scholarly journals A Method to Accurately Estimate Fish Abundance in Offshore Cages

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3720
Author(s):  
Pranesh Sthapit ◽  
MinSeok Kim ◽  
Kiseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Echo Signal ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Over Time

Due to the lack of reliable methods, manual fish counting is popular on farms. However, this approach is time and labor intensive. Using an echosounder and the echo-integration technique could be a better alternative. The echo-integration method has been widely used in fish abundance estimation in waterbodies because of its simplicity. However, most of the research is concentrated on the open ocean, whereas fish count estimation in farming cages has not been explored much. Using the echo-integration method in a cage offers its own unique sets of problems. Firstly, the echo signal reflected from the cage boundaries should also be taken into account. Secondly, the fish inside a cage behave differently with time, as their mobility pattern is highly dependent on sunlight and water current. In this paper, fish behavior inside an offshore cage over time was extensively studied, and based on that a real-time fish counter system using a commercial echosounder was developed. The experiments demonstrate that our method is simple, user-friendly, and has an estimation error of less than 10%. Since our method accurately estimated fish abundance, the method should be reliable when making fish management decisions.

scholarly journals Visual4DTracker: a tool to interact with 3D + t image stacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Cordelli ◽  
Paolo Soda ◽  
Giulio Iannello
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Image Stack ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Insulin Granules ◽  
Matlab Package ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Drosophila Cells ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Biological phenomena usually evolves over time and recent advances in high-throughput microscopy have made possible to collect multiple 3D images over time, generating $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t (or 4D) datasets. To extract useful information there is the need to extract spatial and temporal data on the particles that are in the images, but particle tracking and feature extraction need some kind of assistance. Results This manuscript introduces our new freely downloadable toolbox, the Visual4DTracker. It is a MATLAB package implementing several useful functionalities to navigate, analyse and proof-read the track of each particle detected in any $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t stack. Furthermore, it allows users to proof-read and to evaluate the traces with respect to a given gold standard. The Visual4DTracker toolbox permits the users to visualize and save all the generated results through a user-friendly graphical user interface. This tool has been successfully used in three applicative examples. The first processes synthetic data to show all the software functionalities. The second shows how to process a 4D image stack showing the time-lapse growth of Drosophila cells in an embryo. The third example presents the quantitative analysis of insulin granules in living beta-cells, showing that such particles have two main dynamics that coexist inside the cells. Conclusions Visual4DTracker is a software package for MATLAB to visualize, handle and manually track $$3D+t$$ 3 D + t stacks of microscopy images containing objects such cells, granules, etc.. With its unique set of functions, it remarkably permits the user to analyze and proof-read 4D data in a friendly 3D fashion. The tool is freely available at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19AEn0TqP-2B8Z10kOavEAopTUxsKUV73?usp=sharing

Long-Run Effects in Dynamic Systems: New Tools for Cross-Lagged Panel Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812199322
Author(s):  
Ali Shamsollahi ◽  
Michael J. Zyphur ◽  
Ozlem Ozkok
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Simulated Dataset ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Over Time

Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) are common, but their applications often focus on “short-run” effects among temporally proximal observations. This addresses questions about how dynamic systems may immediately respond to interventions, but fails to show how systems evolve over longer timeframes. We explore three types of “long-run” effects in dynamic systems that extend recent work on “impulse responses,” which reflect potential long-run effects of one-time interventions. Going beyond these, we first treat evaluations of system (in)stability by testing for “permanent effects,” which are important because in unstable systems even a one-time intervention may have enduring effects. Second, we explore classic econometric long-run effects that show how dynamic systems may respond to interventions that are sustained over time. Third, we treat “accumulated responses” to model how systems may respond to repeated interventions over time. We illustrate tests of each long-run effect in a simulated dataset and we provide all materials online including user-friendly R code that automates estimating, testing, reporting, and plotting all effects (see https://doi.org/10.26188/13506861 ). We conclude by emphasizing the value of aligning specific longitudinal hypotheses with quantitative methods.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY INTO THE ACCURACY OF IT ESTIMATIONS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 409-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. ZAPATA ◽  
M. R. V. CHAUDRON
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Error ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Learning Improvement ◽  
Current Estimation ◽  
It Department ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Process Complexity ◽  
Over Time

This paper is the result of two related studies done on the estimation of IT projects at a large Dutch multinational company. The first one is a study about the accuracy of different dimensions of IT project estimating: schedule, budget and effort. [Note: This paper is an extension of the paper published by the authors as "An analysis of accuracy and learning in software project estimating" [28].] This study is based on a dataset of 171 projects collected at the IT department of the company. We analyzed the estimation error of budget, effort and schedule. Also, we analyzed whether there is any learning (improvement) effect over time. With the results of the first study we proceeded to research what is causing the current estimation error (inaccuracy). The results of our first study show that there is no relation between accuracy of budget, schedule and effort in the company analyzed. Besides, they show that over time there is no change in the inaccuracy (effectiveness and efficiency of the estimates). In our second study we discovered that the sources of this inaccuracy are: (IT estimation) process complexity, misuse of estimates, technical complexity, requirements redefinition and business domain instability. This paper reflects and provides recommendations on how to improve the learning from historical estimates and how to manage the diverse sources of inaccuracy inside this particular company and also in other organizations.

Fourth-order fractional diffusion model of thermal grooving: integral approach to approximate closed form solution of the Mullins model

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Multiple Integral ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Multiple Integration ◽  
Space Coordinate

A multiple integration technique of the integral-balance method allowing solving high-order subdiffusion diffusion equations is presented in this article. The new method termed multiple-integral balance method (MIM) is based on multiple integration procedures with respect to the space coordinate. MIM is a generalization of the widely applied Heat-balance integral method of Goodman and the double integration method of Volkov. The method is demonstrated by a solution of the linear subdiffusion model of Mullins for thermal grooving by surface diffusion.

