scholarly journals Study on Volatile Organic Compounds from Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends at Low Idle Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4969
Author(s):  
Ho Young Kim ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Idle Speed ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

This paper presents the combustion and emissions characteristics including volatile organic compound (VOC) of a common rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel blends contained 0%, 10%, 30%, and 100% (by volume) biodiesel at low idle speed, i.e., 750 rpm. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of biodiesel blends were lower than that of pure diesel and NOx tended to decrease as the blending ratio increased. Soot opacity and hydrocarbon (HC) were reduced with an increasing blend ratio. Carbon monoxide (CO) varied with the engine load conditions. Under low load, CO emissions tended to decrease with increasing blending ratio and increased under high load. Alkane and aromatic VOCs were mostly emitted. Benzene and tetrahydrofuran accounted for the largest percentage of total detected VOCs in all test conditions. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX, toxic aromatic VOCs) were detected for all tests. Among BTEX, benzene has the highest emission ratio, followed by xylene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. Benzene increased for all tests. At low engine load, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene decreased with increasing blend ratio. However, these increased at high engine load. When pure palm oil biodiesel was applied at high engine load, benzene decreased.

scholarly journals Application of Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends under Idle Operating Conditions in a Common-Rail Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Kim ◽  
Jun Ge ◽  
Nag Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Co Emission ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

This study describes the effects of palm oil biodiesel blended with diesel on the combustion performance, emission characteristics, and soot morphology in a 4-cylinder common-rail direct-injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The operational condition is idle speed, 750 rpm (the lowest speed of the test engine without any operation by driver), and the load conditions of the engine are 0 Nm and 40 Nm. Five kinds of biodiesel fuels are blended with diesel in 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% proportions by volume. A pilot injection was applied at BTDC 15 °CA and 20 °CA. Part of the pilot injection affects the combustion of the main injection due to the deterioration of the spray because of the high viscosity of palm oil biodiesel. Palm oil biodiesel is sufficient to keep the engine stable in an idling state, but the fuel economy deteriorated. The deterioration of the spray due to the high viscosity of palm oil biodiesel is offset by the effect of oxygen content and high cetane number, resulting in a constant nitric oxide (NOx) emission. However, particulate matter (PM) is reduced. When the engine load is increased, the carbon monoxide (CO) emission amount increased because of the insufficient intake air and oxygen content to reduce the fuel-rich areas. However, when the palm oil biodiesel blend ratio was above a certain level, the influence of oxygen content in the palm oil biodiesel increased, resulting in reduced CO emission levels. Hydrocarbon (HC) was reduced by oxygen atoms in palm oil biodiesel. The sizes of particulates emitted from diesel engine using palm oil biodiesel decreased with an increased blend ratio because of oxidization of hydrocarbons absorbed on PM.

scholarly journals Soot Particle Size Distribution, Regulated and Unregulated Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5736
Author(s):  
Jun Cong Ge ◽  
Nag Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Unregulated Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

In this study, five fuels including pure diesel (B0), pure palm oil biodiesel (B100), and their blends (B10, B20, and B30) were investigated in relation to soot particle distribution and regulated and unregulated emission characteristics in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The results indicated that CO, hydrocarbon (HC), and particulate matter (PM) regulated emissions were effectively controlled to a very low level by combining the addition of palm oil biodiesel (POB) to diesel with optimized engine operating conditions. Paper filters and TEM grids were used to capture the diesel particles. All the PM primary particles were less than 100 nm in diameter observed by TEM, and the average diameters of the PM primary particles for the biodiesel blends were distributed between 20 and 26 nm. Unregulated emissions such as trace metals including Pb, Mn, and Ba were found in the PM particles, and the xylene, toluene, and benzene unregulated emissions of B100 were reduced by 55.68%, 21.56%, and 18.32%, respectively, compared to those of B0. Therefore, POB is an excellent alternative fuel for diesel engines and has great application potential to solve the current pollution problems of regulated and unregulated emissions.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A DIRECT INJECTION OFF-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Mickevičius ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Slawomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Kamil Duda
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emission

