scholarly journals Potential Acetylcholinesterase, Lipase, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity, as well as Antimicrobial Activities, of Essential Oil from Lettuce Leaf Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Elicited with Jasmonic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Złotek ◽  
Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk ◽  
Monika Michalak-Majewska ◽  
Małgorzata Sikora ◽  
Anna Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the elicitation with jasmonic acid on the biological activities of essential oils (EOs) from lettuce leaf basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Specifically, 0.01 µM jasmonic acid (JA1), 1 µM jasmonic acid (JA2), and 100 µM jasmonic acid (JA3) were used as elicitors. The results indicated that the elicitation increased the acetylcholinesterase, lipase, and α-amylase inhibitory activity of essential oils. A significant difference in α-glucosidase inhibition was noted only for the JA3 extract (IC50 = 0.81 µL/mL), as this activity was lower than in the control sample without elicitation (IC50 = 0.68 µL/mL). The studied basil EOs exhibited similar activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Based on the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), the best antimicrobial activity was observed for JA2 and JA3.

scholarly journals Synergistic and Antagonistic Interactions of Essential Oils on the Biological Activities of the Solvent Extracts from Three Salvia species

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy P. P. Kamatou ◽  
Robyn L. Van Zyl ◽  
Hajierah Davids ◽  
Sandy F. Van Vuuren ◽  
Alvaro M. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
South African ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Mic Value

The solvent extracts of aromatic plants contain both volatile (e.g. essential oils) and non-volatile compounds. The biological activities (antibacterial, anti-oxidant, antiplasmodial and anticancer) of the solvent extracts of three South African Salvia species ( Salvia africana-caerulea, S. africana-lutea and S. lanceolata) were evaluated in the presence and absence of the essential oils. The solvent extract of S. africana-caerulea free of essential oil exhibited the best activity against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC value: 0.4 mg/mL), while the solvent extract containing essential oil of S. lanceolata was the most active against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC value: 2.0 mg/mL). No significant difference was obtained in the antiplasmodial activity of the solvent extract with or without the essential oils of S. africana-caerulea and S. lanceolata, while the activity of the solvent extract without essential oil was significantly higher than that of the solvent extract containing the essential oil in S. africana-lutea (p < 0.05). The toxicity profile of all three species was significantly higher (p < 0.05) with the solvent extracts containing essential oils than when assessed in the absence of the essential oil.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-965
Author(s):  
Omer Elkiran ◽  
Cumhur Avsar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from the leaves of endemic Thymus leucostomus naturally grown in Turkey were investigated and chemical differences were discussed by means of chemotaxonomy. Twenty-six components were identified representing 98.8% of the oils. The main compounds in the essential oil of T. leucostomus were: o-cymene (30.6%), carvacrol (9.6%), thymol methyl ether (7.2%), limonene (6.8%). Essential oil was screened for their antimicrobial activities against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The essential oil showed higher effectiveness against all the tested bacteria and yeast. The extract was observed to be much more effective in Gram-positive bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538). In vitro antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the essential oil, and it was found that the essential oil had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50= 5.42 ±0.8 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Santiria trimera (Burseraceae) Essential Oils from Gabon

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Bikanga ◽  
Thomas Makani ◽  
Huguette Agnaniet ◽  
Louis Clément Obame ◽  
Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Different Strains

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves and bark of Santiria trimera (Oliv.) Aubrév. (Burseraceae) collected in Gabon were analyzed using capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. The leaf essential oil, which is described for the first time, was dominated by sesquiterpenes (76.5%), among which α-humulene (34.6%) and β-caryophyllene (14.9%) were the major components. The bark essential oil was almost exclusively monoterpenic, with α-pinene (51.5%) and α-terpineol (16.8%) as main constituents. The antimicrobial activities of both essential oils were tested against eight Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria by using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods; anticandidal effect was also tested on different strains of Candida albica. The Gram-negative bacteria were the less sensitive to the leaf essential oil, which was effective against Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis. The bark essential oil was more active and, in particular, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis, which was resistant to the leaf oil. A weak anticandidal effect of both essential oils was observed.

Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Some New Nsubstituted Azachalcone, Schiff base and Pyrazole Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedime Çalışkan ◽  
Asu Usta ◽  
Fatih Şaban Beriş ◽  
Nimet Baltaş ◽  
Efsun Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Pyrazoles, Schiff bases and the quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) such as N-alkyl substituted azachalcones are the important group of chemical individuals with widespread usage in many fields of science. In particular, these compounds have proven biological activities. In addition, the emergence of resistance against antibiotics used is the cause of an increasing necessity of new effective substances. Therefore, new N-alkyl substituted derivatives (4-7), 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2- pyrazoles (8-10) and Schiff bases (11-13) with biological activities such as phenolic. antioxidants or QAC were synthesized, starting from azachalcones. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with spectral methods including IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY spectral data and elemental analyses. The prepared compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive bacteria, and four Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the N-alkylated azachalcone derivatives 5 and 7 (7.8 mg/mL) showed strong antimicrobial activities, especially against Bacillus cereus. Antioxidant capacities of the synthesized compounds were determined by using CUPRAC and FRAP methods. As a result, compound 9 was observed to be more effective than other compounds.

