scholarly journals High-Performance Green Extraction of Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Salvia fruticosa Using Cyclodextrins: Optimization, Kinetics, and Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Grigorakis ◽  
Amina Benchennouf ◽  
Abedalghani Halahlah ◽  
Dimitris P. Makris
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

S. fruticosa, collectively known as Cretan sage, is a medicinal plant to which a number of bioactivities have been attributed. In spite of its importance in nutrition and pharmacy, reports on the extraction of major polyphenols using sustainable processes are particularly limited. In this study, three common cyclodextrins, namely, methyl β-cyclodextrin (m-β-CD), hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), were tested as green boosters of aqueous extraction of polyphenols from aerial parts of S. fruticosa. To examine simultaneously important extraction parameters, including the concentration of cyclodextrins (CCD), pH, and liquid-to-solid ratio (RL/S), a Box–Behnken design was chosen, with three central points. Temperature effects on the extraction yield were also considered, by carrying out kinetics. The results showed that m-β-CD was the most effective extraction booster, providing total polyphenols yields that amounted to 98.39 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass. The kinetic assay demonstrated that extraction was highly effective at 80 °C, increasing significantly polyphenol yield, as well as the ferric-reducing power and antiradical activity of the extracts. It was also proven that extraction with m-β-CD was the least energy-demanding process. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry examination revealed that m-β-CD might possess higher affinity for luteolin 7-O-glucuronide extraction, but β-CD for rosmarinic acid extraction.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Extraction from Humulus lupulus (Hop) Using a Neoteric Glycerol/L-Alanine Deep Eutectic Solvent: Optimisation, Kinetics and the Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achillia Lakka ◽  
Ioanna Karageorgou ◽  
Olga Kaltsa ◽  
Georgia Batra ◽  
Eleni Bozinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Polyphenol Extraction ◽  
Kinetic Pattern ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The investigation presented herein had as its scope the development of an integrated process for the efficient extraction of polyphenols from hop. For this purpose, a novel, natural deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesised, composed of glycerol and L-alanine, and the process was optimised by deploying a response surface methodology based on a Box–Behnken design. The variables considered were the DES/water proportion, the liquid-to-solid ratio and the stirring speed. Under the optimised conditions, the yield in total polyphenols achieved was 118.97 ± 8.27 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry mass. Ultrasonication, incorporated into the process as a pretreatment step, was shown to significantly change the kinetic pattern of polyphenol extraction and contributed to attaining higher yields only at 80 °C, whereas at lower temperatures a supressing effect was observed. Furthermore, increasing temperature was negatively correlated with the second-order extraction rates, evidencing a slow-down of the extraction rate at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Solasodine Extracted from Fruits of Solanum nigrum L. by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Lin ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

Background: Solasodine is a major bioactive ingredient in Solanum nigrum L. that has strong pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, the development of a simple and effective extraction method for obtaining solasodine is highly important. This study aims to provide a rapid and effective method for extracting solasodine from Solanum nigrum L. by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE). Methods: First, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions were established for the detection of solasodine. Then, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) compositions were examined. On the basis of the results of single-factor experiments, for a better yield, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize influential factors including the extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio. Results: The maximum extraction yield of 7.11 ± 0.08 mg/g was obtained at 44 °C, an extraction time of 15 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 42:1 mL/g in the ATPS consisting of EtOH solvent, (NH4)2SO4, and water (28:16:56, w/w/w). The extraction yield of the alkaloid obtained using this method was markedly higher than those of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Conclusions: In this work, solasodine was extracted by MAATPE for the first time and a high yield was obtained. MAATPE is a simple, rapid, and green technique for extraction from medical plants. Thus, the present study will enable the development of a feasible extraction method of active alkaloids from Solanum nigrum L.

scholarly journals Optimisation of High Hydrostatic Pressure Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Rabbiteye Blueberry Pomace

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Haining ◽  
Ma Yongkun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high hydrostatic pressure assisted extraction (HHPE) on the anthocyanins from blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) pomace. From the Plackett-Burman Experimental Design (PBD) only the liquid-solid ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction pressure were found to significantly affect the extraction yield of anthocyanin content. Hence, the outcome of Box-Behnken Design suggested that the optimal operating conditions of the HHPE for the yield of anthocyanin content were liquid-solid ratio 41 ml/g, ethanol concentration 63%, and extraction pressure 443 MPa. At these conditions, 107.9 mg/100 g anthocyanins was obtained, which was more than by the control extraction (67.63 mg/100 g). 10 anthocyanins were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS, malvidin-3-galactoside and malvidin-3-glucoside were the major anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Six Isoflavones from Puerariae Lobatae Radix by CPE-HPLC and Effect of Puerarin on Tyrosinase Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Qu ◽  
Ke Song ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Juan Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Diphenolase Activity

