scholarly journals Extracts of Peanut Skins as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Methodology and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8546
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Peanut Skins

Peanut skins are a waste product of the peanut processing industry with little commercial value. They are also significant sources of the polyphenolic compounds that are noted for their bioactivity. The extraction procedures for these compounds range from simple single solvent extracts to sophisticated separation schemes to isolate and identify the large range of compounds present. To take advantage of the bioactivities attributed to the polyphenols present, a range of products both edible and nonedible containing peanut skin extracts have been developed. This review presents the range of studies to date that are dedicated to extracting these compounds from peanut skins and their various applications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Hens a Peanut Skin-Containing Diet on Hen Performance, and Shell Egg Quality and Lipid Chemistry

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Ondulla Toomer ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
Rebecca Wysocky ◽  
Vera Moraes ◽  
Ramon Malheiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Peanut Skins

Peanut skins are a considerable waste product with little current economic value or use. We aimed to determine the dietary effects of peanut skins on layer production performance and egg quality and chemistry of the eggs produced. Two hundred commercial hens were randomly assigned to four treatments (five replicates) and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks: conventional control diet, diet containing 24% high-oleic peanut (HOPN), diet containing 3% peanut skin (PN Skin), and a diet with 2.5% oleic acid (OA). Hens fed the HOPN diet had significantly reduced body weights relative to the control and PN Skin treatments, producing fewer total eggs over the 8-week experimental period. Eggs weights were similar between the control and PN Skin treatments at weeks 2 and 4, while eggs from the PN Skin treatment group were heavier than other treatments at weeks 6 and 8 of the experiment. Eggs produced from the HOPN treatment had reduced saturated fatty acid (FA) content in comparison to the other treatment groups, while similar between PN Skin and control eggs at week 8 of the experiment. This study suggests that PN skins may be a suitable alternative layer feed ingredient.

Flavones and Their Analogues as Bioactive Compounds – An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Jayashree ◽  
H. Venkatachalam ◽  
Sanchari Basu Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Poor Solubility

Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties, through their free radical scavenging abilities. They possess a chromone (γ- benzopyrone) moiety, responsible for eliciting many pharmacological activities. Even though, natural flavonoids are highly potent, owing to their poor solubility, they are less used. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve their stability, solubility, efficacy and kinetics by introducing various substituents on the flavone ring. For nearly the last two decades, flavones were synthesized in our laboratory by simple, convenient and cost-effective methods, with the knowledge of both synthetic and semi-synthetic chemistry. In this direction, it was considered worthwhile to present an overview on the synthesized flavonoids. This review creates a platform for highlighting various modifications done on the flavone system along with their biological activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Schisandra chinensis Fruits and Their Active Constituents

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Kopustinskiene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) fruits, their extracts, and bioactive compounds are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders. S. chinensis fruit extracts and their active compounds are potent antioxidants and mitoprotectors exerting anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-aging effects. S. chinensis polyphenolic compounds—flavonoids, phenolic acids and the major constituents dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are responsible for the S. chinensis antioxidant activities. This review will focus on the direct and indirect antioxidant effects of S. chinensis fruit extract and its bioactive compounds in the cells during normal and pathological conditions.

Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive to Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Redhead ◽  
Fur Fatin Inazlina Noor Azman ◽  
Anis Izzaty Nasaruddin ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
Fernanda Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Peanut Skins

Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain polyphenolic compounds identified that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to, (1) PS: peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (2) PSSE: peanut skin diet and SE inoculation 3) CON: control diet without SE inoculation (4) CONSE: control diet with SE inoculation. Feed intake and body weights were determined at week 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 post hatch, 3 birds/pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed using a t-test. Performance data was analyzed in a completely randomized design using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU/g for fecal, litter or feed between treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU/g compared to the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Constituents and Functional Uses of Walnut (Juglans spp.) Husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahanban-Esfahlan ◽  
Ostadrahimi ◽  
Tabibiazar ◽  
Amarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Walnut Husk

The walnut (Juglans spp.) is an appreciated nut that belongs to the Juglandaceae family. The fruit includes four main parts: the kernel, the skin, the shell, and the green husk. It is widely cultivated due to its edible kernel. In walnut production centers, high amounts of the husk as an agro-forest waste product are produced and discarded away. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the walnut green husk could be valued as a source of different natural bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Regarding this respect, in this contribution, the current scientific knowledge on the antioxidant and antiradical activities, various identified and isolated individual chemical constituents, as well as the functional applications of the walnut husk with more emphasis on the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) are reviewed.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Degradation of Polyphenols from Thermally-Processed Berries and Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects against Melanoma

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorița Diaconeasa
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids

Polyphenols are natural occurring micronutrients that can protect plants from natural weathering and are also helpful to humans. These compounds are abundantly found in fruits or berries. Because of berry seasonal availability and also due to their rapid degradation, people have found multiple ways to preserve them. The most common options are freezing or making jams. Polyphenol stability, during processing is a continuous challenge for the food industry. There are also multiple published data providing that they are sensitive to light, pH or high temperature, vectors which are all present during jam preparation. In this context the aim of this study was to assess phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds degradation after jam preparation. We also monitored their degradation during storage time and their in vitro antiproliferative potential when tested on melanoma cells. The obtained results revealed that when processed and stored in time, the bioactive compounds from berries jams are degrading, but they still exert antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. Prior to LC-MS analysis, polyphenolic compounds were identified as: flavonoids (anthocyanins (ANT), flavonols (FLA)) and non-flavonoid (hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) and hydroxybenzoic acids (HBA)). The most significant decrease was observed for HCA compared to other classes of compounds. This variation is expected due to differences in constituents and phenolic types among different analyzed berries.

