scholarly journals A Review of Emerging Technologies for an Assessment of Safety and Seismic Vulnerability and Damage Detection of Existing Masonry Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislav Stepinac ◽  
Mateo Gašparović
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Engineering ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Condition Assessments

The construction sector has proven to be one of the slowest sectors to embrace technology—a problem that must be addressed. This problem can be quickly and efficiently addressed in certain aspects of seismic engineering: from seismic risk assessment to damage detection, as well as condition assessments existing structures before or after an earthquake. In this paper, the literature review of assessment methods and damage detection technologies for existing (mainly) masonry structures is presented. Traditional methods are briefly explained, and modern are critically discussed. Special focus is given to unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as, photogrammetry and close-range remote sensing as a technology that can complement traditional ways of assessment and give us data about a structure that is often different to obtain. Graphical interpretation of one post-earthquake case study is provided. Open challenges and opportunities of emerging technologies for faster and easier assessment of seismic safety and vulnerability are presented.

The Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Law of Armed Conflict

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Emerging technologies have always played an important role in armed conflict. From the crossbow to cyber capabilities, technology that could be weaponized to create an advantage over an adversary has inevitably found its way into military arsenals for use in armed conflict. The weaponization of emerging technologies, however, raises challenging legal issues with respect to the law of armed conflict. As States continue to develop and exploit new technologies, how will the law of armed conflict address the use of these technologies on the battlefield? Is existing law sufficient to regulate new technologies, such as cyber capabilities, autonomous weapons systems, and artificial intelligence? Have emerging technologies fundamentally altered the way we should understand concepts such as law-of-war precautions and the principle of distinction? How can we ensure compliance and accountability in light of technological advancement? This book explores these critical questions while highlighting the legal challenges—and opportunities—presented by the use of emerging technologies on the battlefield.

scholarly journals Special Focus: The Use of Emerging Technologies on the Internet of Everything

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Alberto Cardoso ◽  
Maria Teresa Restivo ◽  
Hélia Guerra ◽  
Luís Brito Palma
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Internet Of Everything ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Interdisciplinary Concept

The Internet of Everything is an interdisciplinary concept that involves technology, applications and people in a framework where emerging technologies can give a relevant contribute in education and in different application areas, namely in the scope of the interactive mobile technologies. This Special Issue collects a set of contributions to this topic resulting from the works presented in the Experiment@ International Workshop 2016 “The Emerging Technologies on the Internet of Everything” – ETIoE’16, held at University of the Azores (Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal). These articles comprise different perspectives in this field from research work and application development to case studies.

scholarly journals New risks related to emerging technologies and reputation for corporate governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Hugh Grove ◽  
Mac Clouse ◽  
Tracy Xu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Management Issues

Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from theory into the global marketplace. The United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization released the first report of its Technology Trends series on January 31, 2019. It considered more than 340,000 AI-related patent applications over the last 70 years. 50 percent of all AI patents have been published in just the last five years. The challenges, potential risks, and opportunities for business and corporate governance from emerging technologies, especially artificial intelligence, have been summarized as whereby machines and software can analyze, optimize, prophesize, customize, digitize and automate just about any job in every industry. Boards of directors and executives need to recognize and understand the new risks associated with these emerging technologies and related reputational risks. The major research question of this paper is how boards of directors and executives can deal with both risk challenges and opportunities to strengthen corporate governance. Accordingly, the following sections of this paper discuss key risk management issues: deep shift risks, global risks, digital risks and opportunities, AI initiatives risks, business risks from millennials, business reputational risks, and conclusions.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
pp. 734-764
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Building from Ottoman Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
pp. 1142-1173
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hrasnica ◽  
Amir Čaušević ◽  
Nerman Rustempašić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Structural Engineers ◽  
Scale Design

Traditional art of building in Bosnia and Herzegovina comprises brick or stone masonry structures. Most historical buildings belonging to national cultural heritage were made of stone-masonry. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe. In the case of strong earthquake motion such buildings could suffer heavy damages. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, cracked already by moderate earthquake but without the loss of stability. Substantial damages were caused by recent war disaster. Damages could be accumulated through the history as well. Generally, stone-masonry buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified in vulnerability classes between A and C according to European Macroseismic Scale. Design and construction procedures for rehabilitation are presented here with examples of repair and strengthening of mosques, which present historical stone masonry structures dating from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Traditional and contemporary materials were used for their rehabilitation. It is important to preserve original forms, especially those of damaged elements. The challenge for structural engineers and architects was to find equilibrium between aesthetical and structural demands.