Tyrosinase inhibitors with excellent inhibitory activities and lower side effects have promising applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture, food sciences and cosmetics. In this study, a method for simultaneous separation and determination of six target compounds (puerarin, daidzin, genistein, daidzein, genistin, and formononetin) in Puerariae Lobatae Radix was established by cloud point extraction (CPE) and concentration combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To achieve high extraction yields, an ultrasound-assisted extraction method was developed based on a salt-modified Triton X-100 system. The optimal extraction conditions are: surfactant Triton X-100 concentration 0.07 g/mL, liquid-solid ratio 80:1 (mL/g), NaCl addition amount 0.6 g, equilibrium time 40 min, equilibrium temperature 70 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the total maximum extraction yield of the six target isoflavones reached 8.92 mg/g. Using l-tyrosine and l-dopa as substrates, the effects of puerarin on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase activity were investigated by the enzyme kinetics method. The results showed that puerarin inhibited monophenolase activity with an IC50 of 0.537 mg/mL and activated diphenolase activity. The inhibition type of puerarin on monophenolase and the activation type of puerarin on diphenolase were analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots which show that puerarin showed mixed inhibition on monophenolase and mixed activation on diphenolase. Therefore, puerarin can be used as both a tyrosinase inhibitor and a tyrosinase activator.

scholarly journals Study on Three Sarcocapnos Species as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Relation between Phenolic Content and Bioactivity by Multivariate Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Fernández-Poyatos ◽  
Gökhan Zengin ◽  
Carlos Salazar-Mendías ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Medina ◽  
Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

In this work, we report the phenolic composition and bioactivity of the aerial parts of three species of Sarcocapnos (S. enneaphylla, S. pulcherrima, and S. saetabensis) to study their potential as sources of bioactive compounds to revalorize them and contribute to the conservation of these plant species. Samples were collected in different locations in the province of Jaén (southeast of Spain), and qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection. S. enneaphylla presented the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (58 mg/g DE). The most abundant compound in S. enneaphylla and S. saetabensis was rutin (35 mg/g DE and 11.7 mg/g DE, respectively), whereas isorhamnetin-O-rutinoside was dominant in S. pulcherrima (11.5 mg/g DE). Several assays were performed to evaluate the potential bioactivity of the three species of Sarcocapnos. These assays included antioxidant and radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activity (acetylcholinesterase, amylase, butyrylcholinesterase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase). In general, all methanolic extracts presented the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the highest radical scavenging, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties. This relationship between phenolics and bioactivity was confirmed by multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Sequential Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil and Pigment from Lemon Peels Waste

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Martínez-Abad ◽  
Marina Ramos ◽  
Mahmoud Hamzaoui ◽  
Stephane Kohnen ◽  
Alfonso Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Main Components

In this work, a cascade approach to obtain different valuable fractions from lemon peels waste was optimised using microwave-assisted processes. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) with a Clevenger apparatus was firstly used to obtain the lemon essential oil (LEO). The remaining residue was then submitted to microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the lemon pigment (LP). A Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of ethanol concentration, temperature and time in LP extraction in terms of extraction yield and colour intensity. Optimal extraction conditions for LP were 80% (v/v) ethanol, 80 °C and 50 min, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:10. The obtained yields for LEO and LP were around 2 wt.% and 6 wt.%, respectively. The composition of LEO was analysed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID), and limonene (65.082 wt.%), β-pinene (14.517 wt.%) and γ-terpinene (9.743 wt.%) were mainly identified. LP was purified by using different Amberlite adsorption resins (XAD4, XAD7HP and XAD16N), showing XAD16N the best adsorption capacity. Enrichment factors of 4.3, 4.5 and 5.0 were found for eriocitrin, diosmin and hesperidin, respectively, which were detected as the main components in LP by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS) analysis, with final concentrations of 4.728 wt.%, 7.368 wt.% and 2.658 wt.%, respectively. Successful antimicrobial capacity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was obtained for LEO. The results from this work showed the potential of applying a cascading approach based on microwave-assisted processes to valorise lemon wastes, obtaining natural pigments and antimicrobials to be applied in food, cosmetic and polymer industries.

scholarly journals Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Leaves Employing Deep Eutectic Solvents: The Application of Chemometrics to a Quantitative Study on Antioxidant Compounds

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Hamida Akli ◽  
Spyros Grigorakis ◽  
Abdessamie Kellil ◽  
Sofia Loupassaki ◽  
Dimitris P. Makris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Solid Ratio

The extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves was optimized using three glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lysine, proline, and arginine. A three-level Box–Behnken design was used to examine the influence of the liquid/solid ratio, concentration of DESs, and extraction temperature on the yield of the extraction process. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the polyphenol extraction yield. The optimal predicted conditions were used for extractions and they provided the highest total phenol yields with the glycerol–lysine exhibiting the best performance. Quantification of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and rutin in the extracts showed high content in tyrosol in all DESs, particularly with glycerol–lysine and relatively similar contents with other studies for the other phenolic compounds. Finally, a linear relationship between tyrosol content and the total phenolic content of the extracts was observed.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Temperature and High-Performance Green Extraction Process for the Recovery of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals from Waste Potato Peels Using Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Achillia Lakka ◽  
Stavros Lalas ◽  
Dimitris P. Makris
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
Ferulic Acids

Potato peels (PP) are a major agri-food side-stream originating from potato processing, but to date, their green valorization as a bioresource of antioxidant polyphenols is limited to extraction processes involving mainly water/ethanol-based solvents, whereas other eco-friendly methodologies are scarce. This study aimed at developing a simple, straight-forward and green extraction methodology to effectively recover PP polyphenols, using hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). After an initial assay to identify the optimal HP-β-CD concentration that would provide increased extraction yield, optimization based on response surface methodology enabled maximization of the extraction performance, providing a total polyphenol yield of 17.27 ± 0.93 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent g−1 dry mass, at 30 °C. Testing of temperatures higher than 30 °C and up to 80 °C did not favor higher yields. The extracts obtained with HP-β-CD were slightly richer in polyphenols than extracts prepared with conventional solvents, such as aqueous ethanol and methanol, displaying similar antioxidant characteristics. The major polyphenols that could be identified in the extracts were neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids. The outcome of this study demonstrated that HP-β-CD may be used as a highly effective green means of recovering PP polyphenols, at near-ambient temperature.

Box-Behnken Design for Extraction Optimization Followed by High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: Production of a Flavonoid-enriched Fraction from Achyrocline Satureioides

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pittol ◽  
George González Ortega ◽  
Eduarda Doneda ◽  
Sara Elis Bianchi ◽  
Marí Castro Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Countercurrent Chromatography ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Achyrocline Satureioides

AbstractThe biological properties of Achyrocline satureioides have been mostly ascribed to its major flavonoids quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LUT), and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ). The present study aimed to optimize the extraction by dynamic maceration of the major phenolic compounds in order to obtain in a subsequent step a flavonoid-enriched fraction (FEF) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). A 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to maximize the extraction of the substances, using the plant : solvent ratio (X1 ), extraction time (X2 ), and ethanol concentration (X3 ) as factors. One-step HPCCC semipreparative separation with a solvent system composed of hexane : ethyl acetate : methanol : water (0.9 : 0.9 : 0.8 : 1.0, v/v) was employed to obtain the FEF. The second-order polynomial model was able to fit the experimental data adequately. The linear and quadratic terms of X3 were the most significant factors that affected all the responses. The positive linear term of X3 indicated a substantial increase in extraction yield, while the negative quadratic term showed a nonlinear tendency. Linear terms of X1 suggested a tendency to solvent saturation, except for QCT. The terms of X2 did not affect the responses substantially. The HPCCC method was found to be efficient and rapid for separating the FEF with 71% (w/w) flavonoid content. Overall, the developed extraction procedure coupled with HPCCC proved to be efficient for obtaining an enriched fraction with a very high content of flavonoids from A. satureioides.

scholarly journals Identification of Anthocyanins and Optimization of Their Extraction from Rabbiteye Blueberry Fruits in Nanjing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Hutabarat ◽  
Y. D. Xiao ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
D. J. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Solid Ratio

Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, which are associated with health benefits contributing to reducing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to improve the yield of anthocyanins extracted from rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) fruits cultivated in Nanjing using ultrasound-assisted extraction and to identify the individual anthocyanins present in the extract. The extraction conditions of blueberry anthocyanins were optimized using response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken test was designed to investigate the effect of extraction using different ethanol concentrations, extraction time, and liquid-to-solid ratios. The optimum conditions of the extraction derived from the model were as follows: extraction time 24 h at 30°C using 72.50% ethanol which contains 0.02% v/v hydrochloric acid as a solvent and liquid-to-solid ratio 20 : 1 v/w. The extraction yield was 16.21 ± 0.44 mg/g under these optimum conditions. The 13 peaks of the anthocyanin extract from rabbiteye blueberry fruits in Nanjing were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS), which are the derivatives of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin that were glycosylated by glucose, galactose, or arabinose. This research provides a reliable scientific basis for efficacious extraction and identification of anthocyanins from blueberry fruits, which would be helpful for further investigation of the function and application of blueberry anthocyanins extract to human health.

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