scholarly journals Handover Management for D2D Communication in 5G Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4409
Author(s):  
Wei Kuang Lai ◽  
Chin-Shiuh Shieh ◽  
Fu-Sheng Chou ◽  
Chia-Yu Hsu ◽  
Meng-Han Shen
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Handover Management ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Handover Procedure ◽  
Device To Device

This study addresses the handover management issue for Device-to-Device communication in fifth-generation (5G) networks. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) drafted a standard for proximity services (ProSe), also named device-to-device (D2D) communication, which is a promising technology in offering higher throughput and lower latency services to end users. Handover is an essential issue in wireless mobile networks due to the mobility of user equipment (UE). Specifically, we need to transfer an ongoing connection from an old E-UTRAN Node B (eNB) to a new one, so that the UE can retain its connectivity. In the data plane, both parties of a D2D pair can communicate directly with each other without the involvement of the base station. However, in the control plane, devices must be connected to the eNB for tasks such as power control and resource allocation. In the current standard of handover scheme, the number of unnecessary handovers would be increased by the effect of shadowing fading on two devices. More important, the handover mechanism for D2D pairs is not standardized yet. LTE-A only considers the handover procedure of a single user. Therefore, when a D2D pair moves across cell boundaries, the control channels of the two UEs may connect to different base stations and result in increased latency due to the exchange of D2D related control messages. Hence, we propose a handover management scheme for D2D communication to let both parties of a D2D pair handover to the same destination eNB at the same time. By doing so, the number of unnecessary handovers, as well as the handover latency, can be reduced. In the proposed method, we predict the destination eNB of D2D users based on their movements and the received signal characteristics. Subsequently, we make a handover decision for each D2D pair by jointly factoring in the signal quality and connection stability. Expected improvement can be attained, as revealed in the simulation. Unnecessary handover can be avoided. Consequently, both UEs of a D2D pair reside in the same cell and, therefore, result in increased throughput and decreased delay.

scholarly journals Mode Selection Mechanism to Enable Effective Device-to-Device Communication System over Different Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras Zenalden ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Adib Habbal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Base Station ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting

<span lang="EN-GB">Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is an important component of the 5G mobile networks. D2D communication enables users to communicate either directly without network assistance or with minimum signalling information through a base station (BS). Hence, D2D communication can enhance system capacity, increase spectral efficiency, improve throughput and reduce latency. One of the main challenges in D2D communications that when a potential D2D pair can switch between direct and conventional cellular communications, there lies a challenge in identifying D2D mode selection between communicating devices (i.e. a D2D pair). This paper aims to evaluate the mode selection mechanism in different environments (indoor, outdoor). The mode selection mechanism is proposed using multi-criteria for decision-making technique, the mode selection mechanism based on Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithm is used to wisely connect and switch between the available modes. The evaluation of the proposed mechanism for indoor environment and outdoor environment shows better performance based on user preferences.</span>

Enabling Cellular Device to Device Data Exchange on WISDOM 5G by Actuating Cooperative Communication Based on SMNAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-59
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Sanyal ◽  
Ramjee Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Fractional Frequency Reuse ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Device To Device

