scholarly journals Differential Effects of the Allelochemical Juglone on Growth of Harmful and Non-Target Freshwater Algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Hwan Park ◽  
Keonhee Kim ◽  
Soon-Jin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Nuisance Algae ◽  
Asterionella Formosa ◽  
Fragilaria Crotonensis ◽  
Synedra Acus ◽  
Stephanodiscus Hantzschii ◽  
Algicidal Effects

Allelopathy has been applied to control nuisance algae in aquatic systems, but the effects of allelochemicals on the broad spectrum of algae are not well understood. We investigate algicidal effects of the allelochemical juglone on the bloom-forming, harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and on several non-target algal species including cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos–aquae, Oscillatoria curviceps, and Phormidium subfuscum), diatoms (Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, and Synedra acus), and green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus quadricauda), in laboratory and field enclosure bioassays. Under three treatment concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg L−1) of juglone, Microcystis cell density is significantly reduced by 35–93%. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg L−1 inhibits Stephanodiscus growth almost equally (66% and 75%, respectively). To contrast, juglone produces a stimulatory allelopathic effect on three green algae, and other tested diatoms showed hormesis. Overall, the cyanobacteria are more sensitive to juglone than the green algae and diatoms. These results indicate that the allelopathic effects of juglone on microalgae vary depending on their characteristic cellular morphology and anatomy.

Two cyanobacterial strains can be distinguished from each other and other eukaryotic algae by spectral absorption method

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha U. M. Lokuhewage ◽  
T. Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Spectral Absorption ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Eukaryotic Algae ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Kanto Region

Spectral absorption method based on two step linear regression analyses (TSLR) was applied for detection of two strains of cyanobacterium, Microcystis (blue-green algae) from eukaryotic algae. Both blue-green algae, algae and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were considered from freshwater bodies in Kanto region, Japan. The results show that blue-green species can be detected from other algal species using absorption spectra of water samples. In this study statistical analysis was done by TSLR method, which determined the gradient vectors of single algal species and DOC. We believe that this method might be useful in environmental monitoring of freshwater algae.

Allelopathic activity of the norharmane-producing cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis against cyanobacteria and microalgae

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Synechocystis Aquatilis

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis was observed growing as a monospecies in enriched phytoplankton samples in the laboratory, indicating its allelopathic activity on coexisting phytoplankton species. Therefore, the present study screened the culture medium of an axenic strain of this cyanobacterium for the presence of allelechemicals with algicidal properties by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The allelopathic effect of S. aquatilis was evaluated by co-cultivation of target species of toxic cyanobacteria and green algae with this cyanobacterium, as well as by evaluation of norharmane (β-carboline 9H-pyrido(3,4-b) indole) crude extract prepared from the culture medium of Synechocystis. The growth of target algal species was measured as a cell density after 6 days incubation. The results showed that S. aquatilis produced the indole alkaloid norharmane with large quantities in the culture medium (86 μg l−1). In co-cultivation experiments, S. aquatilis inhibited the growth of all tested cyanobacteria and green algae. Norharmane crude extract exhibited stronger inhibition of cyanobacteria (EC50 = 4.6–4.8 μg ml−1) than green algae (EC50= 6.3–6.4 μg ml−1) in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its apparent role in the allelopathic activity of S. aquatilis. The possible applicability of the allelochemical, norharmane, as an algicide to prevent the formation of harmful algal bloom was discussed.

Growth Rates of Five Freshwater Algae in Well-Buffered Acidic Media

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1240-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Gensemer ◽  
Susan Soltau Kilham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Asterionella Formosa ◽  
The Media ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Stephanodiscus Hantzschii

Growth rates for five freshwater algae, Asterionella formosa, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Scenedesmus sp., Cryptomonas ozolini, and Anabaena flos-aquae, in media ranging in pH from 5.0 to 7.5 using three zwitterionic buffers, MES, PIPES, and TES, were determined. These buffers supported similar growth rates when compared with each other in treatment groups of similar pH. For pH values below 6.0 no growth occurred or growth rates were significantly reduced in some treatment groups for all species except Cryptomonas. In some cases, these lowered growth rates were partially or completely restored by reducing trace metals in the media by one or two orders of magnitude. We suggest that these buffers could provide a useful technique for investigating the physiological responses of phytoplankton in lakes undergoing acidification.

scholarly journals A Review of Nontraditional Biomanipulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1184-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaoping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Nuisance Algae ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this review is to identify problems, find general patterns, and extract recommendations for successful management using nontraditional biomanipulation to improve water quality. There are many obstacles that prevent traditional biomanipulation from achieving expectations: expending largely to remove planktivorous fish, reduction of external and internal phosphorus, and macrophyte re-establishment. Grazing pressure from large zooplankton is decoupled in hypereutrophic waters where cyanobacterial blooms flourish. The original idea of biomanipulation (increased zooplankton grazing rate as a tool for controlling nuisance algae) is not the only means of controlling nuisance algae via biotic manipulations. Stocking phytoplanktivorous fish may be considered to be a nontraditional method; however, it can be an effective management tool to control nuisance algal blooms in tropical lakes that are highly productive and unmanageable to reduce nutrient concentrations to low levels.Although small enclosures increase spatial overlap between predators and prey, leading to overestimates of the impact of predation, microcosm and whole-lake experiments have revealed similar community responses to major factors that regulate lake communities, such as nutrients and planktivorous fish. Both enclosure experiments and large-scale observations revealed that the initial phytoplankton community composition greatly impacted the success of biomanipulation. Long-term observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu have documented that silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) (two filter-feeding planktivorous species commonly used in management) can suppress Microcystis blooms efficiently. The introduction of silver and bighead carp could be an effective management technique in eutrophic systems that lack macrozooplankton. We confirmed that nontraditional biomanipulation is only appropriate if the primary aim is to reduce nuisance blooms of large algal species, which cannot be controlled effectively by large herbivorous zooplankton. Alternatively, this type of biomanipulation did not work efficiently in less eutrophic systems where nanophytoplankton dominated.

