scholarly journals An Analysis of the Performance of Trolleybus Brushes Developed from Recycled Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7929
Author(s):  
Adam Jakubas ◽  
Krzysztof Chwastek ◽  
Artur Cywiński ◽  
Adam Gnatowski ◽  
Łukasz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Good Electrical Contact

The paper presents an analysis of the performance of traction brushes produced from waste materials. Brushes are used to ensure good electrical contact between the rail and the pantograph. Slides are produced by the process of hot pressing, with the parameters of heating up to max 175 °C, at the minimal pressure value of 200 MPa. Some of the developed brushes with a high (55–60%) content of recycled materials are more durable and break-resistant than their commercial counterparts.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Possibility to Develop Trolleybus Current Brushes From Recycled Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Jakubas ◽  
Krzysztof Chwastek ◽  
Artur Cywiński ◽  
Adam Gnatowski ◽  
Artur Cywiński
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Good Electrical Contact

The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of producing traction brushes from waste materials. Brushes are used to ensure good electrical contact between the rail and the pantograph. Slides are produced in the process of hot pressing, with parameters of heating up to max 175 ⁰C, at the minimal pressure value of 200 MPa. The developed brushes with a high (55-60%) content of recycled materials have comparable characteristics to commercial brushes, and some of the prototypes are even more durable and break-resistant.

Processing and Properties of ZrB2-Cu Composites Sintered by Hot-Pressing Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shang ◽  
Hai Long Wang ◽  
Shi Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiao Tong Zhao ◽  
Hong Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Metal Plating ◽  
Electroless Metal Plating ◽  
Electrical Contact Materials ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering

ZrB2-Cu composite is a new electrical contact materials in the integration of high conductivity, high wear resistance and good mechanical strength. In this paper, ZrB2-Cu composites were prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 800~900 °C under a pressure of 20 MPa.The densification of ZrB2-Cu composites was improved by the addition of nickel using an electroless metal plating technique. X-ray diffraction and scan electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase and microstructure of ZrB2-Cu composites. The results showed that ZrB2-Cu composites with 60 vol % Cu which was sintered at 900 °C had a higher relative density, highest flexural strength of 381 MPa and higher hardness of 2.16 GPa(HV). ZrB2-Cu composites with 50 vol % Cu which was sintered at 900 °C had higher flexural strength of 297 MPa and the highest hardness of 2.66 GPa.

Scaling the 3D Bumps Pitch from 20 to 10 μm, Focusing on the Wet Cu Seed Etch Process Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Suhard ◽  
A. Moussa ◽  
J. Slakkeboorn ◽  
F. Beirnaert ◽  
I. de Preter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Seed Layer Thickness ◽  
Good Electrical Contact ◽  
Stacked Integrated Circuits

Within 3D stacked integrated circuits (3D-SIC), the fabrication of well-defined and solid microbumps is required. These bumps are typically being processed in presence of probing metal such as Al in order to stack functioning dies [1]. As a result of the variety of metals present and the continuous microbump downscaling towards 10 μm, more selective Cu seed etch chemistries are being screened. These Cu seed etch chemistries should be compatible with a variety of metals (Ni, Sn, Al, Co) and generate bumps without undercut and acceptable lateral etch (< 300 nm/side for 20 μm and < 150 nm/side for 10 μm). However the lateral etch specifications were just met for 20 μm [2] and will be more stringent for 10 μm, especially as the lateral etch specification are within the same range as the Cu seed layer thickness (150 nm). Additionally, the current seed etch process is yielding rough bumps (Rs >15 nm) whereas our target is set to be <12 nm in order to guarantee a good electrical contact.

