scholarly journals Numerical Analysis for Critical Structures Protection against Blast Loading Using Metallic Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Ageel Alogla ◽  
Mahmoud Helal ◽  
Mohamed Mokbel ElShafey ◽  
Elsayed Fathallah
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Blast Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Governing Parameter ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Minimum Deformation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Metallic Panels

The need for building protection against blast loads is a crucial issue nowadays due to the escalating threat of terrorist attacks, which affect people’s lives and critical structures. Consequently, design of protective panels to segregate building façades from the effect of a nearby explosion is required. Such design mainly depends on the ability of protective panels to mitigate and diffract the blast wave before reaching building façades. Five protective panel models with different designs, referred to as the Combined Protection System (CPS), are introduced in this paper. The main objective of this research was to achieve a design that could sustain a blast load with minimum plastic deformations. The introduced CPS designs included two steel plates linked by connector plates. The CPS dimensions were 3 m × 3 m × 0.35 m, representing length, width, and height, respectively. After that, the successful panel design was supported by placing these panels onto a masonry wall in different configurations. The protective panels were tested against 50 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) with a standoff distance of one meter. The final run of the optimum model was carried out using a blast load equivalent to 500 kg of TNT. The air–structure interactions were simulated using finite element analysis software called “ANSYS AUTODYN”, where the deformation of the panel was the governing parameter to evaluate the behavior of different designs. The analysis showed minimum deformation of the CPS design with vertical and horizontal connecting plates in a masonry wall distanced at 500 mm from the panel. However, the other designs showed promising results, which could make them suitable for critical structural protection on different scales.

scholarly journals Discrete element analysis of the punching behaviour of a secured drapery system: from laboratory characterization to idealized in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pol ◽  
Fabio Gabrieli ◽  
Lorenzo Brezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Wire Meshes

AbstractIn this work, the mechanical response of a steel wire mesh panel against a punching load is studied starting from laboratory test conditions and extending the results to field applications. Wire meshes anchored with bolts and steel plates are extensively used in rockfall protection and slope stabilization. Their performances are evaluated through laboratory tests, but the mechanical constraints, the geometry and the loading conditions may strongly differ from the in situ conditions leading to incorrect estimations of the strength of the mesh. In this work, the discrete element method is used to simulate a wire mesh. After validation of the numerical mesh model against experimental data, the punching behaviour of an anchored mesh panel is investigated in order to obtain a more realistic characterization of the mesh mechanical response in field conditions. The dimension of the punching element, its position, the anchor plate size and the anchor spacing are varied, providing analytical relationships able to predict the panel response in different loading conditions. Furthermore, the mesh panel aspect ratio is analysed showing the existence of an optimal value. The results of this study can provide useful information to practitioners for designing secured drapery systems, as well as for the assessment of their safety conditions.

Meshing Method of High Precision FEM in Large Complex Structural Simulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 701-704
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Xue ◽  
Zhi Guang Wang ◽  
Xiao Hong Li ◽  
Xin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Large Complex ◽  
Mesh Density ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Dimensional Element

Shing is playing an important role in the large complex structural FEM simulations; it has a direct effect on calculating precision of structural simulations. For increasing the calculation accuracy and analysis accuracy of complex structure, the finite element meshing problems is proposed on the finite element analysis of large complicated structures. The effects caused by element type, mesh density and intergradations on calculating precision are studied and discussed. A research argues that with length-width ratio of 1~2 and length-thickness ration of 1.5~4.5 of two-dimensional rectangular element, the quality of meshing method of two-dimensional element is above normal. As the height of one-dimensional element is equal to the sum of reinforcing rib height of outer panel and half the thickness of panel, more accurate results can be obtained.

scholarly journals Thermal Contact Conductance-Based Thermal Behavior Analytical Model for a Hybrid Floor at Elevated Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jae Park ◽  
Jeong Ki Min ◽  
Jaehoon Bae ◽  
Young K. Ju
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Thermal Contact Conductance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Contact Conductance