Volatile Components of the Freshwater Algae Spirogyra and Mougeotia

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zornitza G. Kamenarska ◽  
Stefka D. Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
Christina Nikolova ◽  
Athanas Il. Kujumgiev ◽  
Kamen L. Stefanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Specific Composition

Abstract Several species of freshwater green algae belonging to the order Zygnematales (Spirogyra crassa (Ktz.) Czurda, S. longata (Vauch.) Ktz., and Mougeotia viridis (Ktz.) Wittr.) were found to have a specific composition of the volatile fraction, which confirms an earlier proposal for the existence of two groups in the genus Spirogyra. Antibacterial activity was found in volatiles from S. longata.

Phototoxicity to selected marine and freshwater algae of polyacetylenes from species in the Asteraceae

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Arnason ◽  
Janet R. Stein ◽  
Elizabeth Graham ◽  
Chi-Kit Wat ◽  
G. H. Neil Towers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Toxic Reactions

The phototoxicity of polyacetylenes from representatives of the Asteraceae to a broad range of freshwater and marine algal species was observed. In the tests triacetylenes were more toxic than diacetylenes. In addition, a small group of polyacetylenes with terminal alcohol or aldehyde groups were found to be toxic with or without ultraviolet (UV) treatment (300–400 nm). Quantitative tests with Euglena and Valonia indicated toxic reactions with three compounds at concentrations greater than 1 ppm. Considering the toxicity of polyacetylenes to bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, and fish, the present work with plants is further evidence of their general cytotoxic nature.

scholarly journals Guanicid and PHMG Toxicity Tests on Aquatic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Eva Poštulková ◽  
Radovan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Desmodesmus Communis ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae

The emergence and development of new algicidal products is caused by the ever increasing popularity of garden ponds as well as the use of these products in the fisheries sector, especially for disposal of cyanobacteria and algae. Most frequent means of combating cyanobacteria and algae are applications of algicidal substances. Newly developed algaecides include Guanicid and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). The aim of the study was to identify toxic effects of Guanicid and PHMG on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and green algae (Desmodesmus communis). We determined the acute toxicity in fish according to ČSN EN ISO 7346-1, and conducted the freshwater algae growth inhibition test according to ČSN ISO 8692 methodology. For inhibition tests with green algae we chose Guanicid and PHMG concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.010 ml/L. For fish short-term acute toxicity tests we chose Guanicid concentrations of 0.010, 0.050, 0.150, 0.200, 0.250, and 0.300 ml/L and PHMG concentrations of 0.010, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.125 ml/L. In case of zebrafish (Danio rerio), the LC50 value for Guanicid is 0.086 ml/L, while the LC50 value for PHMG is 0.043 ml/L. Effects of Guanicid on inhibition of green algae (Desmodesmus communis) appear highly significant (p < 0.010) at a concentration of 0.010 ml/L. For PHMG, these effects are highly significant (p < 0.001) at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.010 ml/L in 48 hours.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Allelochemical Activity and Biochemical Profile of Different Phenotypes of Picocyanobacteria from the Genus Synechococcus

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Konarzewska ◽  
Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska ◽  
Aldo Barreiro Felpeto ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
Adam Latała
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Organisms belonging to Synechococcus sp. genera are observed in all freshwater, brackish, and marine waters of the world. They play a relevant role in these ecosystems, since they are one of the main primary producers, especially in open ocean. Eventually, they form mass blooms in coastal areas, which are potentially dangerous for the functioning of marine ecosystems. Allelopathy could be an important factor promoting the proliferation of these organisms. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there is no information on the allelopathic activity and allelopathic compounds exhibited by different Synechococcus sp. phenotypes. Therefore, the research conducted here aimed to study the bioactivity of compounds produced by three phenotypes of Synechococcus sp. by studying their influence on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic pigments of eighteen cyanobacteria and microalgae species. We demonstrated that three different Synechococcus sp. phenotypes, including a phycocyanin (PC)-rich strain (Type 1; green strain) and phycoerythrin (PE)-rich strains containing phycoerythrobilin (PEB) and phycocyanobilin (PCB) (Type 2; red strain and Type 3a; brown strain), had a significant allelopathic effect on the selected species of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and green algae. For all green algae, a decrease in cell abundance under the influence of phenotypes of donor cyanobacteria was shown, whereas, among some target cyanobacteria and diatom species, the cell-free filtrate was observed to have a stimulatory effect. Our estimates of the stress on photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed a similar pattern, although for some diatoms, there was an effect of stress on photosynthesis, while a stimulatory effect on growth was also displayed. The pigment content was affected by allelopathy in most cases, particularly for chlorophyll a, whilst it was a bit less significant for carotenoids. Our results showed that Synechococcus sp. Type 3a had the strongest effect on target species, while Synechococcus sp. Type 1 had the weakest allelopathic effect. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis produced different biochemical profiles for the Synechococcus strains. For every phenotype, the most abundant compound was different, with oxime-, methoxy-phenyl- being the most abundant substance for Synechococcus Type 1, eicosane for Synechococcus Type 2, and silanediol for Synechococcus Type 3a.

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