scholarly journals Profile of Bioactive Compounds in the Morphological Parts of Wild Fallopia japonica (Houtt) and Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) and Their Antioxidative Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Jan Oszmiański
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Fallopia Japonica

The aim of this study was to determine the content of triterpenoids and polyphenols, and antioxidative activity in leaves, stalks, and roots of plants from the species Fallopia as well as to present the main relationship between them. Polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids were identified with liquid chromatography-photodiode detector-mass spectrometry/quadrupole time of flight (LC-MS-Q/TOF; qualitatively) and quantified with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode detector (UPLC-PDA (quantitatively), and their antioxidative activity was determined with radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Generally, the wild Fallopia japonica Houtt. species had 1.2 times higher content of bioactive compounds and antioxidative activity than Fallopia sachalinensis. Contents of polyphenolic compounds determined in leaves, stalks, and roots were on average 17.81, 10.60, and 9.02 g/100 g of dry weight (DW), whereas the average contents of triterpenoids reached 0.78, 0.70, and 0.50 g/100 g DW, respectively. The leaves were a better source of polymeric procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols, as well as oleanolic and ursolic acids than the other morphological parts of the tested plants. However, the roots were an excellent source of flavan-3-ols (monomeric and oligomer) and stilbenes, such as resveratrol, and their derivatives. The results obtained showed significant differences between plants of the wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts, and enabled selecting the most valuable morphological part of the tested plants to be used for food enrichment and nutraceuticals production. Therefore, the leaves seem to be the best as potential food additives for health, due to the above-average content of polyphenolic compounds and triterpenoids. In turn, roots, with their high contents of stilbenes and polyphenolic compounds, represent a good material for the medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The principal component analysis of the plants of wild Fallopia species and their morphological parts confirmed significant differences in their chemical composition.

Separation and characterization of polyphenolics from underutilized byproducts of fruit production (Choerospondias axillaris peels): inhibitory activity of proanthocyanidins against glycolysis enzymes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3693-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Ti Li ◽  
Chengmei Liu ◽  
Yuxin Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
Processing Industry

Bioactive proanthocyanidins were isolated from the peel ofChoerospondias axillarisfruit, which is a waste product of the food processing industry.

scholarly journals Corrosion Resistant Materials for the Citrus Processing Industry

1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. T. Tiffin
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Citrus Waste

One of the most perplexing problems that confronts the designer of citrus processing machinery and equipment is that of corrosion resistance. Citrus waste product, pulp, and juice have a citric acid content of around 2.7% by weight which will quickly destroy paint or lacquer finishes and will rapidly corrode carbon or low alloy steels. Only the highly alloyed chromium nickel steels, monel, inconel, pure nickel, some of the bronzes, tin and copper can withstand the corrosive attack of citrus juice and pulp. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Selection of Peanut Skin as a Growing Medium for Moon Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Nur Rokhimah Hanik ◽  
Sri Harsono ◽  
Anwari Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peanut Shells ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peanut Skins

Ferns are a planting medium that is commonly used in Phalaenopsis cultivation, but the growing demand for fern will increase the selling price and the availability of fern is limited. So a solution is needed to reduce the maintenance and maintenance costs by utilizing peanut shells as a growth medium. The purpose of this study is: 1. To determine the effect of peanut skin media on the growth of Phalaenopsis amabilis month orchid 2. To find out better which influence between fern media, fern media plus peanut skins, or peanut skin media on orchid growth month of Phalaenopsis amabilis. When the research began in May 2019 until October 2019. The research object was in the form of a 4-5 month-old orchid, the research location in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangun Nusantara University, Sukoharjo. Simple randomized study design with three treatments. Treatment A by giving fern media, treatment B by giving fern media mixed with peanut skin, and treatment C by giving peanut skin media. The research variables are the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf area, number of roots and root length measured once a week for 8 weeks. Data analysis with 2. Variance Test (Anova or Kruskal Wallis test) 3. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) or Moods Median Test. From the results of the study it was found that all observed growth variables (number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, number of roots, average root length, and wet weight) were treated with fern, mixed (Fern and peanut shell) media, and media of peanut skin, there was no significant difference in the effect on the growth of the month orchid. Which means that the three types of media both have an influence on the growth of Phalaenopsis amabilis month orchids. media ferns and peanut shells have their advantages and disadvantages of each. So it can be concluded that, 1. The use of peanut skin media can affect the growth of Phalaenopsis amabilis month orchids. 2. Media fern, a mixture of fern media and peanut skins, and peanut skin media can provide the same effect on the growth of Phalaenopsis amabilis month orchids. From the results of the study it can be recommended that peanut skins can be used as a medium or a mixture of growing media of Phalaenopsis amabilis orchids.

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