Hybrid floors infilled with polymeric materials between two steel plates were developed as a prefabricated floor system in the construction industry. However, the floor’s fire resistance performance has not been investigated. To evaluate this, fire tests suggested by the Korean Standards should be performed. As these tests are costly and time consuming, the number of variables were limited. However, many variables can be investigated in other ways such as furnace tests and finite element analysis (FEA) with less cost and time. In this study, furnace tests on heated surface areas smaller than 1 m2 were conducted to investigate the thermal behavior of the hybrid floor at elevated temperatures. To obtain the reliability of the proposed thermal behavior analytical (TBA) model, verifications were conducted by FEAs. Thermal contact conductance including interfacial thermal properties between two materials was adopted in the TBA model, and the values at elevated temperatures were suggested based on thermo-gravimetric analyses results and verified by FEA. Errors between the tests and TBA model indicated that the model was adequate in predicting the temperature distribution in small-scale hybrids. Furthermore, larger furnace tests and analysis results were compared to verify the TBA model’s application to different sized hybrid floors.

Sizing of Heat Spreaders Above Dielectric Layers

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chen ◽  
Marc Hodes ◽  
Lou Manzione
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Power Device ◽  
Heat Spreader ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Arbitrary Length ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Dielectric Layers ◽  
Heat Spreaders ◽  
Length Width

A means to properly size rectangular heat spreaders between a dielectric layer connected to thermal ground and a power device is developed by modeling the problem as a thermal resistance network. Generalized formulas and nondimensional charts to optimize heat spreader thickness and footprint are presented. The power device and heat spreader are assumed to be (concentric) rectangular solids of arbitrary length, width and thickness. The nondimensional results are validated by finite element analysis (FEA) and examples demonstrate the utility of the methodology to thermal design engineers.

Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses due to Multipass Welding in High Strength Steel Plates and Validation against Experimental Measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Constant Ramard ◽  
Denis Carron ◽  
Philippe Pilvin ◽  
Florent Bridier
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multipass Welding

Multipass arc welding is commonly used for thick plates assemblies in shipbuilding. Sever thermal cycles induced by the process generate inhomogeneous plastic deformation and residual stresses. Metallurgical transformations contribute at each pass to the residual stress evolution. Since residual stresses can be detrimental to the performance of the welded product, their estimation is essential and numerical modelling is useful to predict them. Finite element analysis of multipass welding of a high strength steel is achieved with a special emphasis on mechanical and metallurgical effects on residual stress. A welding mock-up was specially designed for experimental measurements of in-depth residual stresses using contour method and deep hole drilling and to provide a simplified case for simulation. The computed results are discussed through a comparison with experimental measurements.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel at Room Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asam M.A. Abudalazez ◽  
Shah Rizal Kasim ◽  
Azlan B. Ariffin ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dispersing Medium

Electrophoretically deposition of Biphasic calcium phosphate on 25 × 10 × 1.2 mm (length, width, and thickness) 316L stainless steel plates using ethanol as dispersing medium; It was achieved on the cathode with constant voltages 20, 30, 50, and 100 V during 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds, respectively. After deposition, the samples were dried at room temperature for 24 hours and deposition weight and thickness of the coatings were measured. The coated samples were sintered in a tube furnace at 800 °C for 1 h in an argon atmosphere. After the sintering, the surface morphology and structure and phase composition of the samples were studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and phase purity of the coating material by X-ray diffraction.

Estimating Critical Flaw Sizes in Welds of the New ARES I-X Space Vehicle for Its Successful Solo Flight Using Probabilistic Approaches

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantaram S. Pai ◽  
Peter A. Hoge ◽  
B. M. Patel ◽  
Vinod K. Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Critical Flaw ◽  
Weld Toe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ares I

The primary structure of the ARES I-X Upper Stage Simulator (USS) launch vehicle is constructed of welded mild steel plates. There is some concern over the possibility of structural failure due to welding flaws. It was considered critical to quantify the impact of uncertainties in residual stress, material porosity, applied loads, and material and crack growth properties on the reliability of the welds during its pre-flight and flight. A criterion — an existing maximum size crack at the weld toe must be smaller than the maximum allowable flaw size — was established to estimate the reliability of the welds. A spectrum of maximum allowable flaw sizes was developed for different possible combinations of all of the above listed variables by performing probabilistic crack growth analyses using the ANSYS finite element analysis code in conjunction with the NASGRO crack growth code.

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