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance and emission characteristics, when operating on diesel fuel and various diesel-biodiesel (B10, B20, B40, B60) blends, at various loads and engine speeds. The experimental tests were performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, naturally aspirated, 60 kW diesel engine D-243. The in-cylinder pressure data was analysed to determine the ignition delay, the Heat Release Rate (HRR), maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum pressure gradients. The influence of diesel-biodiesel blends on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and exhaust emissions was also investigated. The bench test results showed that when the engine running on blends B60 at full engine load and rated speed, the autoignition delay was 13.5% longer, in comparison with mineral diesel. Maximum cylinder pressure decreased about 1–2% when the amount of Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) expanded in the diesel fuel when operating at full load and 1400 min–1 speed. At rated mode, the minimum bsfc increased, when operating on biofuel blends compared to mineral diesel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency sustained at the levels from 0.3% to 6.5% lower in comparison with mineral diesel operating at full (100%) load. When the engine was running at maximum torque mode using diesel – RME fuel blends B10, B20, B40 and B60 the total emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased. At full and moderate load, the emission of carbon monoxide significantly raised as the amount of RME in fuel increased.

Lubricating Properties of Diesel Fuel and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil with Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends Using HFRR Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Allif Fathurrahman ◽  
Ahmad Syihan Auzani ◽  
Rizal Zaelani ◽  
Riesta Anggarani ◽  
Lies Aisyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel ◽  
Lubricating Properties

scholarly journals Modification of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine in Improving the Ignitability and Emissions of Diesel–Ethanol–Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Strategies

Blending diesel with biofuels, such as ethanol and palm oil methyl ester (PME), enhances the fuel properties and produces improved engine performance and low emissions. However, the presence of ethanol, which has a small cetane number and low heating value, reduces the fuel ignitability. This work aimed to study the effect of injection strategies, compression ratio (CR), and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blend ignitability, combustion characteristics, and emissions. Moreover, the best composition of diesel–ethanol–PME blends and engine modification was selected. A simulation was also conducted using Converge CFD software based on a single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel–ethanol–PME blends that consist of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (D50E10B40), D50E25B25, and D50E40B10 were selected and conducted on different injection strategies, compression ratios, and intake temperatures. The results show that shortening the injection duration and increasing the injected mass has no significant effect on ignition. Meanwhile, advancing the injection timing improves the ignitability but with weak ignition energy. Therefore, increasing the compression ratio and ambient temperature helps ignite the non-combustible blends due to the high temperature and pressure. This modification allowed the mixture to ignite with a minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. Thus, blending high ethanol contents in a diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the CR, and increasing the ambient temperature. From the emission comparison, the most suitable mixtures that can be operated in the engine without modification is D50E25B25, and the most appropriate modification on the engine is by increasing the ambient temperature at 350 K.

Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester)-fuelled direct-injection transportation diesel engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sinha ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Crank Angle

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil derivatives called ‘biodiesel’ appear to be the most convenient way of utilizing bio-origin vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines. The methyl esters of vegetable oils do not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Previous research has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke but slightly increased NO x emissions. In the present experimental research work, methyl ester of rice-bran oil is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester), and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100 per cent) load at two different engine speeds (1400 and 1800 r/min). A careful analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as the cylinder peak combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, crank angle at which peak pressure occurs, rate of pressure rise, and mass burning rates was carried out. All test fuels exhibited similar combustion stages as diesel; however, biodiesel blends showed an earlier start of combustion and lower heat release during premixed combustion phase at all engine load-speed combinations. The maximum cylinder pressure reduces as the fraction of biodiesel increases in the blend and, at higher engine loads, the crank angle position of the peak cylinder pressure for biodiesel blends shifted away from the top dead centre in comparison with baseline diesel data. The maximum rate of pressure rise was found to be higher for diesel at higher engine loads; however, combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document