Fabrication of Low Temperature Foaming Glass Materials Using Hydrothermal Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1673-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yoshikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Sato ◽  
Toshihiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Porous Glass ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Glasses ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
B2o3 Glass

In order to prepare the functional porous glasses, fabrication of foaming glass materials was achieved utilizing the hydrothermal treatment. In the present paper, SiO2-Na2O-B2O3 glass was hydrated by the hydrothermal hot pressing of the glass powder mixed with pure water under the condition of loading pressure of 40 MPa and heating up to 523K. The hydrothermally treated glass contained 10.8 mass% of water. By heating up to 473 K, it started to foam by releasing water and the porous structure was obtained. The minimum apparent density was obtained to be 0.25 g /cm3 after the heat treatment at 673 K for 300 s. It was clarified that the prepared hydrated glass with the hydrothermal treatment would be promising for fabricating the porous glass materials by firing at low temperature.

Rand- und Grenzbedingungen in der Theorie stark verunreinigter Supraleiter

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-670
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Usadel
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Correlation Function ◽  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Good Electrical Contact

The kernel of the linearized integral equation for the order parameter Δ (r) was shown] by DE GENNES to be the solution of a diffusion equation in the case of a very impure superconductor. On the basis of the method of the correlation function originating from DE GENNES and further developed by LÜDERS, boundary conditions to the diffusion equation are derived for surfaces and for interfaces between different conductors. In the case of good electrical contact, our results are identical with those given by DE GENNES.

FeOx@carbon yolk/shell nanowires with tailored void spaces as stable and high-capacity anodes for lithium ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (32) ◽  
pp. 12487-12496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Ma ◽  
Guozhong Cao ◽  
Yongquan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Good Rate Capability ◽  
Shell Nanowires ◽  
Good Electrical Contact

Porous FeOx@C yolk/shell nanowires with optimized void space delivered a stable cyclability over 400 cycles, high capacities and a good rate capability. The optimized void space contributes to preserve structural integrity and maintain good electrical contact between FeOx and C.

scholarly journals The utilization of paving blocks as environmental heat reduction materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Mohammad Imran ◽  
Novita Shamin ◽  
Rahmi Budi As'Adiyah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Important Impact

Global warming increases the overall temperature of the earth's surface and leads to climate change. Therefore, it plays an important impact on human life, especially in the architecture field. This study aims to identify the rise in environmental temperature due to parked cars with running engines and the use of paving blocks as heat-reducing material. This is a quantitative research with data collected and measured directly in the field, before being processed and explored of natural and waste materials in the laboratory. The results showed: (1) an increase in environmental temperature of ± 34.80C - 39.40C, or 50C to 100C due to parked cars with running engines, (2) the use of rectangular and hexagon paving blocks as heat-reducing material. Therefore, the increase in environmental temperature is reduced by the use of paving blocks, which comprises of basic (cement, sand, and water), natural (grass and fibers), and recycled materials (sawdust and styrofoam). 

Epitaxial ferroelectric thin films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
S. G. Ghonge ◽  
E. Goo ◽  
R. Ramesh ◽  
R. Haakenaasen ◽  
D. K. Fork
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Nonvolatile Memory ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Ferroelectric Films ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Wide Range

Microstructure of epitaxial ferroelectric/conductive oxide heterostructures on LaAIO3(LAO) and Si substrates have been studied by conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The epitaxial films have a wide range of potential applications in areas such as non-volatile memory devices, electro-optic devices and pyroelectric detectors. For applications such as electro-optic devices the films must be single crystal and for applications such as nonvolatile memory devices and pyroelectric devices single crystal films will enhance the performance of the devices. The ferroelectric films studied are Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(PLZT), PbTiO3(PT), BiTiO3(BT) and Pb0.9La0.1(Zr0.2Ti0.8)0.975O3(PLZT).Electrical contact to ferroelectric films is commonly made with metals such as Pt. Metals generally have a large difference in work function compared to the work function of the ferroelectric oxides. This results in a Schottky barrier at the interface and the interfacial space charge is believed to responsible for domain pinning and degradation in the ferroelectric properties resulting in phenomenon such as fatigue.

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