scholarly journals Assessing the Security of TEMPEST Fonts against Electromagnetic Eavesdropping by Using Different Specialized Receivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Kubiak ◽  
Alexandru Boitan ◽  
Simona Halunga
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Test System ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Printed Text ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Institutions

The main topic of the present paper is the printed text protection against electromagnetic infiltration. There are many solutions to protect such data. One of these methods is the one that uses computer fonts that are characterized by special shapes. The suitability of the solution has to be confirmed by many tests and analyses. An important element of such researches is the class of receiving devices used. In the case of measurements of the valuable emissions arising from electronic data processing of the printed text, typical receivers that are used for measurements of electromagnetic compatibility cannot be used. They have to be dedicated devices for measuring the very low level of signal that arises unintentionally. The sensitivity of the receiver must be very high in wide measuring bands. In addition, in order to assess the method of preventing electromagnetic infiltration, it is important to verify it by independent institutions. An additional advantage is the use of different receivers in the assessment process. This paper presents the results of studies made regarding the suitability of two sets of fonts with special shapes (secure symmetrical and secure asymmetrical) in secure information processing. The analysis of the fonts was based on visual examination, a basic method of preliminary assessment of electromagnetic emissions correlated with processed text information, of the images reproduced from unwanted emissions. The tests were carried out at two independent institutions, Military Communication Institute—Poland, Special Telecommunications Services—Romania, using three different types of receivers: Tempest Test System DSI-1550A, Rohde & Schwarz FSET22 and Rohde & Schwarz FSWT. The images obtained in the two independent laboratories with different setup and test equipment confirmed thus without doubt the possibility of using special fonts as the solution against an effectiveness of electromagnetic infiltration. The above assessment is correct, regardless of the used receiver and the environment of implementation of the secure fonts.

Towards quantitative simulations of inelastic electron diffraction patterns and images

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1170-1171
Author(s):  
Z. L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Atomic Vibrations ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Primary Advantage ◽  
The One

A new dynamical theory has been developed based on Yoshioka's coupled equations for describing inelastic electron scattering in thin crystals. Compared to existing theories, the primary advantage of this theory is that the incoherent summation of the diffracted intensities contributed by electrons after exciting vast numbers of different excited states has been evaluated before any numerical calculation. An additional advantage is that the phase correlations of atomic vibrations are considered, so that full lattice dynamics can be combined in the phonon scattering calculation. The new theory has been proven to be equivalent to the inelastic multislice theory, and has been applied to calculate energy-filtered diffraction patterns and images formed by phonon, single electron and valence scattered electrons.A calculated diffraction pattern of elastic and phonon scattered electrons for a parallel incident beam case is in agreement with the one observed (Fig. 1), showing thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) streaks and Kikuchi pattern.

A Critical Analysis of the Limitations and Effects of the Brazilian National Broadband Plan

2013 ◽  
pp. 255-274
Author(s):  
André Lemos ◽  
Francisco Paulo Jamil Almeida Marques
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the limitations and the socio-political effects of the Brazilian National Broadband Plan (PNBL: is its Portuguese acronym). The discussion considers the main transformations witnessed in the telecommunications landscape in Brazil during the second half of the twentieth century. On the one hand, the end of state monopoly of telecommunications services and the provision of such services by the private sector called for greater investments in infrastructure. On the other hand, the Brazilian regulatory agencies have failed to lower prices, promote competition, and spread broadband access to remote and underserved areas. The PNBL was launched in order to deal with these difficulties. The plan, however, has at least three important problems: (1) the low-speed connection offered to users, (2) the unattractive prices, and (3) the lack of reflection on issues such as net neutrality. The text argues that only by taking such issues into consideration will the plan ensure innovation, economic growth, diversity, and freedom of access to information.