The key attributes envisioned for LTE-Advanced pertaining to 5G Networks are ubiquitous presence, device convergence, massive machine connectivity, ultrahigh throughput and moderated carbon footprint of the network and the user equipment actuated by offloading cellular data traffic and by enabling device to device communication. The present method of mobility management and addressing as the authors have foreseen in LTE Advanced can solve some issues of cellular traffic backhaul towards the access and core network by actuating a local breakout and enabling communication directly between devices. But most of the approaches look forward towards an enhancement in the radio resource allocation process and prone to interference. Besides, most of these proposals delve in Device to Device (D2D) mode initiation from the device end, but no research has so far addressed the concept of a network initiated D2D process, which can optimise the channel utilisation and network operations further. In their attempt to knot these loose ends together, the auhtors furnish the concept of WISDOM (Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications) (Badoi Cornelia-I., Prasad N., Croitoru V., Prasad R., 2011) (Prasad R., June 2013) (Prasad R.,December 2013) and SMNAT (Sanyal, R., Cianca, E. and Prasad,R.,2012a) () () () (. Further, the authors explore how SMNAT (Smart Mobile Network Access Topology) can engage with WISDOM in cooperative communication to actuate D2D communication initiated by the device or the network. WISDOM is an architectural concept for 5G Networks based on cognitive radio approach. The cognition, sustained by adaptation techniques, is a way to provide communication, convergence, connectivity, co-operation, and content, anytime and anywhere. Though D2D communication using a dedicated spectrum in multi cell environment is possible through advanced network coding or by use of fractional frequency reuse, but physical proximity of the 2 devices is still a key requisite. In this paper the authors will discuss SMNAT which employs physical layer addressing to enable D2D communication agnostic to the spatial coordinates of the devices.

scholarly journals QoS-Aware Flexible Handover Management in Software-Defined Mobile Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Yeunwoong Kyung ◽  
Tae-Kook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Handover Management ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Handover Procedure ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Network Technologies

Handover support is one of the important issues in mobile networks to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) requirements for mobile users. Alongside the development of network technologies, handover management to provide service continuity has been researched and applied for the Internet or cellular networks such as 3G/4G/5G. However, each network paradigm provides its own individual handover management system, even though there are different kinds of QoS requirements for various mobile services. This causes inefficient network resource utilization from the network operators’ perspectives. Therefore, this paper proposes a QoS-aware flexible mobility management scheme for software-defined networking (SDN)-based mobile networks. The proposed scheme classifies flows into four classes based on the QoS requirements of services in terms of delay and loss tolerance. According to the classified service characteristics, it provides a differential handover method for each flow class to support efficient network operation without any service degradation by interacting between the forwarding plane nodes and SDN controller. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme enables flexible network resource utilization, satisfying the QoS requirements for each class well compared to the conventional schemes that only consider their own individual handover procedure.

scholarly journals Performance measurement of small-cells deployed under a heterogeneous network: an analysis of the co-existence of small-cells with the macro‑cell in 5G NR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobasshir Mahbub ◽  
Bobby Barua
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Macro Cell ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Implementation Costs

Abstract Advancements of cellular networks such as 4G and 5G proposed the collaboration of small-cell technologies in mobile networks and constructed a heterogeneous network (HetNet) for collaborative connectivity. There are many benefits of small-cell-based collective communication such as the increase of device capability in indoor/outdoor locations, enhancement of wireless coverage, improved signal efficiency, lower implementation costs of gNB (Next-generation Base Station introduced in 5G), etc. The integration of small-cells by deploying low-power BSs (base stations) in conventional macro-gNBs was investigated as a convenient and economical way of raising the potentials of a cellular network with high demand from consumers. The fusion of small-cells with macro-cells offers increased coverage and capacity for heterogeneous networks. Therefore, the research aimed to realize the performance of a small-cell deployed under a macro-cell in a two-tier heterogeneous network. The research first modified the reference equation for measuring the received power by introducing the transmitter and receiver gain. The paper then measured the SINR, throughput, spectral efficiency, and power efficiency for both downlink and uplink by empirical simulation. The research further enlisted the notable outcomes after examining the simulation results and discussed some relevant research scopes in the concluding sections of the paper.

