

Aims. Our goal is to morphologically classify the sources identified in the images of the J-PLUS early data release (EDR) as compact (stars) or extended (galaxies) using a dedicated Bayesian classifier. Methods. J-PLUS sources exhibit two distinct populations in the r-band magnitude versus concentration plane, corresponding to compact and extended sources. We modelled the two-population distribution with a skewed Gaussian for compact objects and a log-normal function for the extended objects. The derived model and the number density prior based on J-PLUS EDR data were used to estimate the Bayesian probability that a source is a star or a galaxy. This procedure was applied pointing-by-pointing to account for varying observing conditions and sky positions. Finally, we combined the morphological information from the g, r, and i broad bands in order to improve the classification of low signal-to-noise sources. Results. The derived probabilities are used to compute the pointing-by-pointing number counts of stars and galaxies. The former increases as we approach the Milky Way disk, and the latter are similar across the probed area. The comparison with SDSS in the common regions is satisfactory up to r ~ 21, with consistent numbers of stars and galaxies, and consistent distributions in concentration and (g−i) colour spaces. Conclusions. We implement a morphological star/galaxy classifier based on probability distribution function analysis, providing meaningful probabilities for J-PLUS sources to one magnitude deeper (r ~ 21) than a classical Boolean classification. These probabilities are suited for the statistical study of 150 thousand stars and 101 thousand galaxies with 15 < r ≤ 21 present in the 31.7 deg2 of the J-PLUS EDR. In a future version of the classifier, we will include J-PLUS colour information from 12 photometric bands.

scholarly journals Statistical distributions of water content and sizes for clouds above Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. H. Berton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. The statistics of quantities involved in the synthesis of cloud scenes have been investigated from an original data base. Frequency distributions of ice and water content (IWC), horizontal and vertical sizes (L and H), and top temperatures (T) of clouds above Europe have been derived for nine types of clouds (As, Cb, Ci, Cg, LwCg, OrCg, Cs, Ns, Sc). It appears that the cumulated frequency plots can be well fitted with log-normal or Weibull profiles, and that for IWC and T cloud types can be split into two or three classes according to slopes in logarithmic coordinates. Cross-correlation coefficients between IWC, L, H and T have been also derived. Implications for the physics of the cloud build-up processes are briefly outlined. Critical analysis and comparison of other published results are proposed.Key words: Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)

Estimating a tail of the mixture of log-normal and inverse Gaussian distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kočović ◽  
Vesna Ćojbašić Rajić ◽  
Milan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Inverse Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Inverse Gaussian ◽  
Log Normal

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Statistical Distributions in Electromigration-Induced Failures of Al/Cu Thin-Film Interconnects

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Loupis ◽  
J. N. Avaritsiotis ◽  
G. D. Tziallas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Failure Times ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Cu Thin Film ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

In electromigration failure studies, it is in general assumed that electromigration-induced failures may be adequately modelled by a log-normal distribution. Further to this, it has been argued that a lognormal distribution of failure times is indicative of electromigration mechanisms. We have combined post processing of existing life-data from Al/Cu + TiW bilayer interconnects with our own results from Al/Cu interconnects to show that the Log Extreme Value distribution is an equally good statistical model for electromigration failures, even in cases where grain size exceeds the linewidth. The significance of such a modelling is particularly apparent in electromigration failure rate prediction.

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