scholarly journals In Vivo Assessment of Water Content, Trans-Epidermial Water Loss and Thickness in Human Facial Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6139
Author(s):  
Elena Chirikhina ◽  
Andrey Chirikhin ◽  
Perry Xiao ◽  
Sabina Dewsbury-Ennis ◽  
Francesco Bianconi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Restorative Surgery

Mapping facial skin in terms of its biophysical properties plays a fundamental role in many practical applications, including, among others, forensics, medical and beauty treatments, and cosmetic and restorative surgery. In this paper we present an in vivo evaluation of the water content, trans-epidermial water loss and skin thickness in six areas of the human face: cheeks, chin, forehead, lips, neck and nose. The experiments were performed on a population of healthy subjects through innovative sensing devices which enable fast yet accurate evaluations of the above parameters. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences between the facial areas investigated and clusters of statistically-indistinguishable areas. We found that water content was higher in the cheeks and neck and lower in the lips, whereas trans-epidermal water loss had higher values for the lips and lower ones for the neck. In terms of thickness the dermis exhibited three clusters, which, from thickest to thinnest were: chin and nose, cheek and forehead and lips and neck. The epidermis showed the same three clusters too, but with a different ordering in term of thickness. Finally, the stratum corneum presented two clusters: the thickest, formed by lips and neck, and the thinnest, formed by all the remaining areas. The results of this investigation can provide valuable guidelines for the evaluation of skin moisturisers and other cosmetic products, and can help guide choices in re-constructive/cosmetic surgery.

Evaluation of facial skin age based on biophysical properties in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhui Cho ◽  
Eunyoung Lee ◽  
Gyeonghun Park ◽  
Eunbyul Cho ◽  
Nahee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Skin ◽  
Biophysical Properties

In Vivo Evaluation of Wrist Cartilage Integrity Using T2 Relaxation Time After Scapholunate Ligament Injury and Surgical Repair

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac D. Chappell ◽  
Phil Lee ◽  
Terence E. McIff ◽  
E. Bruce Toby ◽  
Kenneth J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
T2 Relaxation Time ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious and frequently occuring outcome of untreated scapholunate dissocation, the most common form of carpal instability in the wrist [1]. As cartilage degenerates, the water content of surrounding tissue becomes less bound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 relaxation time is longer when water content is less bound [2]. MRI offers the advantageous combination of detailed images of soft tissues such as cartilage with the ability to evaluate free water content. Contrasting the various T2 relaxation times found in the cartilage of healthy wrist surfaces with those of injured wrists is thereby proposed as a method of evaluating cartilage degeneration. We hypothesized that T2 values obtained would be longer for the cartilage of the injured wrists. Though surgical treatment may relieve pain and restore some function to the wrist, it is hypothesized that T2 relaxation time will remain increased after surgery as cartilage regeneration is a very slow process, if it happens at all. The goal of this research is to provide a method to evaluate the biochemical and infer the biomechanical integrity of cartilage for various cartilage surfaces in a wrist after injury.

scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of the Wound Healing Activity of Extracts and Bioactive Constituents of the Marine Isopod Ceratothoa oestroides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Sofrona ◽  
Leto-Aikaterini Tziveleka ◽  
Maria Harizani ◽  
Panagiota Koroli ◽  
Ioannis Sfiniadakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Wound healing is a fundamental response to tissue injury and a number of natural products has been found to accelerate the healing process. Herein, we report the preparation of a series of different polarity (organic and aqueous) extracts of the marine isopod Ceratothoa oestroides and the in vivo evaluation of their wound healing activity after topical administration of ointments incorporating the various extracts on wounds inflicted on SKH-hr1 hairless mice. The most active extract was fractionated for enrichment in the bioactive constituents and the fractions were further evaluated for their wound healing activity, while their chemical profiles were analyzed. Wound healing was evaluated by clinical assessment, photo-documentation, histopathological analysis and measurement of biophysical skin parameters, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, elasticity, and skin thickness. The highest levels of activity were exerted by treatment of the wounds with a fraction rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as well as myristic and palmitoleic acids. Topical application of the bioactive fraction on the wounds of mice resulted in complete wound closure with a skin of almost normal architecture without any inflammatory elements.

Evaporative water loss and the role of cocoon formation in Australian frogs

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
High Water ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

Measurements of evaporative water loss (EWL; mg min-1) and resistance (R; sec cm-1) for various Australian frogs indicate three general allometric patterns: non-cocooned and non-‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL ∝ Mass0.30 and R independent of body mass at about 1–3 sec cm-1, cocooned frogs with EWL reduced about 50–200-fold and R about 50–200 sec cm-1, and ‘waterproof’ frogs with EWL reduced about 5–100- fold and R about 5–100 sec cm-1. Cocooned frogs have an exponential reduction in EWL and fairly linear increase in R over time, corresponding to the temporal addition of layers to the cocoon. The biophysical properties of cocoon are generally similar for various species, although there is some variation in both resistance per thickness (5–20 × 104 s cm-2) and diffusion coefficient (0.4–2.4 × 10 –5 cm2 s-1). The hygroscopic property of frog cocoon resembles that of mammalian stratum corneum, hair and wool, and mucopolysaccharides; there is a slight increase in water content of cocoon over a wide range of humidities but a very steep increase in water content and substantial hydration and swelling at >96% RH. This extreme hygroscopic behaviour of frog cocoon at very high RH may reflect less polymer cross-linking in frog cocoon and its high digestibility. The prevention of over-hydration of frog cocoon in vivo may be attributed to the restriction of high water content to only very high RH (>96%).

Radiolabelling and in vivo evaluation of [11C]GSK215083 as potential PET radioligand for the 5-HT6 receptor in the porcine brain

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S598-S598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Martarello ◽  
Vincent J Cunningham ◽  
Julian C Matthews ◽  
Eugenii Rabiner ◽  
Steen Jakobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Porcine Brain

In vivo evaluation of [11C]CNS-5161 as a use-dependent ligand for the NMDA glutamate receptor channel

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S595-S595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wynne K Schiffer ◽  
Deborah Pareto-Onghena ◽  
HaiTao Wu ◽  
Kuo-Shyan Lin ◽  
Andrew R Gibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Nmda Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Receptor Channel
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