Rigless well intervention and trees on wire from a DPII vessel: a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Simon Glennie ◽  
Tom Leeson ◽  
Ian Rowson ◽  
Bevan Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Process ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Central Production ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Product Delivery ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The Vincent field development is typical subsea development with 11 subsea wells required to be tied back to a central production facility. In 350–400 m of water all subsea operations would be diver-less and the well costs associated with using a semi-submersible rig would be a major element of the total field cost. Sequencing construction vessel and drill rig activities, and aligning this sequence with availability of suitable vessels is often a major challenge on such projects. This was accentuated on this development by the shortage of suitable vessels. In addition to this, multiple mobilisations—potentially incorporating lengthy, expensive transits from Singapore—drove a desire to minimise the use of specialist vessels. The challenges in reducing well costs by using rigless operations are both technical and commercial. Technically, the operations and proposed equipment must be matched to the capabilities and functionality of the vessel. Commercially, sufficient work needs to be identified to justify the one-off costs of preparing and mobilising the vessel and equipment, preparing the operations program, and training and familiarising the personnel. In this instance, the operator identified sufficient work to make the vessel mobilisation and equipment preparation worthwhile while not committing to a long-term deployment. Recognising the multi-role capability of the vessel permitted additional work on nearby assets. These removed the need to mobilise additional vessels to the field and improved vessel’s economy in well intervention mode. Other factors that ensured value was gained from the rigless approach included: the rig schedule being de-coupled from product delivery; the drilling program with limited drilling assets was accelerated, protecting first oil; and, the need to re-configure or modify a rig for Xmas tree (XT) handling was removed. Initial preparations for the planned operations began in the latter part of 2006. The main activities were to: confirm the specification of the subsea lubricator system and its deployment system; undertake a detailed hazard and risk assessment process on all operations; undertake an operability study for crane and deployment system; complete the modifications to the vessel for its intervention role; and, prepare detailed well programs and procedures for equipment operation. The design and fabrication of project-specific interface equipment between the subsea lubricator and the subsea Xmas trees, and specification of the required well services equipment such as wireline, pumping and fluid handling services were also required. As this represented the first time such operations had been undertaken in the region by the contractor or by the operator, a large number of supporting systems were required to be developed, adopted and managed, most notably: well control and barrier philosophies; emergency shutdown and disconnection (ESD) philosophy; project management processes; and, personnel training and familiarisation programs.

scholarly journals New Approach to Interpreting Seizure Tests on the Translatory Oscillation Tribometer (SRV)

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Gregor Patzer ◽  
Raj Shah ◽  
Ameneh Schneider ◽  
Philip Iaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Adhesive Failure ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Reduced Parameters ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The One ◽  
Drive And Control ◽  
And Control

When looking in detail at analyses of the tribological load-carrying capacity of lubricants, it becomes apparent that an exclusive evaluation of the development of the coefficient of friction cannot provide any sufficient criteria for determining the occurrence of adhesive failure. This is due on the one hand to the increasing complexity of lubricant formulae, and on the other hand to the increasing power capacity of modern drive and control concepts in the construction of tribometers. For this reason, it is urgently needed to examine the adhesive processes and their detection in more detail with the help of appropriate tribological values and criteria. The evolution of the friction can be coupled with the stroke, contact resistance, and other parameters. Besides, from new criteria for adhesive failure, which were compiled by the workgroup for the relevant ISO, DIN, and ASTM standards, this contribution discusses the inclusion of additional parameters. The SRV® test system—where SRV stands for the German acronym for oscillation, friction, and wear—is one that was developed to analyze adhesive failure from many measurements alongside the coefficient of friction. Testing with the SRV® system is done via step tests with standardized procedures and parameters, which are in accordance with ASTM test methods. The system continuously monitors electrical resistance, zero stroke position signals, temperature, and other measurements, and can derive further parameters that also help to identify adhesive failure and other adhesive events. These dimensionally reduced parameters can provide new insight on the mechanism of the adhesive behavior. This paper aims to discuss how the interpretation of these step tests beyond the development of coefficient of friction can lead to new knowledge and insight in tribological research, and explores the applicability of Stribeck’s theory to the oscillatory and reciprocating motion utilized in the SRV® tribometer.

scholarly journals Coagulation in Treatment of Swine Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Manh Ha ◽  
Duong Thi Giang Huong
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The One

Abstract In this study, wastewater taken from the Nam Phong swine slaughterhouse, Ho Chi Minh City, was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency of common coagulants, including Alum (Aluminum Sulfate - Al2(SO4)3.18H2O), Poly-Aluminum Chloride (PAC), and Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O), using a jar-test system. The experiments were conducted using the one-factor-at-a-time method to examine three variables which are pH, stirring speed, and coagulant dosage. The results showed that both Alum and PAC perform over 90% removal of colour, turbidity, COD, and total phosphorus (TP) from slaughterhouse wastewater at pH 7 with a stirring speed of 75 revolutions per minute (RPM) and average coagulant dosages of 450 mg/L for Alum and 550 mg/L for PAC. Meanwhile, under the appropriate conditions of pH equal to 10 and 75 RPM with a chemical dosage of 350 mg/L, COD and TP removal efficiencies by Ferrous Sulfate exceed 87%, but those of turbidity and colour only reach 25%. This finding could be a promising coagulation method as a pre-treatment for the swine slaughterhouse wastewater.

