scholarly journals Recent Development of Morphology Controlled Conducting Polymer Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5889
Author(s):  
Sunghun Cho ◽  
Jun Seop Lee
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cycle Stability ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biological Analytes

Biosensors are of particular importance for the detection of biological analytes at low concentrations. Conducting polymer nanomaterials, which often serve as sensing transducers, are renowned for their small dimensions, high surface-to-volume ratio, and amplified sensitivity. Despite these traits, the widespread implementation of conventional conducting polymer nanomaterials is hampered by their scarcity and lack of structural uniformity. Herein, a brief overview of the latest developments in the synthesis of morphologically tunable conducting polymer-based biosensors is discussed. Research related to the dimensional (0, 1, 2, and 3D) hetero-nanostructures of conducting polymers are highlighted in this paper, and how these structures affect traits such as the speed of charge transfer processes, low-working temperature, high sensitivity and cycle stability are discussed.

Conducting polymer based electrochemical biosensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 8264-8277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Aydemir ◽  
Jenny Malmström ◽  
Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Biological Analytes

Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, and provide a direct electrical readout of the presence of biological analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Biosensor

2014 ◽  
Vol 995 ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Aziz ◽  
Munetaka Oyama
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Surface Immobilization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Detection Of Biomolecules ◽  
Affinity Biosensors

Nanomaterial based electrochemical method gain tremendous interest for the detection of biomolecules due to high sensitivity, selectivity, and low fabrication cost. High surface to volume ratio, excellent electrocatalytic properties of the nanomaterials plays important role for the sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules. For electrochemical biosensors, proper control of chemical, electrochemical and physical properties, as well as their functionalization and surface immobilization significantly influences the overall performance. This chapter gives an overview of the importance of the development of nanomaterials based electrochemical biosensors; particularly direct electrooxidation-or electroreduction-based biosensors, catalysis-based biosensors, and label-based affinity biosensors. In addition, fabrication methods including modification of electrode surface with nanomaterials, tailoring their physico-chemical properties, and functionalization with chemicals or biomolecules are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Silicon Microcantilevers with ZnO Nanorods/Chitosan-SAMs Hybrids on Its Back Surface for Humidity Sensing

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiushuai Xu ◽  
Maik Bertke ◽  
Xuejing Li ◽  
Andi Setiono ◽  
Michael Fahrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Assembled Monolayers

This paper reports a piezoresistive silicon microcantilever-based gravimetric humidity sensor, where a ZnO nanofilm (200 nm) and ZnO nanorods (NRs) with different lengths (1.5 µm and 6 µm) modified with chitosan self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are coated on the microcantilevers’ back surface as the sensing material. Thanks to the new sensor design, the resonant frequency (RF) shifts induced by the mass adsorption on the high surface-area-to-volume ratio, hybrid-sensing nanostructure can be tracked directly by monitoring the output of the p-diffused full Wheatstone bridge. By depositing ZnO NRs and Chitosan SAMs, direct-reading microcantilevers with high repeatability, reliability and high sensitivity (15 Hz/%RH) can be achieved.

High Sensitivity Sensor Based on Porous Silicon Waveguide

2006 ◽  
Vol 934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoguang Rong ◽  
Jarkko J. Saarinen ◽  
John E. Sipe ◽  
Sharon M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Waveguide Mode ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Silicon Waveguide ◽  
Spr Sensor ◽  
Waveguide Coupling

ABSTRACTPorous silicon (PSi) waveguides are fabricated as a new platform for high sensitivity biosensors. Biomolecules infiltrated into the PSi waveguide increase the effective refractive index of the waveguide and change the angle at which incident light couples into a waveguide mode. Due to the high surface area to volume ratio of PSi and the confinement of optical energy in the region where the biomolecules reside, the waveguide resonance is very sensitive to small concentrations of infiltrated molecular species. A resonance width below 0.1° has been obtained, which is sufficient to detect one monolayer of DNA covering the pore walls. In this work, a prism is used for the waveguide coupling in an arrangement that is similar to traditional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing. Theoretical analysis suggests that an optimized PSi waveguide resonant sensor will show a 60-fold improvement in sensitivity when compared to a conventional SPR sensor due to the enhanced interaction between the electromagnetic field and biological material.

Pd-Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Hydrogen Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3707-3710
Author(s):  
Jae Keon Kim ◽  
Maeum Han ◽  
Yeongsam Kim ◽  
Hee Kyung An ◽  
Suwoong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube

As hydrogen (H2) gas is highly reactive and explosive in ambient atmosphere, its prompt detection in industrial areas is imperative to prevent serious accidents. In particular, high-performance H2 sensors that can promptly detect even low-concentrations of H2 gas are necessary for safety. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a large surface area and a high surface-to-volume ratio, and therefore, they are suitable for use as sensing materials in gas sensors. Moreover, gold, platinum, and palladium are known to be excellent catalyst metals that increase reactivity with H2 gas through the catalytic effect referred to as spill-over mechanism. In this study, a CNT felt sensor with a palladium (Pd) layer was fabricated, and its reactivity with H2 was evaluated. The sensitivity of a CNT felt sensor to H2 gas at room temperature was found to improve when coated with Pd layer.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in Wastewater Management: A New Paradigm Towards Wastewater Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Keerti Jain ◽  
Anand S. Patel ◽  
Vishwas P. Pardhi ◽  
Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Human Need ◽  
By Products