Design and Measurement Results for Cooperative Device to Device Communication

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Naveen Gupta ◽  
Vivek Ashok Bohara ◽  
Vibhutesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Base Station ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Experimental Testbed

In this chapter, the authors present the simulation and measurement results for direct and single hop device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols. The measurement results will further argument the development of D2D communication and will also help in understanding some of the intricate design issues which were overlooked during theoretical or computer simulations. The measurements were taken on a proof-of-concept experimental testbed by emulating a cellular scenario in which a Base station (BS) and many D2D enabled devices coordinate and communicate with each other to select an optimum communication range, transmit parameters, etc. A testbed (Multi-carrier) was developed using Software Defined radio which incorporates the concept of Spectrum Sharing through static sub-carrier allocation to D2D user by cellular system which will eventually enhance the performance of cellular as well as D2D communication system. Our purposed and deployed protocol have shown significant improvement in received Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) as compared to conventional direct transmission schemes.

Channel Assignment Strategies for Mobile Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 1662-1667
Author(s):  
Yi Shun Weng ◽  
Yi Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Channel Assignment ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Mobile Cellular Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Petri Nets ◽  
Selection Of

In mobile cellular networks, the mobile devices need to handoff to different base stations based on certain criteria. And also fuzzy Petri nets can support an effective rule to deduce the inexact information. Based on the reasons, this paper focuses on the use of fuzzy Petri nets to model the handoff region for obtaining optimal channel assignment schemes. In this paper, a fuzzy logic based scheme for selection of base station is presented. The scheme considers two cover regions, namely, dual-BSs fuzzy assignment handoff and triple-BSs fuzzy assignment handoff of each base station to arrive at a fuzzy handoff decision regarding handoff to any particular base station. For comparison, the conventional power level based handoff scheme is also considered.

scholarly journals Passive Method for Estimating Available Throughput for Autonomous Off-Peak Data Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Satoda ◽  
Eiji Takahashi ◽  
Takeo Onishi ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Daisuke Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
End User ◽  
Lte Networks

Large demands for mobile traffic subject base stations to frequent short-term and sharp peak loads. Recent analysis of data traffic on commercial mobile networks reported that the traffic peaks can be reduced by an average of 40% without compromising the quality of experience provided to the end user, if a peak load can be shifted for at most 20 s. To reduce peak traffic, we previously proposed a method for off-peak data transfer, with which user equipment (UE) autonomously delays receiving data, and a peak load on a base station can be shifted. In terms of off-peak transfer of data, a significant problem is determining how each UE estimates available throughput. In this paper we propose a method of passively estimating available throughput of each UE. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on experimental and commercial LTE networks. The results indicate that our method obtains more than a 0.7 correlation between actual available throughput and estimated throughput.

scholarly journals Base Station Energy Efficiency Improvement for Next Generation Mobile Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston Mwashita ◽  
Marcel Ohanga Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Next Generation Mobile Networks ◽  
Operational Expenditure

Abstract As more and more Base Stations (BSs) are being deployed by mobile operators to meet the ever increasing data traffic, solutions have to be found to try and reduce BS energy consumption to make the BSs more energy efficient and to reduce the mobile networks’ operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, a BS sleeping technology deployable in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed. The proposed scheme is validated by using extensive OMNeT++/SimuLTE simulations. From the simulations, it is shown that some lightly loaded micro BSs can be put to sleep in a HetNet when the network traffic is very low without compromising the QoS of the mobile network.

Cell Planning for Base Station in Mobile Communication Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2699-2703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Jen Liao ◽  
Chun Hung Richard Lin ◽  
Kuang Yuan Tung ◽  
Ying Chih Lin ◽  
Cheng Fa Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Improved Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Cell Planning ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Cost

Cell planning problem is one of the most important issues in mobile communication networks. To tackle the problem, one should address the location management issue because it significantly affects the cost of cell planning in mobile networks. The partition of location areas is developed to minimize the total costs of considering user location and search operation simultaneously in cellular networks, which has been shown to be NP-complete and is commonly solved by metaheuristics in previous works. In this paper, we propose novel cell planning methods for base stations using genetic algorithms with initialization, local search, and particular mechanisms of area and cell crossovers. Several simulations are conducted on various cell networks with previous, random and real configurations. The simulation results reveal that our schemes are superior to the considered algorithms.

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