scholarly journals Impact of Altitudinal Variation on the Phytochemical Profile, Anthelmintic and Antimicrobial Activity of Two Pinus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Wafaa M. Elkady ◽  
Mariam H. Gonaid ◽  
Miriam F. Yousif ◽  
Mahmoud El-Sayed ◽  
Hind A. N. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Pinus Pinea ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pinus Species ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Active components from natural sources are the current focus in most pharmacological research to provide new therapeutic agents for clinical use. Essential oils from the Pinus species have been traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile of two Pinus species, Pinus halepensis L. and Pinus pinea Mill, from different altitudes in Libya and study the effect of environmental conditions on the biological activities of essential oils. A clevenger apparatus was used to prepare the essential oils by hydrodistillation. Analyses were done using GC/MS. Anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities were tested against the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Different chemical profiles were observed among all tested essential oils, and terpenes were the most dominant class. All studied essential oils from the Pinus species exhibited a remarkable anthelmintic activity compared to the standard piperazine citrate drug. Pinus halepensis from both altitudes showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, while Pinus pinea was effective against only Escherichia coli. From these findings, one can conclude that there are variations between studied species. The essential oil compositions are affected by environmental factors, which consequently affect the anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Giovanni Parente ◽  
Tommaso Gargano ◽  
Stefania Pavia ◽  
Chiara Cordola ◽  
Marzia Vastano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Nidhal Salem ◽  
Olfa Bachrouch ◽  
Slim Bousselmi ◽  
Sonia Tammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Mefloquine and a Series of Related Compounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kunin ◽  
W. Y. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Walter Reed Army Institute ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACT Mefloquine was found to have bactericidal activity against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant strains ofEnterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The MICs were 16 μg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 16 to 32 μg/ml. These concentrations cannot be achieved in serum. Mefloquine was active at a more achievable concentration against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, with MICs of 0.2 to 1.5 μg/ml. Mefloquine was not active against gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. In an attempt to find more active derivatives, 400 mefloquine-related compounds were selected from the chemical inventory of The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. We identified a series of compounds containing a piperidine methanol group attached to pyridine, quinoline, and benzylquinoline ring systems. These had activities similar to that of mefloquine against S. pneumoniae but were far more active against other gram-positive bacteria (MICs for staphylococci, 0.8 to 6.3 μg/ml). They had activities similar to that of amphotericin B againstCandida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. Combinations of the compounds with gentamicin and vancomycin were additive against staphylococci and pneumococci. The MIC and MBC of gentamicin were decreased by four- to eightfold when this drug was combined with limiting dilutions of the compounds. There was no antagonism with other antimicrobial drugs. The compounds were rapidly bactericidal. They appear to act by disrupting cell membranes. Combinations of the compounds with aminoglycoside antibiotics may have potential for therapeutic use.

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Nurwening Sholikhah ◽  
Maulina Diah ◽  
Mustofa ◽  
Masriani ◽  
Susi Iravati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., local name sengkubak, is one of indigenous plants from West Kalimantan that has been used as natural flavor. Pycnorrhena cauliflora is one of species of Menispermaceae family which is rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This alkaloids are known to have various biological activities including antiprotozoal, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of  the P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanolic extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., root, leaf and stem were prepared by maceration. The disk-diffusion method was then used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 18-24 h incubation at 37 oC. Amoxicillin was used as positive control for gram-positive bacteria and ciprofloxacin was used as gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones were then measured in mm. Analysis were conducted in duplicates. The results showed in general the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (inhibition zone diameter= 10-23 mm) were more active than that leaf (0-15 mm) and stem (0-17 mm) extracts against gram-positive bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of amoxicillin as positive control was 8-42 mm. In addition, the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (12-17 mm) were also more active than that leaf (0-12 mm) and stem (0-12 mm) extracts against gram-negative bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of ciprofloxacin as positive control was 33-36 mm. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of P. caulifloria (Miers.) Diels. root is the most extract active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Further study will be focused to isolate active compounds in the methanolic extract of the root.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antiplasmodial Activities of Three Sponges from Buton Islands, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Masteria Yunovilsa Putra ◽  
Tri Aryono Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Zones

GC-MS analysis of the crude extracts of three different species of Indonesian marine sponges has been carried out for identification of bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis from Haliclona (Gellius) sp., Lamellodysidea herbacea, and Spheciospongia inconstans revealed the presence of 23, 21, 19 various compounds, respectively and mainly sterols and fatty acids. All the sponge species has been evaluated for antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay for antiplasmodial activity. In this study, all the sponge species showed antimicrobial activities against at leastone of the test strains. Among them, the extract of sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea displayed activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and the Gram-negative bacteria V. cholerae, with inhibition zones of 10.3, 9.2 and 9.5 mm, respectively. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., showed significant activity against fungal pathogen C. albicans. The sponge Haliclona (Gellius) sp., displayed the ability to inhibit heme polymerization indicating an anti-Plasmodium function and also showed potent cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp Artemia sp. Keywords: GC-MS analysis, antimicrobial, sponges,bioactive

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