scholarly journals Sugarcane Industry Waste Recovery: A Case Study Using Thermochemical Conversion Technologies to Increase Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro ◽  
Letícia C. R. Sá ◽  
Hugo F. C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
High Mass Loss ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

The sugarcane industry has assumed an increasingly important role at a global level, with countries such as Brazil and India dominating the field. However, this causes environmental problems, since the industry produces large amounts of waste, such as sugarcane bagasse. This by-product, which is energetically partially recovered in sugar mills and in the pulp and paper industry, can make a significant contribution to the general use of biomass energy, if the usual disadvantages associated with products with low density and a high moisture content are overcome. From this perspective, thermochemical conversion technologies, especially torrefaction, are assumed to be capable of improving the fuel properties of this material, making it more appealing for potential export and use in far-off destinations. In this work, sugarcane samples were acquired, and the process of obtaining bagasse was simulated. Subsequently, the bagasse was dried and heat-treated at 200 and 300 °C to simulate the over-drying and torrefaction process. Afterward, product characterization was performed, including thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, calorimetry, and energy densification. The results showed significant improvements in the energy content, from 18.17 to 33.36 MJ·kg−1 from dried bagasse to torrefied bagasse at 300 °C, showing that despite high mass loss, there is potential for a future value added chain for this waste form, since the increment in energy density could enhance its transportation and use in locations far off the production site.

scholarly journals Thermochemical Conversion of Olive Oil Industry Waste: Circular Economy through Energy Recovery

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro ◽  
Letícia C. R. Sá ◽  
Hugo F.C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Conversion Technologies

The demand for new sources of energy is one of the main quests for humans. At the same time, there is a growing need to eliminate or recover a set of industrial or agroforestry waste sources. In this context, several options may be of interest, especially given the amounts produced and environmental impacts caused. Olive pomace can be considered one of these options. Portugal, as one of the most prominent producers of olive oil, therefore, also faces the problem of dealing with the waste of the olive oil industry. Olive pomace energy recovery is a subject referenced in many different studies and reports since long ago. However, traditional forms of recovery, such as direct combustion, did not prove to be the best solution, mainly due to its fuel properties and other characteristics, which cause difficulties in its storage and transportation as well. Torrefaction and pyrolysis can contribute to a volume reduction, optimizing storage and transportation. In this preliminary study, were carried out torrefaction and pyrolysis tests on olive pomace samples, processed at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, followed by laboratory characterization of the materials. It was verified an improvement in the energy content of the materials, demonstrating that there is potential for the use of these thermochemical conversion technologies for the energy recovery of olive pomace.

Evaluation of the potential for energy recovery from olive oil industry waste: Thermochemical conversion technologies as fuel improvement methods

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 118536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonel J.R. Nunes ◽  
Liliana M.E.F. Loureiro ◽  
Letícia C.R. Sá ◽  
Hugo F.C. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Conversion Technologies

scholarly journals Major Challenges and Recent Advances in Characterizing Biomass Thermochemical Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhennan Han ◽  
Junrong Yue ◽  
Xi Zeng ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Thermochemical conversions are pathways for the utilization of biomass to produce a variety of value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle’s external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of thermal analysis techniques are proposed.

scholarly journals The globular cluster system of the Auriga simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 496 (1) ◽  
pp. 638-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo L R Halbesma ◽  
Robert J J Grand ◽  
Facundo A Gómez ◽  
Federico Marinacci ◽  
Rüdiger Pakmor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Solar Radius ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
High Mass Loss ◽  
Globular Cluster System ◽  
Varying Mass

ABSTRACT We investigate whether the galaxy and star formation model used for the Auriga simulations can produce a realistic globular cluster (GC) population. We compare statistics of GC candidate star particles in the Auriga haloes with catalogues of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) GC populations. We find that the Auriga simulations do produce sufficient stellar mass for GC candidates at radii and metallicities that are typical for the MW GC system (GCS). We also find varying mass ratios of the simulated GC candidates relative to the observed mass in the MW and M31 GCSs for different bins of galactocentric radius metallicity (rgal–[Fe/H]). Overall, the Auriga simulations produce GC candidates with higher metallicities than the MW and M31 GCS and they are found at larger radii than observed. The Auriga simulations would require bound cluster formation efficiencies higher than 10 per cent for the metal-poor GC candidates, and those within the Solar radius should experience negligible destruction rates to be consistent with observations. GC candidates in the outer halo, on the other hand, should either have low formation efficiencies, or experience high mass-loss for the Auriga simulations to produce a GCS that is consistent with that of the MW or M31. Finally, the scatter in the metallicity as well as in the radial distribution between different Auriga runs is considerably smaller than the differences between that of the MW and M31 GCSs. The Auriga model is unlikely to give rise to a GCS that can be consistent with both galaxies.

scholarly journals Valorization of food industry waste and by-products using 3D printing: A study on the development of value-added functional cookies

Future Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100036
Author(s):  
Bhagya Jagadiswaran ◽  
Vishvaa Alagarasan ◽  
Priyadharshini Palanivelu ◽  
Radhika Theagarajan ◽  
J.A. Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Food Industry Waste ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Najjar ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Nidal Zabermawi ◽  
Saber H. Saber ◽  
Leena H. Bajrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

scholarly journals Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-281
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Dezhong Xu ◽  
Lu Luo ◽  
Yalan Zhou ◽  
Wen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.

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