Clean and safe water is a fundamental human need for multi-faceted development of society and a thriving economy. Brisk rises in populations, expanding industrialization, urbanization and extensive agriculture practices have resulted in the generation of wastewater which have not only made the water dirty or polluted, but also deadly. Millions of people die every year due to diseases communicated through consumption of water contaminated by deleterious pathogens. Although various methods for wastewater treatment have been explored in the last few decades but their use is restrained by many limitations including use of chemicals, formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), time consumption and expensiveness. Nanotechnology, manipulation of matter at a molecular or an atomic level to craft new structures, devices and systems having superior electronic, optical, magnetic, conductive and mechanical properties, is emerging as a promising technology, which has demonstrated remarkable feats in various fields including wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials encompass a high surface to volume ratio, a high sensitivity and reactivity, a high adsorption capacity, and ease of functionalization which makes them suitable for application in wastewater treatment. In this article we have reviewed the techniques being developed for wastewater treatment using nanotechnology based on adsorption and biosorption, nanofiltration, photocatalysis, disinfection and sensing technology. Furthermore, this review also highlights the fate of the nanomaterials in wastewater treatment as well as risks associated with their use.

Schottky diodes based on 2D materials for environmental gas monitoring: a review on emerging trends, recent developments and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Mathew ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Gas Sensing Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

This review details the fundamentals, working principles and recent developments of Schottky junctions based on 2D materials to emphasize their improved gas sensing properties including low working temperature, high sensitivity, and selectivity.

scholarly journals All-Dielectric Metasurface for Sensing Microcystin-LR

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363
Author(s):  
Binze Ma ◽  
Ao Ouyang ◽  
Juechen Zhong ◽  
Pavel A. Belov ◽  
Ravindra Kumar Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Bound States ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Toxic Pollutant ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Dielectric Metasurface

Sensing Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an important issue for environmental monitoring, as the MC-LR is a common toxic pollutant found in freshwater bodies. The demand for sensitive detection method of MC-LR at low concentrations can be addressed by metasurface-based sensors, which are feasible and highly efficient. Here, we demonstrate an all-dielectric metasurface for sensing MC-LR. Its working principle is based on quasi-bound states in the continuum mode (QBIC), and it manifests a high-quality factor and high sensitivity. The dielectric metasurface can detect a small change in the refractive index of the surrounding environment with a quality factor of ~170 and a sensitivity of ~788 nm/RIU. MC-LR can be specifically identified in mixed water with a concentration limit of as low as 0.002 μg/L by a specific recognition technique for combined antigen and antibody. Furthermore, the demonstrated detection of MC-LR can be extended to the identification and monitoring of other analytes, such as viruses, and the designed dielectric metasurface can serve as a monitor platform with high sensitivity and high specific recognition capability.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers for Sensing and Biosensing Applications—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6357
Author(s):  
Kinga Halicka ◽  
Joanna Cabaj
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Electrospun Nanofiber ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Different Types

Sensors and biosensors have found applications in many areas, e.g., in medicine and clinical diagnostics, or in environmental monitoring. To expand this field, nanotechnology has been employed in the construction of sensing platforms. Because of their properties, such as high surface area to volume ratio, nanofibers (NFs) have been studied and used to develop sensors with higher loading capacity, better sensitivity, and faster response time. They also allow to miniaturize designed platforms. One of the most commonly used techniques of the fabrication of NFs is electrospinning. Electrospun NFs can be used in different types of sensors and biosensors. This review presents recent studies concerning electrospun nanofiber-based electrochemical and optical sensing platforms for the detection of various medically and environmentally relevant compounds, including glucose, drugs, microorganisms, and toxic metal ions.

scholarly journals Study of the geometry of open channels in a layer-bed-type microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Nagy ◽  
Robert Huszank ◽  
Attila Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Enzyme Reactor ◽  
Channel Pattern ◽  
Immobilized Enzyme Reactor ◽  
Split Flow ◽  
Parallel Streams ◽  
Enzymatic Microreactors

AbstractThis paper aims at studying open channel geometries in a layer-bed-type immobilized enzyme reactor with computer-aided simulations. The main properties of these reactors are their simple channel pattern, simple immobilization procedure, regenerability, and disposability; all these features make these devices one of the simplest yet efficient enzymatic microreactors. The high surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor was achieved using narrow (25–75 μm wide) channels. The simulation demonstrated that curves support the mixing of solutions in the channel even in strong laminar flow conditions; thus, it is worth including several curves in the channel system. In the three different designs of microreactor proposed, the lengths of the channels were identical, but in two reactors, the liquid flow was split to 8 or 32 parallel streams at the inlet of the reactor. Despite their overall higher volumetric flow rate, the split-flow structures are advantageous due to the increased contact time. Saliva samples were used to test the efficiencies of the digestions in the microreactors. Graphical abstract

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