The Design of Automatic Test System Reliability for Wireless Data Link

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1848-1851
Author(s):  
Jian Dong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Test System ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Automatic Test System

The requirement of the system reliability of the universal automatic test system for wireless data link is presented. Aiming at the design of the hardware electromagnetic compatibility and the mistake allowance of the software some methods are introduced as emphases. The application indicates that the stabilization and dependability of the subassembly fulfils the demand of the automatic test system.

Improvisation on Standard Limit of the Critical Clearing Time Specified for the Protection Relays Using one Machine Infinite Bus Equivalent

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ashida Salim ◽  
Muhammad Murtadha Othman ◽  
Ismail Musirin ◽  
Mohd Salleh Serwan
Keyword(s):  
Transient Stability ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Test System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Clearing Time ◽  
Transient Instability ◽  
The One ◽  
One Machine

This paper presents a computationally accurate technique used to determine the critical clearing time using the one machine infinite bus equivalent system based on the equal area criterion. The critical clearing time is the maximum time interval by which the fault must be cleared in order to preserve the system stability. The computation of critical clearing time involves an intrinsic mathematical formulation derived from the pre-fault, during fault and post-fault conditions. The value of critical clearing time becomes significantly less when transient instability is induced by a three phase fault occurred at the bus bar closest to the substation connected with a sensitive generator. By setting the protection relay with the obtained value of critical clearing time, it is adequate to sustain the transient stability even though fault happened at the other locations. During the occurrence of fault, a circuit breaker which is operating earlier than the smallest critical clearing time will not agitate to a transient instability. The IEEE Reliability Test System 1979 (RTS-79) is used to verify the robustness of the methodology in a determining the critical clearing time.

scholarly journals Immunoanalysis of free a-subunit of glycoprotein hormones in human blood serum and its relationships with the pituitary glycoprotein

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Bulatov ◽  
A. G. Kiselyova ◽  
T. V. Gorshkova ◽  
N. B. Akopova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Test System ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormones ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
The One

A radioimmunoassay test system has been designed for measurements of free a-subunit (AS) of glycoprotein hormones in human blood serum with a sensitivity of 0.15 ng/ml. This test system revealed the absence of a direct correlation between the levels of free AS and levels of glycoprotein hormones in the blood sera of women with various endocrine profile, this being indicative of the specificity of this test system, on the one hand, and, on the other, confirming the possibility of independent secretion by the pituitary of free AS into the blood. Basal blood serum level of free AS in normal subjects is low: 0,9 ng/ml in women aged 17 to 30. The level of free AS secretion in the blood of many patients with nonfunctioning tumors of the pituitary was found increased, this demonstrating the diagnostic significance of measuring free AS as a marker of such tumors.

The Influence of Thrombin on the Clotting Activity of Factor VIII. A Study with Insolubilized Thrombin

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th Vukovich ◽  
E Koller ◽  
W Doleschel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test System ◽  
Factor Viii Activity ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
The One

SummaryAn investigation of the influence of thrombin on the clotting activity of factor VIII was made. Purified factor VIII and different amounts of thrombin complexed to Sepharose 4 B were mixed and incubated for various periods of time. The factor VIII activities of these incubation mixtures were determined by the one- and two-stage analytical procedures in the presence of the thrombin-sepharose and in its absence following the latter removal from the test sample by filtration. The results so obtained confirm the view that thrombin inactivates factor VIII. Evidences for a thrombin-induced potentiation of the factor VIII activity, seen only in the thrombin-sepharose containing test samples analyzed by the one-stage method, are here interpreted as thrombin-effects peculiar to this factor VIII test system and not as potentiation by thrombin of the factor itself.

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