scholarly journals Fronthaul Design for Wireless Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Sousa ◽  
Nuno Sousa ◽  
Maria Paula Queluz ◽  
António Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
The Impact

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architectures have arisen as an alternative to traditional wireless network architectures, notably by taking advantage of the functional split between the multiple distributed Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and the centralized Baseband Units (BBUs), through the creation of a new connectivity segment—the fronthaul. In order to maximize the investment return, it is important to find out, for this C-RAN segment, which technologies provide cost-effective solutions. This paper addresses this issue by evaluating and comparing the performance of Microwave Radio Transmission (MRT), Free Space Optics (FSO), and Fiber Optics (FO) technologies when applied to the fronthaul. First, a methodology is provided to determine the most cost-effective solution for each RRH–BBU link, as well as to compute the required number of BBUs and where they should be positioned in order to minimize the overall network costs. Next, a cost-effectiveness comparison of the aforementioned communication technologies is presented for individual fronthaul segments under different weather conditions, link lengths, and bit rate requirements. Moreover, an assessment is performed regarding the impact of the RRH density on the selection of cost-effective communication technologies for C-RANs. The obtained results allow concluding that fronthaul expenses are significantly affected by the performance of FSO systems, which in turn is affected by weather conditions; this highlights the relevance of having accurate climate statistics and forecasts in order to get the most out of the FSO technology and, consequently, lowering the overall network costs.

scholarly journals Cloud radio access network fronthaul solution using optimized dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Ebude Carine Awasume ◽  
Stephen Musyoki ◽  
Vitalice Kalecha Oduol
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Dynamic Bandwidth ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm

In order to address the challenges that have come with the exploding demand for higher speed, traffic growth and mobile wireless devices, Mobile network operators have decided to move to the notion of small cells based on cloud radio access network. The merits of cloud based RAN includes the ease of infrastructure deployment and network management as well as the fact that its performance are optimized and it is cost effective the merits of cloud based RAN includes the ease of infrastructure deployment and network management as well as the fact that its performance are optimized and it is cost effective. Notwithstanding, cloud radio access network comes with so many strict requirements to be fulfilled for its fronthaul network. In this paper, we have presented these requirements for a 5G fronthaul network. Particular interest on the time division multiplex passive optical network’s challenge of latency was treated by proposing an optimized version of the round robin dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. Results obtained show an improvement in the latency of the original algorithm which meets the fronthaul requirement. Other test parameters like jitter and BER were also improved by our proposed optimized algorithm.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Joint Design of Fronthaul and Edge Links for Cache-Aided C-RAN Systems with Wireless Fronthaul

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Junbeom Kim ◽  
Daesung Yu ◽  
Seung-Eun Hong ◽  
Seok-Hwan Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Joint Design ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Hard Information ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Edge Caching

This work addresses the joint design of fronthaul and edge links for a cache-aided cloud radio access network (C-RAN) system with a wireless fronthaul link. Motivated by the fact that existing techniques, such as C-RAN and edge caching, come at the cost of increased energy consumption, an energy efficiency (EE) metric is defined and adopted as the performance metric for optimization. As the fronthaul links can be used to transfer quantized and precoded baseband signals or hard information of uncached files, both soft- and hard-transfer fronthauling strategies are considered. Extensive numerical results validate the impact of edge caching, as well as the advantages of the energy-efficient design over the spectrally-efficient scheme. Additionally, the two fronthauling strategies—the soft- and hard-transfer schemes—are compared in terms of EE.

scholarly journals An FPGA-Oriented Baseband Modulator Architecture for 4G/5G Communication Scenarios

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Lopes Ferreira ◽  
João Canas Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration ◽  
Hardware Virtualization ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Dynamic Frequency Scaling ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Dynamic Frequency

The next evolution in cellular communications will not only improve upon the performance of previous generations, but also represent an unparalleled expansion in the number of services and use cases. One of the foundations for this evolution is the design of highly flexible, versatile, and resource-/power-efficient hardware components. This paper proposes and evaluates an FPGA-oriented baseband processing architecture suitable for communication scenarios such as non-contiguous carrier aggregation, centralized Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) processing, and 4G/5G waveform coexistence. Our system is upgradeable, resource-efficient, cost-effective, and provides support for three 5G waveform candidates. Exploring Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR), the proposed architecture expands the design space exploration beyond the available hardware resources on the Zynq xc7z020 through hardware virtualization. Additionally, Dynamic Frequency Scaling (DFS) allows for run-time adjustment of processing throughput and reduces power consumption up to 88%. The resource overhead for DPR and DFS is residual, and the reconfiguration latency is two orders of magnitude below the control plane latency requirements proposed for 5G communications.

Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bentahar Attaouia ◽  
Kandouci Malika ◽  
Ghouali Samir
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis work is focused to carry out the investigation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) approach on free space optical (FSO) transmission systems using Erbium Ytterbium Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) integrated as post-or pre-amplifier for extending the reach to 30 Km for the cost-effective implementation of FSO system considering weather conditions. Furthermore, the performance of proposed FSO-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is also evaluated on the effect of varying the FSO range and results are reported in terms of Q factor, BER, and eye diagrams. It has been found that, under clear rain the post-amplification was performed and was able to reach transmission distance over 27 Km, whereas, the FSO distance has been limited at 19.5 Km by using pre-amplification.

Modelling of 10 Gbps Free Space Optics Communication Link Using Array of Receivers in Moderate and Harsh Weather Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Nagpal Shaina
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Space Optics ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntersymbol interference and attenuation of signal are two major parameters affecting the quality of transmission in Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication link. In this paper, the impact of these parameters on FSO communication link is analysed for delivering high-quality data transmission. The performance of the link is investigated under the influence of amplifier in the link. The performance parameters of the link like minimum bit error rate, received signal power and Quality factor are examined by employing erbium-doped fibre amplifier in the link. The effects of amplifier are visualized with the amount of received power. Further, the link is simulated for moderate weather conditions at various attenuation levels on transmitted signal. Finally, the designed link is analysed in adverse weather conditions by using high-power laser source for optimum performance.

scholarly journals Energy-Effective Power Control Algorithm with Mobility Prediction for 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyebin Park ◽  
Yujin Lim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Switching Operation ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Power Control Algorithm ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud

In 5G networks, heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) is considered a promising future architecture to minimize energy consumption and efficiently allocate resources. However, with the increase in the number of users, studies are performed to overcome the energy consumption problems. In this study, we propose a power control algorithm with mobility prediction to provide a high-energy efficiency for 5G H-CRAN. In particular, the proposed algorithm predicts UE mobility in vehicular mobility scenarios and performs remote radio head (RRH) switching operations based on % prediction results. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency while satisfying the outage probability requirement. We then propose an RRH switching operation based on Markov mobility prediction and optimize the transmission power based on a gradient method. Simulation results demonstrate the improved energy efficiency compared with those of existing RRH switching-operation algorithms.

Robust Multigroup Multicast Beamforming Design for Backhaul-Limited Cloud Radio Access Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyun Chen ◽  
Shiwen He ◽  
Yongming Huang ◽  
Ju Ren ◽  
Luxi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Cloud Radio Access Network ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Multicast Beamforming
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