Economics of seismic safety for earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyoosh Rautela ◽  
Girish Chandra Joshi ◽  
Shailesh Ghildiyal
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Seismic Resilience

Purpose The purpose of this study is to estimate the cost of seismic resilience of identified vulnerable lifeline public buildings in earthquake-prone Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India. Design/methodology/approach Built area of the identified vulnerable lifeline buildings together with prevalent rate of construction has been considered for assessing the cost of seismic resilience while improvised rapid visual screening (RVS) technique, better suited to the built environment in the region, has been used for assessing seismic vulnerability. Findings Investment of US$250.08m is assessed as being required for ensuring seismic safety of 56.3, 62.1, 52.9, 64.6, 71.9 and 61.7% surveyed buildings, respectively, of fire and emergency services, police, health, education, local administration and other departments that are to become non-functional after an earthquake and result in a major socio-political turmoil. A total amount of US$467.71m is estimated as being required for making all the buildings of these departments seismically resilient. Research limitations/implications Actual investment estimates and reconstruction/retrofitting plans have to be prepared after detailed investigations as RVS technique only provides a preliminary estimate and helps in prioritising buildings for detailed investigations. Practical implications This study is intended to provide a snapshot of the state of seismic vulnerability together with the financial resources required for corrective measures. This is to help the authorities in planning phased mobilisation of financial and technical resources for making the built environment seismically resilient. Social implications This study is to bring forth awareness on this important issue and consequent public opinion in favour of safety of public facilities to ensure allocation of appropriate financial resources together with changes in techno-legal regime for the cause of earthquake safety. At the same time, this study is to motivate masses to voluntarily assess safety of their neighbourhood and undertake corrective measures. Originality/value This study is based on primary data collected by the authors.

scholarly journals Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis G. Asteris ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Athanasia D. Skentou ◽  
Maria Apostolopoulou ◽  
Amin Mohebkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Masonry Material ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

A methodology aiming to predict the vulnerability of masonry structures under seismic action is presented herein. Masonry structures, among which many are cultural heritage assets, present high vulnerability under earthquake. Reliable simulations of their response to seismic stresses are exceedingly difficult because of the complexity of the structural system and the anisotropic and brittle behavior of the masonry materials. Furthermore, the majority of the parameters involved in the problem such as the masonry material mechanical characteristics and earthquake loading characteristics have a stochastic-probabilistic nature. Within this framework, a detailed analytical methodological approach for assessing the seismic vulnerability of masonry historical and monumental structures is presented, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the input parameters by means of analytically determining fragility curves. The emerged methodology is presented in detail through application on theoretical and built cultural heritage real masonry structures.

scholarly journals The use of approximate methods of seismic assessment of structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Maria Basdeki ◽  
Argyro Drakakaki ◽  
Charis Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Corrosion Factor ◽  
Masonry Tower

Greece is an earthquake prone area, which is also exposed to coastal environment. Most existing buildings present common characteristics, concerning quality of the materials and environmental conditions [1].The vulnerability of these structures is exteriorized under powerful seismic loads. This is because they were designed, according to older regulations, primarily to bear vertical loads and secondarily to bear horizontal loads, an indicative sign of the absence of anti-seismic design. Designing and evaluation of the seismic performance of existing structures is a really complex issue, because structural degradation phenomenon is related to both corrosion damage of steel reinforcement on RC structures and high vulnerability of masonry. Precisely, the inadequate seismic performance of masonry structures, which is recorded under intense earthquakes, is attributed to the characteristics of masonry and to the ageing phenomena of the materials. For the seismic inspection of masonry structures, both EC2 and OASP can be used [3], although there is often a great misunderstanding concerning the range of the maximum permissible interventions, the financial inability and modern perceptions of redesigning [2]. On the other hand, in the case of RC structures, there is no prediction –concerning the corrosion factor- included in the international regulations and standards. In the current study is presented an experimental procedure, concerning a RC column before and after corrosion. An estimation concerning the drop of its mechanical performance has taken place, indicating the importance of the corrosion factor. Additionally, an existing monumental masonry tower building, was subjected to seismic evaluation [4]. Both OASP and EC2 inspection methods were used. The results pointed out that, for medium–intensity earthquakes, both analytical and approximate methods are respectable and reliable.

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