scholarly journals Fuel Consumption Test Results for a Self-Adaptive, Maintenance-Free Wood Chipper Drive Control System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Piotr Krawiec ◽  
Konrad Jan Waluś ◽  
Mateusz Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
System A ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
Recorded Data

Both energy consumption and the ecology of mobile wood-chipping machines are important issues in forest management. One way of improving the efficiency of wood-chippers is to use innovative design solutions in drive unit control systems. This can result in a reduction in fuel consumption and quantitative exhaust gas emissions. This article presented the results of research conducted on the fuel consumption of a cylindrical wood chipper driven by a small engine. We carried out testing of the unmodified chipper (A), made two different chipper modifications (B) and (C), and tested the modified versions to achieve the indicated results. The process allowed analysis and comparison of recorded data. For this purpose, the engine was supplied with fuel in three different ways: carburetor (factory-made) (A), the injector (B), and injector with an adaptative drive control system (designed by the authors) (C). The construction of a maintenance-free and adaptive drive control system where its functioning depended on operating conditions was done following patent application P.423369. All three fuel supply systems: A, B, and C were tested experimentally in terms of fuel consumption. The research was conducted in both set exploitation conditions (idle work with high (1) and low (2) rotational speed, with a continuous chipping process (3)) and transient exploitation conditions (4) (resulting from the delivery time of wood waste). Thus, the first stage of research involved two constructions (A, B) for three different working conditions (1-3). The second stage consisted of three constructions (A-C) tested in the fourth working conditions (4). The tests showed that the injection system reduced fuel consumption by around 61% during the continuous chipping process in comparison with the carburetor system. The adaptive drive control system (C) reduced fuel consumption by 55–74% in comparison with the carburetor system (A), and by 24–60% in comparison with the injection system (B) without an adaptive drive control system. The level of energy consumption in these systems depended directly on the ratio of idle work time during the chipping process.

scholarly journals Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Michał Dobrzyński ◽  
Filip Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
System A ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

This paper discusses the determination of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions when shredding branches in urban areas. It aimed to determine the hourly emission of exhaust gases to the atmosphere during such work and to identify the designs that can reduce it. The research was carried out with a cylinder woodchipper driven by a low-power (9.5 kW) combustion engine. There were three configurations of the tested drive unit: The factory setting (A) with a carburettor fuel supply system, modernized by us to include an electronic injection system (B). This system (B) was expanded with an adaptation system patented by the authors (P. 423369), thus creating the third configuration (C). The research was carried out when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender 4:189-204. 1784)) branches with a diameter of 80 mm, which presented a large load for the machine. The machine was operated by one experienced operator. The average operating conditions during the tests were as follows: Branch delivery frequency of about 4 min−1 and mass flow rate of about 0.72 t h−1. During the tests with the use of PEMS (portable emissions measurement system, here Axion RS from Global MRV), we analyzed the emissions of compounds, such as CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, and determined the fuel consumption based on the carbon balance. The research showed that the use of an injection system (B) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 1.29 l h−1 (by 6.7%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). Modernization of the injection system (B) with an adaptive system (C) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 0.91 l h−1 (by 34%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). An hour of shredding with a cylinder chopper emits the following amounts of flue gases: design A (HC 0.013 kg h−1; CO 0.24 kg h−1; CO2 2.91 kg h−1; NOx 0.0036 kg h−1), design B (HC 0.0061 kg h−1; CO 0.20 kg h−1; CO2 2.77 kg h−1; NOx 0.0038 kg h−1), and design C (HC 0.017 kg h−1; CO 0.22 kg h−1; CO2 1.79 kg h−1; NOx 0.0030 kg h−1). The adaptive system entails significant reductions in non-HC emissions, which indicates that the system needs to be improved with respect to fuel-air mixture control for its enrichment of the low-to-high-speed change. The admissible emission limits for harmful compounds in exhaust gas for the tested group of propulsion units are in accordance with the provisions in force in the European Union from 2019 for the tested propulsion units during operation, with a full CO load about 6100 g h−1 and HC + NOx about 80 g h−1. The tested propulsion units emitted significantly less pollution under real operating conditions (because they did not work under full load throughout the entire test sample).

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Nozzle Hole Shape to the Spray Characteristics from Premix Injector in Burner System : A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 610-614
Author(s):  
Ronny Yii Shi Chin ◽  
Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin ◽  
Norani Mansor ◽  
Amir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Breakup Process ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Breakup ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
Shaped Nozzle

Fuel injection system is widely used in the field of burner system nowadays. Spray nozzles having various operating conditions depends on the design of nozzle and it is precision components designed to perform very specific spray characteristics under specific conditions. This review paper focuses on spray characteristics, effects of geometry of injector, influence of fuel and hole shaped nozzle with cylindrical and conical holes on spray characteristics. The parameters were discussed based on an overview of the research in the field of simulations with nozzle shaped injectors. A massive majority researcher reported that conical nozzle hole is better due to it contributed suppression of cavitation in nozzle hole, slowed down primary breakup process and thus produced larger spray droplets, high spray penetration.