Music Therapy, a Description of Process: Engagement and Avoidance in Five People with Learning Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Toolan ◽  
Shirley Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Therapeutic Engagement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Over Time

A number of approaches exist within the field of music therapy. Some models for evaluating the efficacy of therapy have been adopted in the UK in recent years. These have measured the occurrence of specific behaviours within therapy, or compared music therapy with other interventions. There is a need to find reasonably reliable methods of describing change and the therapeutic process occurring within music therapy. This paper describes change occurring in five people with learning disabilities, in terms of their levels of engagement in therapy and in the therapeutic relationship. A method is provided, to evaluate independent observers ‘perceptions of change in the patients over a 30-session period of therapy. A significant increase in levels of engagement over time was found. It was also found that the degree of change over time was not related to the mean level of engagement. We discuss some subtle factors involved in therapeutic engagement for the five patients in the study, and stress the importance of a therapy which emphasises the dynamics of interpersonal communication for people with limited opportunities to express thoughts and emotions.

scholarly journals A Financial Training Program for USDA/FSA Borrowers: Evolution and Impacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Parsons ◽  
Gregory D. Hanson ◽  
Wesley N. Musser ◽  
Roland Freund ◽  
Lehan Power
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Financial Training ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Educational Benefit ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Over Time

A financial training program designed by Cooperative Extension specialists was provided to over 2,000 USDA/FSA borrowers from the Northeast during the period 1994–1999. Key to the success of the workshops was an in-depth, user-friendly curriculum that evolved over time, eventually replacing satellite-feed instruction with pre-taped videos. Cluster analysis classified nearly 70% of workshop participants as “Low Finance Priority” or “Low Finance Knowledge.” Farmers in these clusters received a relatively greater educational benefit from the program than those not in these clusters. Impact analysis indicated that perceived annual gain in farm net worth from application of workshop tools ranged from approximately $5,000 to $10,000. The training addressed the needs of producers typically isolated from Cooperative Extension because the workshop was the only extension program attended that year by nearly two-thirds of them.

scholarly journals PEER FEEDBACK OVER TIME

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia N. Smith ◽  
Thomas A. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Peer Feedback ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Teamwork Skills ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Over Time

Abstract –Given the ubiquity of teamwork in engineering education and industry1, developing teamwork skills in undergraduate students is a critical component of their training. This is supported by the inclusion of ‘individual and teamwork’ as a graduate attribute by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board2. The current work explores the development of teamwork skills through the use of multiple administrations of peer feedback, in order to explore the value of using several administrations and support past findings that have suggested increased administrations provide incremental improvements. Additionally, the paper discusses the use of an empirically validated and user-friendly tool used to deliver the peer feedback assessments. The results suggest that students find the tool easy to use and that they believed the feedback they received and gave was accurate and useful. Together, these results suggest that peer feedback, delivered using the ITPMetrics.com platform, is an effective and well-received method of fostering soft-skill development in engineering students.  

A Framework for Problem Standardization and Algorithm Comparison in Multibody System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lu ◽  
Jedediyah Williams ◽  
Jeff Trinkle ◽  
Claude Lacoursière
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Error ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Benchmark Problems ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Solution Algorithms ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Simulation Problem ◽  
User Friendly

The underlying dynamic model of multibody systems takes the form of a differential Complementarity Problem (dCP), which is nonsmooth and thus challenging to integrate. The dCP is typically solved by discretizing it in time, thus converting the simulation problem into the problem of solving a sequence of complementarity problems (CPs). Because the CPs are difficult to solve, many modelling options that affect the dCPs and CPs have been tested, and some reformulation and relaxation options affecting the properties of the CPs and solvers have been studied in the hopes to find the “best” simulation method. One challenge within the existing literature is that there is no standard set of benchmark simulations. In this paper, we propose a framework of Benchmark Problems for Multibody Dynamics (BPMD) to support the fair testing of various simulation algorithms. We designed and constructed a BPMD database and collected an initial set of solution algorithms for testing. The data stored for each simulation problem is sufficient to construct the CPs corresponding to several different simulation design decisions. Once the CPs are constructed from the data, there are several solver options including the PATH solver, nonsmooth Newton methods, fixed-point iteration methods for nonlinear problems, and Lemke’s algorithm for linear problems. Additionally, a user-friendly interface is provided to add customized models and solvers. As an example benchmark comparison, we use data from physical planar grasping experiments. Using the input from a physical experiment to drive the simulation, uncertain model parameters such as friction coefficients are determined. This is repeated for different simulation methods and the parameter estimation error serves as a measure of the suitability of each method to predict the observed physical behavior.

A Stress-Strength Interference Model with Strength Degradation Following a Gamma Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 1196-1200
Author(s):  
Jian Cheng Shen ◽  
Li Mei Liu ◽  
Ai Sheng Jiao ◽  
Xiang Bin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Strength Degradation ◽  
Gamma Process ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Interference Model ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Numerical Integration Method ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Over Time

Stress-strength interference model has been widely used for reliability analysis of structures.Strength degradation of a structure is a common phenomenon in engineering. To evaluate the structure reliability in the case of strength degradation over time, the strength degradation is represented by a gamma process and the stress applied on a structure is represented by the Poisson process in this paper. Then a time-dependent stress-strength interference model is suggested by employing numerical integration method. With this model, the structure reliability can be evaluated more accurately.

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