Research on lateral-directional stability augmentation system of flying wing aircraft based on reliability model

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 4214-4221
Author(s):  
Yalin Pan ◽  
Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Directional Stability ◽  
System A ◽  
Stability Augmentation ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
The Stability

Poor lateral-directional stability is a great risk to the design of flying wing aircraft due to the absence of vertical stabilizer. In order to improve the lateral-directional flying quality of this configuration aircraft, eigenstructure assignment technique by state feedback is adopted to design the stability augmentation system. The influence of eigenstructure on energy consumption of the control system is analyzed by citing energy consumption index in this paper. In addition, a reliability model is established to measure the reliability of the control system under uncertain factors. In order to assign eigenvalues and eigenvectors to obtain the control law of the system, a nested optimization model based on coupling degree, energy consumption and reliability is proposed. The outer optimization is used to optimize the eigenstructure, and inner optimization is used to compute the reliability of the control system in optimization process. A flying wing aircraft is used as a basis for the design of the stability augmentation system through the suggested optimization strategy. The optimization results demonstrate the validity of the method, and the lateral-directional flying quality of the aircraft has been improved greatly.

scholarly journals Estimation of vehicle operational fuel consumption

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Jacek KROPIWNICKI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Drive System ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The City

A method of a reference fuel consumption calculation for a registered operating conditions has been presented in this work. The operating conditions have been described using specific energy consumption, which takes into account both an influence of external conditions and driver’s style of driving. Results of experiments performed on the territory of the city of Gdańsk in normal urban traffic have been presented. The new concept of estimation of vehicle drive system efficiency and related examples have been also included.

Performance Testing of a Microturbine Generator Set With Twin Rotating Disk Regenerators

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei D. Chiang ◽  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chih-Neng Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
System A ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Regenerator System ◽  
And Control

An investigation was conducted to study the performance of a 150 kW microturbine generator set with twin rotating disk regenerators, including testing and analyses. Originally designed as a vehicular microturbine engine, twin rotating ceramic disk regenerators were used to dramatically improve fuel consumption by transferring heat energy from the exhaust gas stream to compressor discharge. This microturbine engine consists of a gasifier assembly, a power turbine, a combustor, a regenerator system, a reduction and accessory drive gearbox, and a fuel management system. Because the microturbine engine did not come with the necessary start and control system (including electronic engine control unit), a start sequence was successfully developed and a manual control system installed. This paper reports on testing of the microturbine generator set at different load conditions using load banks. As a parallel effort, a software program was used to predict the performance of the microturbine generator set at different operating conditions in order to compare with the test results.

scholarly journals Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions Measured in Ship’s Dynamic Operating Conditions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6589
Author(s):  
Artur Bogdanowicz ◽  
Tomasz Kniaziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Dynamic States

The paper presents the results of research on measuring the emissions from marine diesel engines in dynamic states. The problem is as follows: How to measure emissions of the composition of exhaust gases on board a ship, without direct measurement of fuel consumption and an air flow to marine diesel engine, during maneuvering the ship in the port area. The authors proposed a measurement methodology using an exhaust gas analyzer with simultaneous recording of the load indicator, engine speed, inclinometer, and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Fuel consumption was calculated based on mean indicated pressure (MIP) tests. Recorded data were processed in the LabView systems engineering software. A simple neural network algorithm was used to model the concentrations of ingredients contained in engine exhaust gases during dynamic states. Using the recorded data, it is possible to calculate the emissions of the composition of exhaust gases from the marine diesel engine and calculate the route emissions of the tested vessel.

Response Time to Sudden Changes in Speed and Load Regimes for Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvadore Mugurel Burciu ◽  
Kristina Uzuneanu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Fast Increase ◽  
Made In

The paper includes results from experimental determinations of parameters for turbocharged MB836Db diesel engine, which functioning at dynamic conditions. The studied functioning modes resulting from sudden changes in acceleration and/or loading. The authors used for experimental determinations an railway Diesel engine turbocharged, MB836Db. The results are obtained based on measurements made in the department of Thermal Systems and Environmental Engineering from University “Dunarea de Jos” of Galati. Authors used the equipment which contains PLC module CBM 500, which is put on the turbocharged MB836Db engine. Experimental measurements were performed for dynamic regimes (regimes varying in time) , in case of four changes for engine's acceleration and load.In conditions of acceleration (fast increase of rotation and/or load) only one part of exhaust gasses's energy is transformed in mechanical work for turbocompressor; the rest of the energy is used for the acceleration of different parts which are in rotation movement, to overcome the inertia of the turbocharger with free rotation. That is why, the pressure delivered by the turbocharger in case of functioning on unsteady conditions, at any moment is decreased than the supercharger pressure in steady working conditions, at the same speed and load regimes.The experimental results obtained for unsteady working conditions shows that the performances of engine and turbocompressor are reduced compared to the performances in stationary operating conditions, and this because the turbocompressor inertia is greater than the inertia of the injection system. Because of this issue is modified significantly the combustible mixture quality (decrease in the ratio of air and fuel ), which determines the increase of chemical pollution and decrease of engine performances.The authors presents some conclusions on the influence of the turbocharger’s response on the performances of engine in case of regimes varying in time, such as changes in acceleration and load.

Magnetic Flux Observers in the Drive Control System Equipped with a Double-Fed Motor

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Maksim A. BOBROV ◽  
◽  
Gennadii M. TUTAYEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Drive Control
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